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Animal Diversity > TEST 1 > Flashcards

TEST 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the what are the four classes of Cnidarians?

A

Anthozoans
Hydrozoans
Scyphozoa
Cubozoa

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2
Q

What are the two subclasses of anthozoans?

A

Hexacorallia and octocorals

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3
Q

Which class of cnidarian only has a polyp form?

A

Anthozoans

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4
Q

Corals and anemones belong to which class of which phylum

A

Phylum cnidarian, class anthozoan

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5
Q

How are to two subclasses of anthozoans different in terms of symmetry?

A

Hexacorallia - 6 part symmetry

Octocoralia - 8 part symmetry

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6
Q

Which subclass of anthozoan do the stony corals belong to? How about soft corals?

A

Stony corals = hexacorallia

Soft corals = octocorallia

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7
Q

What is the ecological importance of anthozoans?

A 
Dinoflagellates + symbiotic relationship
Biodiversity hot spot - 25% marine life
3D habitat
Food for other animals
Shelter
Mutualism w anemones
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8
Q

Explain a symbiotic relationship that corals (class anthozoan) have with dinoflagellates

A

Dinos = photosynthetic

Provide food for corals

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9
Q

How does coral bleaching involve dinoflagellates?

A

When corals under stress, dinos get ejected from corals and corals lose their food source

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10
Q

Explain how other animals have mutualism with anemones (class anthozoan)

A

Mucus on fish so their can live in anemones (finding nemo)

Crabs that put anemones on the backs of their shell for extra protection
Ex. Boxer crabs

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11
Q

Gorgonian corals come from with subclass of anthozoans? What is a property they have that makes them a soft coral?

A

Subclass octocorallia

Proteinaceous bodies with calcareous spicules in their mesoglea endoskeleton

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12
Q

What class do the siphonophores belong to?

A

Class hydrozoans

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13
Q

Some hydrozoans are more dominantly medusa form, some are more dominantly polyp form… this makes them what type of group?

A

Disparate group

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14
Q

Freshwater cnidarians belong to what group?

A

Hydrozoans

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15
Q

What is an example of a hydrozoan that is fresh water nad exclusively polyp form?

A

Hydra

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16
Q

What is an example of a medusa form cnidarian in the hydrozoan class that is found off the coast of NS?

A

Aequorea victoria

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17
Q

Siophonophores are usually found where? Are they independent animals or do they live in colonies?

A

Deep sea

Colonial animals

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18
Q

Do hydrozoans tend to live by themselves or in colonies?

A

Colomies

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19
Q

Some parts lf a hydrozoan are meant for swimming, while other parts are meant for food capture, while other parts are meant for eating… hydrozoans have what ?

A

Polymorphism

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20
Q

What class are the true jellies in?

A

Class scyphozoa

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21
Q

Name everything you can about the scyphozoa class of cnidarians

A

Dieocious (separate sexes)

Large oral lobes extend from mouth

Strobilation and reproduction (scyphistoma —> stack of strobila —> ephyra (tiny jellies, flower shape) —> big true jellies with either male of female sex

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22
Q

Explain the strobilation and reproduction of class scyphozoa (true jellies)

A

Larvae settle anywhere and then become

  1. schyphistoma
    - duplicate through mitosis
  2. Stack of strobila (jelly stack)
    - break off + mature + grow bigger
  3. Ephyra - tiny baby flower shaped jellies, either female or male
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23
Q

What class would a species that looks like a jelly, is dominantly in the medusa form, has tentacles on each corner of its face and has an eye that can sometimes be image forming?

A

Class cubozoa

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24
Q

Manh cnidarians exhibit 2 body forms… this means what?

A

They have polyps and medusa forms

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25
Q

Is a cnidocyte a cell or an organelle? What about a cnidae?

A 
Cnidocyte = cell
Cnidae = organelle
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26
Q

What is the fourth big spit?

A

Phylum ctenophora

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27
Q

What are ctenes?

