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Animal Diversity > The Ecdyzozoans > Flashcards

The Ecdyzozoans Flashcards

1
Q

All of the ecdyzozoans do what? They all have one main trait

A

They all molt

Ecdysis

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2
Q

What type of phyletic group are the ecdyzoans?[

A

Monophyletic

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3
Q

What are the traits of the ecdyzozoans

A 
Protostome
Triploblast
Bilateral
No cilia
Exoskeleton w collagen or chitin - makes cuticle
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4
Q

The exoskeleton pf the ecdyzozoans is made of what? What feature does it make and whats it’s purpose?

A

Collagen or chitin
Makes cuticle

Protects + inflexible

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5
Q

What is ecdysis? Why does it happen?

A

Moulting of old cuticle to grow new one

Happens so animal can grow in size

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6
Q

Hookworms, intestinal roundworms (acaris)… why phylum do these guys belong to under the ecdyzozoans

A

Phylum nemtoidea

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7
Q

How do worms in phylum nemtoidea defende theselves against host?

A

Impenetrable cuticle

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8
Q

Infections from nemtoidea worms happen when they burrow into your skin or you consume the fertilized eggs. Give examples of each type

A 
Intestinal roundworms (acaris)
- hatch in intestine -> blood -> lungs > tracea -> re-swallowed -> mature once back in intestine

Hookworms

  • burrow into skin, blood suckers
  • hook into intestinal wall
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9
Q

Horse hair worms (because they’re long and slender) are under what phylum

A

Nematomorpha

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10
Q

What phylum does the semi-parasitic worm that penetrates insects in water as juvenile, grows inside their hemocoel, exites the insect and lives in the water as a free living adult?

(Parasitic in arhtropods/insects as juveniles but free living adults)

A

Phylum nematomorpha

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11
Q

What are the 5 key body transitions lf nematoda/nematomorpha

A 
Organ
Bilateral
Pseudocoelomate 
Triploblast protostomes ecdysozoa
No
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12
Q

Panathropods is not a phylum but is a grouping of three phylums under the protostomes ecdyzozoans. What are these 3 phylum under the panathropods?

(Arthur’s on tar)

A

Arthropod
Onychophora
Tardigrada

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13
Q

Panarthropoda have a key feature - their coelomic cavity and the blastocoel make…

A

HEMOCOEL = coelomic cavity + blastocoel

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14
Q

What is the hemocoel in panarthropoda? Do they have real blood?

A

Blood cavity
Blood pools over organs - open circulatory system

Not real blood
They have hemolymph
Blood mixed with coelomic cavity

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15
Q

What is hemolymph?

A

Blood + coelomic cavity fluid

In panarthropods

Hemocoel

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16
Q

What phylum do the velvet worms that live in tropical and subtropical leafy habitats belong to?

A

Onychophora

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17
Q

Phylum onychophora have a soft cuticle… what does this do?

A

Hyrdophobic - repels water

Gives velvety look

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18
Q

What trait connects the onychophora with the tardigrada?

A

Unjointed legs

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19
Q

What phylum to the water bears belong to?

A

Tartidgrada

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20
Q

What are some key features of tardigrada? Are the legs jointed or unjointed? How many? What’s the pharync like? Do they do anything special if conditions become unfavourable?

A

8 unjointed legs

Sucking pharynx
- eat plant juice

Cytobiosis
- go dormant when conditions not good

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21
Q

Why are animals in phylum tardigrada thought to be aliens?

A

Cytobiosis
Go dormant when conditions aren’t good
Survive vacuum of space, high radiation levels, dessication, heat, extreme cold

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22
Q

Why are arthropods so diverse ? 5 reasons

A
  1. Exoskeleton - made of chitin, protection + movement, flexible + lightweight
  2. segmentation + appendages
  3. Respiration —> metabolism
  4. Sense organs
  5. Metamorphosis
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23
Q

Arthropods have tagmata… what is tagmata

A

Group of appendages
Work together for common function

Head, thorax, abdomen

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24
Q

What are the 3 main parts that diffrentiate the arthropods into their different groups

A

Exoskeleton, segments and appendages

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25
Q

Horshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, scorpions, sea spiders… what subphylum under phylum arthropoda do these guys belong to?