A

They are comb rows of cilia that comb jellies, in phylum ctenophora, have

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28
Q

How many ctenes do comb jellies have?

A

8 ctenes

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29
Q

What type of symmetry do ctenophora have? How about cnidarians?

A

Ctenophora = bi radial symmetry

Cnidarians = radial symmetry

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30
Q

Ctenophora have colloblast cells on their tentacles… why?

A

To help with food capture because they’re sticky / adhesive

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31
Q

What type of ctenophore decimated a black sea ecosystem in the 90s?

A

A mnemiopsis ctenophore

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32
Q

How many ctenes to ctenophores have? How do they swim / move?

A

8 ctenes

Swim mouth forward, move via beating cilia

Largest animal to move via cilia

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33
Q

What are the two forms or ctenophores and how do they differ?

A

Mnemiopsis - eats plankton and things in water column via colloblasts on tentacles

Beroe form - eats other ctenophores, doesn’t have colloblasts, just has a giant mouth

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34
Q

Where does the colour in ctenophores cmoe from? Shy are the deep sea sepcies red?

A

Light refracts off the tightly packed ctenes / comb rows

Red so predators can’t see them, red is the first colour to disappear in the deep sea

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35
Q

What are the four classes of poifera?

A

Class calcarea

Class homoscleromorpha

Class hexactinellids

Class demospongiae

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36
Q

Which class and which phylum has spicules made of calcium carbonate and has examples of all 3 canal systems?

A

Phylum poifera

Class calcarea

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37
Q

What class of poifera is the newest class that was named in 2012 and used to be classified under demospongiae?

A

Class homoscleromorpha

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38
Q

What kind of spicules does class homoscleromorpha of phylum poifera have?

A

Spicules that are all the same form

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39
Q

Which class of poifera have 6 rayed silica spicules that make a glass lattice?

A

Class hexactinellida

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40
Q

What class do 80% of sponges come from?

A

Demospongiae

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41
Q

Where do freshwater sponges classify?

A

Demospongiae

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42
Q

What body form do sponges in class demospongiae usually have?

A

Leuconoid body form

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43
Q

How do poiferas feed?

A

Intracellular digestion (phagocytosis)

Flagellated collar cells help them get food

Carnivorous sponges don’t have choanocytes, they have tiny hooks that help catch prey

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44
Q

Do poiferas have sexual or asexual preproduction

A

Both

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45
Q

How do poiferas sexually reproduce

A

Sperm comes from choanocytes that release into water column —> another sponges takes them up

Eggs / oocytes come from archaocytes

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46
Q

How do sponges asexually reproduce?

A

Via budding fragmentation or dormant gemmules

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47
Q

Why are dormant gemmules are good type of reproduction for freshwater sponges?

A

They have variable living conditions

Gemmules stay dormant until conditions are right, then the wake up and germinate

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48
Q

What are dormant gemmules?

A

Type of asexual reproduction for poiferas

Internal buds packed with archeocytes (where eggs come from), surrounded by thick layer of spicules

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49
Q

What are symbioses that we see with poiferas?

A

Microbial

  • green algae and photosynthesis
  • Nutrient cycling

Humans + sponges

  • first food item harvested from ocean
  • Medications and pharmaceuticals
  • fibre optics - technology and industry
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50
Q

What is a flat animal but is multicellular, was thought to be made of only one species (the trichlplax adhaerons). Has cilia, no body cavity and has 5-6 body cells? What phylum?

A

Phylum placozoa

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51
Q

What are the two body forms of cnidarians?

A

Polyp and medusa

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52
Q

What are the unique stinging cells that cnidarians have called?

A

Cnidocyte

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53
Q

What is the jelly layer in cnidarians called?

A

Mesoglea

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54
Q

How many classes of cnidarians are there? Can you name them all?

A

5 classes

  • anthozoans
  • hydrozoans
  • Scyphozoa (true jellies)
  • cubozoa
  • staurozoa (didn’t talk about them though)
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55
Q

Cnidarians made two big evolutionary jumps… what were they?

A

They have tissues and radial symmetry!

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56
Q

What level of organization do cnidarians have?

A

Cells that carry -out functions

Don’t have organs yet

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57
Q

Why are cnidarians considered dipoblastic?

A

Because they have tissues

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58
Q

How did the cnidarians become dipoblastic?

A

Cells made hollow ball which underwent gastrolation

Hollow ball ivaginated

Diffrentiated into endoderm (gut) and ectoderm (skin)

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59
Q

What kind of symmetry to cnidarians have?

A

Radial

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60
Q

What dipoblastic properties do cnidsrians have? Name each tissue layer / body cavity

A

Endoderm = gastrodermis / gut
Ectoderm = epidermis / skin
Mesoglea = jelly NOT TISSUE
Gastrovascular cavity

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61
Q

What is the diffrence between the medusa and polyp form of cnidarians?

A

Polyp = sessile, anemone form

Medusa = swimming, jellyfish form, use contractions to swim

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62
Q

The Portuguese man-o-war is a great example of what…

A

Polyp form cnidarian of class hydrozoan

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63
Q

How to the cnidarains exhibit polymorphism/ polyp form?

A

All the polyps are genetically identical but can carry out different functions = polymorphism

Ex. Portuguese man-o-war

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64
Q

How do cnidarians reproduce?

A

Alternating generations between polyp and medusa forms

Polyps asexually make baby medusas which are sexually reproducing

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65
Q

How do medusa forms of cnidarians reproduceto make new polyps

Hint - planula

A

Make sperm and egg through meiosis

Gametes make PLANULA - these settle and make new polyps

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66
Q

How cnidarians move? Do they have muscles like us?

A

Epitheliamuscular cells in their tissue which has nerves

nerve nets / mesh of nerves in tissue that signals contractions

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67
Q

Explain how the cnidocyte, the cnidae, the nemotocyst and the cnidocil work together

A

Cnidocyte is the stinging cell

Cnidae is an organelle/capsule in the cell containing the nematocyst

Nematocyst is an organelle w stinging venom

Cnidocil is a hair like trigger

Cnidae discharges nematocyst when anincrease of hydrostatic pressure is detected and nematocyst breaks off

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68
Q

97% of all named species are what?-

A

Invertebrates

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69
Q

What are the 5 major basal splits of animals groups

A 
Porifera
Placazoa
Cnidarians
Ctenophores
Bilateria
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70
Q

Phylum porifera… do they have true tissues?

A

Nope, don’t have true embryonic tissues

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71
Q

Explain the aquiferous system of porifera / sponges

A 
Oscula = out
S[pongocoel = inside sponge, lined with collar cells
Ostia = in
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72
Q

What is a choanocyte?

A

Sticky collar cell with flagellum
Line the spongecoel
Food capture, waste, move water efficiently

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73
Q

What are the the three types of cana; systems?

A

Asconoids
Synconoids
Leuconoids

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74
Q

What are the differences between the three types of canal systems

A

Asconoid = inside of cell lined with choanocytes, only in class calcarea

Synconoid = folded niner layers w collar cells lining the folds, only in class calcarea

Leuconoid - collar cells line inside chamber, msot sponges this form, all classes, icnreases SA + SIZE of sponge

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75
Q

Which canal system increases SA + size pf s[ponge by having the collar cells line the inside chambers?

A

Leuconoid

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76
Q

What two type of cells help make a sponge?

A

Choanocyte and archaeocytes

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77
Q

What are archaeocytes?

A

Totipotent cells in sponges, found in mesophyl of sponge (btw inner and outer sponge layer)

Can become many different types of cell (feeding, spicule making, spongin making, reproduction)

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78
Q

What are archaeocytes important for sponges?

A

Because they don’t have tissues, so they rely on these totipotent cells to provide different functions

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79
Q

The collagen fibres in sponges are called what?

A

Spongin

80
Q

The spicules of sponges are made of what?

A

Silica or calcium carbonate

81
Q

What are the four classes of porifera?