A

Chelicerata

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26
Q

Arthropods - subphylum chelicerata have 2 tagmata… what are these 2 tagmata

A

Cephalothorax + abdomen

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27
Q

What kind of appendages do subphylum chelicerata have of phylum arthropoda?

A

Chelicerae + pedipalps

4 pairs of walking legs

No mandibles, no antennae

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28
Q

Do chelicerata animals have antennae? Give examples of these animals

A

No antennae

Spiders, sea spiders, horseshoe crab, ticks, scorpions

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29
Q

What subphylum of arthropods have 1 antennae and mandibles, and its where the centipedes and millipedes belong?

A

Myriapoda

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30
Q

What is the tagmata of the myriapoda?

A

Head and trunk

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31
Q

What are mandibles?

A

Appendages on head

Used for chewing

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32
Q

How many legs per segment to centipedes have? How about millipedes?

A

Centipedes - 1 pair of legs per segment

Millipedes - 2 pairs of legs on abdominal segment

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33
Q

What kind of appendages do myriapoda have? (Subphylum under phylum arthropoda)

A

Uniramous Appendages / one sided appendages

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34
Q

The only group to have two pairs of antennae are the…

A

Crustecea

35
Q

What kind of appendages to subphylum crustacea have under phylum arthropoda? which segments have appendages?

A

Biramous appendages.
- two branched appendages

Endopod + exopod

Generally - a pair of appendages on each segment

Think crabs + lobsters

36
Q

What is the body plan of crusteceans generally

A

Carapace

Tagmata = thorax, abdomen + head

37
Q

What is the carapace of crustaceans in their body plan?

A

Head + thorax segments

Chitinous exoskeleton

Dorsal side

38
Q

What is the tagmata of crustaceans? Do they have segments?

A

Head, thorax + abdomen

They all have segments

39
Q

What is each part of the tagmata of crustaceans used for?

A

Head = sensory + feeding

Thorax = moving + breathing (gills)

Abdomen = swimming

40
Q

What kind of circulatory system to curstaceans have?

A

Open circulatory system with hemocoel synaptomorphy

41
Q

What helps move hemolymph around the body of a crustecean

A

Limbs

42
Q

Hemolymph exited heart through…

Once it passes to hemocoel (body cavity + blood) it returns to heart through…

A

Exits through arteries

Returns through sinuses

43
Q

Do crustaceans have gills? If so where are they?

A

Yes, attached to appendages

44
Q

The excretory and osmoregulation of crustaceans happens in what type of glands?

A

Antennal glands

45
Q

What are 3 important internal form and function of crusteceans?

A

Open circulatory system

Gills

Antennal glands

46
Q

How has the sensory system in crustaceans improved?

A

More fused ganglia
- nerves going to mouth, appendages, esophagus, antennae glands

Median eyes and compound eyes

  • good at detecting motion + light
  • statocyst + tactile hairs
  • taste + smell
47
Q

Can crustaceans smell? What about taste?

A

Yes, they are chemosensory

48
Q

How do crustaceans reproduce?

A

Dieocious + internal fertilization

Most make eggs

Larval stages

49
Q

Explain how crustaceans feed using the following structures:

Maxillipeds
Maxillae + mandibles
Claws + walking legs

A

Maxillipeds = hold food

Maxillae + mandibles = shred + put in mouth

Claws + walking legs = capture food

50
Q

What are some examples of why crustaceans are ecologically important

A

Food chain + plankton

  • krill, shrimp, copepods
  • convert E from phytoplankton to larger zooplankton + vertebrates

Cleaner shrimp

Parasitic (tongue worms + fish louse)
Commercial - fisheries

51
Q

What are the Malacostraca crustaceans of phylum arthropoda?

IDEA

A

Isopods
Decapods
Euphausiacea
Amphipods

52
Q

What group of malacostraca crustaceans is D-V flattened, has no carapace (head + thorax), flat eyes and is mostly terrestrial species?

A

Isopods

53
Q

What group doesn’t have carapace but is laterally flattened? (Malacostraca crustaceans)

A

Amphipods

54
Q

What group of malacostraca crustaceans do krill belong to?