A

Homoscleromorpha

Calcarea

Demospongae

Hexactinellida

82
Q

In the geologic time scale, what is the order from cambrian to cretaceous?

A

Camels often sit down carefully, perhaps their joints creak

Cambrian
Ordovician 
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous 
Permian
Triassic
Jurassic
Cretaceous
83
Q

When you say taxa (taxon singular) what do you mean?

A

All the species under that hierarchy

Example taxa animalia - all the animals

84
Q

Who developped the binomial nomenclature?

A

Carolus linnaeous

85
Q

What ia convergent evolution?

A

How things got the same related trait but through unrelated lineages, for a common purpose

Ex eyes of cephalopod and vertebrates - both image forming but from different ancestors

86
Q

Traits that come from the same evolutionary origin are called what?

A

Homologous structures

87
Q

What is a clade?

A

All animals in clade shafe a derived trait / character

88
Q

A clades that exhibit monophyly show what?

A

Most recent common ancestor of all descendants

89
Q

A clades that exhibit paraphyly show what?

A

Most recent common ancestor and some but not all of its descendants
- reptiles exclude birds, but they should have them because they have recent ancestor

90
Q

A clades that exhibit polyphyly show what?

A

No recent common ancestor

No evolutionary origin (homoplasy)

91
Q

What are the 5 key transitions in animal architecture

A

Levels of organization (complexity)

Symmetry

Body cavity

Developmental traits

Segmentation

92
Q

What are the levels of organization in order

A 
Protoplasmic - single cell
Cellular 
Cell tissue
Tissue
Organ
93
Q

Why wouldn’t animals exhibit protoplasmic level of organization?

A

Because animals are multicellular

94
Q

What is the cellular level ov organization?

A

Cells that have different functions

Ex. Choanoflagellates (in protists)

95
Q

What is the cell tissue level of organization/

A

Specific cells work together to have specific functions - TEAMWORK!

Porifera, placozoa

Welcome in the metazoans

96
Q

What is seen in the tissue level of organization?

A

Basement membrane forms - connects cells for more coordination

Ex. Nerve net in cnidarians

97
Q

What is seen in the organ level of organization?

A

Tissues work together to make organ with special function

98
Q

What animal at the organ level of organization is the simplest ?

A

Flatworms

99
Q

Bilateral symmetry is tied to cephalization - what is cephalization?

A

Diffrentiation of head from rest of the body, sense organs in head region

100
Q

In order to have true body cavities, you need to have three things… what are they?

A

Endoderm, ectoderm and mesoderm

Triploblastic animal

101
Q

Are cnidarians and ctenophores able to have true body cavities?

A

No, because they are diploblastic (only have endo and ectoderm)

102
Q

How do body cavities form?

A

Cell make hollow ball called BLASTULA w fluid filled centre called BLASTOCOEL

folds inward making GASTRULA w BLASTOPORE hole - starts out as mouth leading to gut

103
Q

What are the three types of body cavities that can form if you are triploblastic animal?

A

Acoelomate

Pseudocoelomate

Eucoelomate

104
Q

What are the two types of acoelomate body cavities?

A

Ones with mesodermal germ layer that fills the blastocoel

Onces without mesodermal germ layers

105
Q

For the phyla nematoda, the mesoderm cells line the outer edge of the blastocoel, making two body cavities - what type pf body cavity plan is this and what are the two body cavities made?

A

Pseudocoelomate

Makes a gut cavity and blastocoel partially lined with mesoderm

106
Q

In the eucoelomate body plan - the mesoderm splits into a true body cavity call a what? Why is it a true body cavity?

A

Coelom

True body cavity because lined completely by mesoderm making two body cavities - gut and coelom

107
Q

What was a key transition in metazoan evolution that allowed for the orgnas to grow independently off the body wall and increased the size of triploblastic animals?

A

Coelom body cavities

108
Q

What are the development divisions for triploblastic animals?

A

Protostome or deuterotome

109
Q

Bilateral animals are divided into two groups - what are they

A

Proteostomes and deuterostomes

110
Q

What has embryos with spinal cleavage, the first blastopore hole becomes the mouth, and they form coelom by splitting off pockets f mesoderm?

A

Protostomes

111
Q

What are the 2 main groups of protostomes?

A

Lophotrochozoa

Ecdysozoa

112
Q

The lophotrochozoa form of protostomes have either ______ structure or a ________

A

Lophophore feeding structure or a trochophore larvae

113
Q

This form of protostome forms a solid, monophyletic group based on one derived characterisitc - ability to molt (ecdysis). What form is it?

A

Ecdysozoans

114
Q

The other main group besides the protostomes are the deuterostmoes… this developmental grouping is based on what?

A

The blastopore became the anus

Mouth formed from second hole in embryonic gastrula

115
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

Measure of all the organisms in a particular location

116
Q

What are you measuring when you measure biodiversity?

A

Abundance (# of species) and richness (types of species)

117
Q

The Simpson diversity index emphasizes what?

Does diversity increase/decrease with abundance / dominance ?

A

Abundance

Diversity dec w abundance

118
Q

The shannon-weiver index emphasizes what?

Does diversity increase or decrease w abundance?

A

Richness

Decreases

119
Q

What are the three embryonic germ layer that triploblasts have and what does each layer do

A

Ectoderm - nervous system + sense organs

Endoderm - makes the gut

Mesoderm - blood

120
Q

To have a true body cavity you need to be…

A

Triploblast / have a mesoderm

121
Q

What are the three types of body cavities

A

Acoelomate

Pseudocoelomate

Eucoelomate

122
Q

What type of body cavity does the mesoderm line the inner body cavity, leaving the organs unorganized?

A

Acoelomate

123
Q

What type of body cavity is fluid filled, with the mesoderm lining the inside of the extoderm, not connecting to the organs?

A

Pseudocoelomate

124
Q

What type of body cavity to all deuterstomes have, where the mesoderm connects to organs + gut and allow compartmentalization?

A

Eucoelomate

125
Q

What are three indicative characteristics of a bilatarian animal?

A

Triploblasts
True body cavity
Cephalization

126
Q

The new phylum made in 2016 with 4 new species of worms that were more acoelomorpha is called what

A

Xenacoelomorpha - new phylum

127
Q

Are acoelomorpha more marine of frehswater?

A

Marine

128
Q

Acoelomorpha don’t have two things… they have a syncytial digestive vacuole in replacement of these two things… what are they?

A

No anus and no gut

129
Q

Acoelomorpha use what for orientation? (Early sensory systems)

A

Statocyst

130
Q

The platyzoa inckude the phylum platyhelmnithes. How many parasitic classes and non-parasitic classes are there under this phylum?

A

Parasitic = 3 classes

Non-parasitic = turbellarians

131
Q

What kind of body plan to platyhelminthes have?

A

Acoelomate (parenchyma) and dorso-ventrally flattened

132
Q

What are flame cells and which phylum are they characteristic of?

A

Platyhelminthes have flame cells

Excretory and osmoregulation

133
Q

What are the protonephridia made of in platyhelminthes?what do they do?

A

Flame cells + tube cells

Remove excess water

134
Q

Turbellarians is a clsas under the phylum…

A

Platyhelminthes of the bilaterians

135
Q

Turbellarians have ciliated epidermis. The epidermis contains ___________ - these help make the worm distasteful to predatory by discharging slime/mucous

A

Rhabdites

136
Q

Tubellarians - a key feature of their skin and muscle is their attach and detach systems that is opwered by what?

A

Dual gland adhesive organs

137
Q

How do turbellarians eat / feed?

A

Scavengers + predators

Extracellular + intracellular digestion

Blind ended gut

138
Q

Do turbellarians have cephlization?

A

Yes

139
Q 
Turbellarians - a key feature is their nervous system / cephalization. What are the following structures used for;
Statocyst
Rheoreceptors
Ocelli
Auricles
A

Statocyst - orientation

Rheoreceptors - currnts

Ocelli - eyes

Auricles - ears

140
Q

Turbellarians - what has ear like lobes with chemoreceptors and tactile cells?