A

Euphausiacea

55
Q

What group of malacostraca crustaceans do lobsters, shrimp, crabs belong to? What are the features important this group?

A

Decapods

10 legs total (5 pairs)
First walking legs made into claw

56
Q

What subphylum of arthropoda have 6 legs and contain insects?

A

Hexapoda

57
Q

What is the tagmata of hexpoda?

A

3 tagmata = head + thorax + abdomen

58
Q

What kind of appendages do Hexapoda have?

A

Uniramous appendages

59
Q

Where are the wings and the three pairs of legs (6 total) found in class insects of subphylum hexapoda?

A

Thorax

60
Q

How many pairs of antennae do class insecta have?

A

One pair

61
Q

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms… describe the walking legs

A

Have terminal pads and claws

62
Q

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms… describe the hind legs

A

Enlarged for jumping

Grasshoppers

63
Q

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms… describe the paddles

A

For swimming insects

64
Q

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms… list the types of legs

A 
Walking
Hind
Paddles
Burrowing
Grasp prey
Collect pollen
65
Q

What is a parasitoid (class insects, subphylum hexapoda)

A

Kills host

Host is usually another insect

66
Q

What is an endoparasitoid? (Subphylum hexapoda, class insecta)

A

Hatch inside host
Eggs laid there by adult female
Feed + develop inside host

67
Q

What is an ectoparasitoid? (Subphylum hexapoda, class insecta)

A

Outside host
Feed through skin
Sucking out fluids

68
Q

What class and what is capable of flight?

A

Insecta

69
Q

Wings are not appendages, they are…

Subphylum hexapoda, class insecta

A

Extensions on cuticle on thorax

70
Q 
Different type of wings depending on the insect... what kind of wings would the following have
Flies
Common type
Beetles
Butterflies +moths
Grasshoppers
Lice, bed bugs, fleas..
A 
Flies = 2 wings
Common = membranous, thin
Beetles = thick, forewings
Butterfly + moths = scaley
Grasshoppers = parchment like
Lice, bed bugs etc = no wings
71
Q

Flight movement of insects is controlled by what structures?

A

Thorax + muscles connected directly and indirectly

72
Q

What is the circulatory system of insects like?

A

Tubular heart

Pumps hemolymph (no oxygen)

73
Q

What are spiracles that are seen in class insecta of subphylum hexapoda?

A

Open tracheal trunks

Valves that reduce water loss + dust filter

74
Q

How many spiracles are on the throax? How many on the abdomen?

A

2 on thorax, 7-8 on abdomen

75
Q

How does the tracheal system in insect work?

A

Spiracles -> trachea -> traceole -> cells

Cells always near traceole
Tubes/spiracles help bring air in

76
Q

Did the tracheal system of insects evolve from the arthropods group?

A

No, evolved independently

77
Q

How is water loss minimized among the insect’s traceal system?

A

Fluid is protected inside body, allowing O2 + CO2 transfer to happen across fluid barrier

No risk of evaporation

78
Q

Is class insecta or subphylum hexapoda dioecious or monoecious?

A

Dioecious

79
Q

How do insects reproduce?

A

Dioecious (m + f)

Internal fertilization
mate selection

Females lay eggs after fertilization

80
Q

Insect development: molt between each stage. What is holometabolous

A

Complete metamorphosis

Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult

Beetles, butterflies, flies (adults)
Grubs, caterpillars, maggots (larva)

81
Q

Insect development; molt between each stage. What is hemimtabolous

A

Incomplete metamorphosis

Egg -> nymph -> adult

Nymph don’t have the same level of features as adults (no wings)

Dragonflies, grasshoppers

82
Q

Which insect undergo direct developmeng

A

Early hexapods + silverfish

83
Q

Some Insects display eusociality… what is this

A

True social behaviour

  1. Reproductive division of labour
  2. Overlapping generations
  3. Cooperative care of young
84
Q

What are the 5 key body transitions of phylum arthropoda

A 
Organ
Bilateral
Eucoelomate
Triploblast - protostome - ecdyzozoa
Yes

Animal Diversity (9 decks)

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