A

Auricles

141
Q

How do turbellarians reproduce? Is it asexual, sexual or both? Female and mald sex organs? Are they diecious?

A

Both sexual + asexual

Sexual - penis fencing, hermaphroditism, internal fertilization with copulation

142
Q

What are some distinct features of parasitic Platyhelminthes?

A

Skin - non ciliated epidermis, syncytial cells, HAVE NEODERMATA

Digestion through absorption

Nervous systems - minimal cephalization

Reproduction - diff among classes

143
Q

Do both parasitic and non-parasitic platyhelminthes have neodermata?

A

No just parasitic

144
Q

The parasitic flukes are in which class of playtyhelminthes?

A

Class trematoda

145
Q

What is the life cycle of the parasitic digenea flukes of class trematoda?

A

Two hosts

Eggs fertilized in poop
Hatch in intermediate host
Intermediate host is the first host, asexual amplification
Swimming form infects vertebrate
Young flukes infect final host to mature and reproduce sexually

146
Q

What are two common digenean flukes

A

Liver flukes

Blood flukes
- swimmers itch

147
Q

How many host does the class monogenea have in its life cycle? (Platyhelminthes)

A

One host

148
Q

What class of platyhelminthes is ectoparasitic and live on the skin and gills of fish?

A

Class monogenea

149
Q

What class of Platyhelminthes do tapeworms belong to?

A

Class cestoda

150
Q

What is the scolex used for in class cestoda (tapeworms)?

A

Attach to the intestinal wall of host

151
Q

Do tapeworms have true segmentation?

A

No they have proglottids - conveyer belt of reproductive units

152
Q

How do tapeworms (phylum platyhelminthes, class cestoda) eat?

A

Absorption, no digestive organs

Use microtriches to absorb nutrients

153
Q

Explain the reproductive factories of tapeworms using the following terms; strobila, uterine pore, scolex

A

Young grow from scolex - attached to intestinal wall of host (why you don’t rip a tapeworm)

Eggs come out the uterine pore

Strobila is the main part of the body that is asexually reproduced, but matures to make female and male parts

154
Q

How do people usually get infected by tapeworms?

A

Fertilized eggs in GRAVID PROGLOTTIDS - shelled larvae that come out of poop

Undercooked meat/fish can have cysts in the muscle

155
Q

write out the key transition for phylum xenacoelomorpha

A 
Organization - organ
Symmetry - bi lateral
Body cavity - acoelomate
Development - triploblast (basal)
Segmentation - no
156
Q

Write out the key transitions for phylum platyhelminthes

A 
Organization - organ
Symmetry - bi lateral
Body cavity - acoelomate
Development - triploblast (protostome - locomorpha)
Segmentation - no
157
Q

Being bi lateral means…

A

Triploblast

Have embryonic mesoderm

Can be protostome or deuterstome

158
Q

How do protostomes and deuterstomes differ?

A

Embryonic development
0
Deuter - blastopore becomes the anus

Proto - blastopore becomes the mouth

159
Q

Are tubellarians dioecious?

A

No

160
Q

Do tapeworms have an intermediate host? (Phylum platyhelminthes, class cestoda)

A

No

161
Q

Protostomes - lophotrochozoans are called…

A

Trochozoans

162
Q

The first great lophotrochozoans was…

A

Annelids

163
Q

The big step that lophotrochozoans took in body plans was…

A

Segmentation

164
Q

The annelids (lophotrochozoans) have ture segmentaion making them…acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, eucoelomate

A

Eucoelomate

165
Q

Annelids have metamerism. What is this?

A

Body has repeated units that are separated by septa

166
Q

How do lophotrochozoans move?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton made by fluid filled coelom

Longitudinal muscles - contract body shortens + expands

Circulare muscles contracts - body narrows + lengthens

Contractions at different rhythms for different muscles

167
Q

How do lophotrochozoans use their coelom for movement

A

Helps make the hydrostatic skeleton

168
Q

Ringed worms and bristle worms belond to which phylum?

A

Annelida

169
Q

What are two defining annelid features?

A

Setae and paraopdia

170
Q

What are setae? (Distinct in annelids)

A

Chintinous epidermal bristles

Help burrow, move

171
Q

What are parapodia?

A

Paddle like feet

Swimming, respiration, crawling

172
Q

What is a basic body plan for annelids

A

2 part head (prostomium and peristomium)

Metamerism (lots of segments)

Terminal pygidium

Epidermis covered in non-chitinous cuticles

173
Q

Which class of annelids has the motile polychaetes

A

Errantia

174
Q

How do polychaetes in class errantia reproduce?

A

Dioecious (both female and male sexes)

External fertilization

TROCHOPHORE LARVAE !!!!!

175
Q

Class sedentaria has what type of polychaetes generally

A

Tube dwelling / burrowing

176
Q

What worms are under the class sedentaria that used to be their own classes?

A

Oligochaetes (earthworms)
Hirudinians (leeches)
Pogonophora (beardworms)
Echiuran worms

177
Q

How do worms / polychaetes in class sedentaria get food

A

Filter feeding or deposit feeding

Cilia and mucus + food grooves on tentacles help trap food

178
Q

What are the old pogonophora called now under class sedentaria?

A

Sibloglinidae

179
Q

Say everything you can about class siboglinidae

A 
Beard worms
Used to pogonophora
Use chemauto\rophic bacteria
Live in hydrothermal vents
No digestive system, rely on symbiotic relationships for food + absorption
180
Q

What used to be called phylum echniura is now class what under the phylum sedentaria… what kind of worms are these?

A

Echiuridae

Spoon worms

181
Q

Why are they called spoon worms (sedentaria - echiuridae)

A

They have a flat, extensible proboscis (elongated tube part attached to the mouth used for feeding)

182
Q

Sedentaria - clitellata have thpes of polychaetes… what are they

A

Hirudinidae

Oligochaetes

183
Q

Are all polychaetes under sedentaria - clitellata hermaphroditic?

A

Yes

184
Q

How do polychaetes under sendentaria-clitellata reproduce?

A

No trocophore larvae, just direct development

185
Q

How would you classify an earthworm?

A

Annelida (phylum), class sedentaria - clitellata, oligochaete

186
Q

How do earthworms reproduce

A

Simultaneous sperm exchange
Eggs in clitellum
Clitellum makes cocoon for eggs that fertilizes and slides off + new worm born

187
Q

Is the clitellum always or only sometimes seen in earthworms?

A

Always seen in earthworms

188
Q

What would you classify leeches under?

A

Phylum annelida, class sedentaria - clitellata, hirudinidae

189
Q

Is the clitellum always visible in leeches?

A

No, only visible during reproduction

190
Q

How does the visibility of the clitellum differ in earthworms and leeches

A

Earthworms - clitellum always visible

Leeches - only visible during reproduction

191
Q

What lost their secondarily lost their setae, has true metamerism but a fixed number of segments, has posterior and anterior suckers, no septa but a coelom made of thick connective tissue and has a powerful pharynx used for blood sucking/carnivorous?

A

Leeches (annelida, sedentaria - clitellata, hirudinidae)

192
Q

What is an unranked type of peanut worms that is sometimes its own phylum?

A

Sipuncula

193
Q

What do you know about the unranked peanut worms sipuncula?

A

No segmentation and no setae

Ciliated introverted feeding tentacles

Trochophore larvae unites them with the greater lophotrochozoans

194
Q

What unites the sipuncula peanut worms with the lophotrochozoans ?

A

Trochophore larvae unites them with the greater lophotrochozoans

195
Q

Name the 5 key transitions for phylum annelida

A 
Organization - organ
Symmetry - bi-lateral
Body cavity eucoelomate
Development - triploblastic 
Segmentation - yes

Animal Diversity (9 decks)

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