The Ecdyzozoans Flashcards by Kiersten Runte

All of the ecdyzozoans do what? They all have one main trait

They all molt

Ecdysis

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What type of phyletic group are the ecdyzoans?[

Monophyletic

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What are the traits of the ecdyzozoans

Protostome
Triploblast
Bilateral
No cilia
Exoskeleton w collagen or chitin - makes cuticle

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The exoskeleton pf the ecdyzozoans is made of what? What feature does it make and whats it’s purpose?

Collagen or chitin
Makes cuticle

Protects + inflexible

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What is ecdysis? Why does it happen?

Moulting of old cuticle to grow new one

Happens so animal can grow in size

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Hookworms, intestinal roundworms (acaris)… why phylum do these guys belong to under the ecdyzozoans

Phylum nemtoidea

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How do worms in phylum nemtoidea defende theselves against host?

Impenetrable cuticle

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Infections from nemtoidea worms happen when they burrow into your skin or you consume the fertilized eggs. Give examples of each type

Intestinal roundworms (acaris)
- hatch in intestine -> blood -> lungs > tracea -> re-swallowed -> mature once back in intestine

Hookworms

burrow into skin, blood suckers
hook into intestinal wall

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Horse hair worms (because they’re long and slender) are under what phylum

Nematomorpha

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What phylum does the semi-parasitic worm that penetrates insects in water as juvenile, grows inside their hemocoel, exites the insect and lives in the water as a free living adult?

(Parasitic in arhtropods/insects as juveniles but free living adults)

Phylum nematomorpha

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What are the 5 key body transitions lf nematoda/nematomorpha

Organ
Bilateral
Pseudocoelomate 
Triploblast protostomes ecdysozoa
No

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Panathropods is not a phylum but is a grouping of three phylums under the protostomes ecdyzozoans. What are these 3 phylum under the panathropods?

(Arthur’s on tar)

Arthropod
Onychophora
Tardigrada

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Panarthropoda have a key feature - their coelomic cavity and the blastocoel make…

HEMOCOEL = coelomic cavity + blastocoel

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What is the hemocoel in panarthropoda? Do they have real blood?

Blood cavity
Blood pools over organs - open circulatory system

Not real blood
They have hemolymph
Blood mixed with coelomic cavity

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What is hemolymph?

Blood + coelomic cavity fluid

In panarthropods

Hemocoel

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What phylum do the velvet worms that live in tropical and subtropical leafy habitats belong to?

Onychophora

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Phylum onychophora have a soft cuticle… what does this do?

Hyrdophobic - repels water

Gives velvety look

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What trait connects the onychophora with the tardigrada?

Unjointed legs

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What phylum to the water bears belong to?

Tartidgrada

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What are some key features of tardigrada? Are the legs jointed or unjointed? How many? What’s the pharync like? Do they do anything special if conditions become unfavourable?

8 unjointed legs

Sucking pharynx
- eat plant juice

Cytobiosis
- go dormant when conditions not good

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Why are animals in phylum tardigrada thought to be aliens?

Cytobiosis
Go dormant when conditions aren’t good
Survive vacuum of space, high radiation levels, dessication, heat, extreme cold

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Why are arthropods so diverse ? 5 reasons

Exoskeleton - made of chitin, protection + movement, flexible + lightweight
segmentation + appendages
Respiration —> metabolism
Sense organs
Metamorphosis

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Arthropods have tagmata… what is tagmata

Group of appendages
Work together for common function

Head, thorax, abdomen

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What are the 3 main parts that diffrentiate the arthropods into their different groups

Exoskeleton, segments and appendages

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Horshoe crabs, spiders, ticks, scorpions, sea spiders... what subphylum under phylum arthropoda do these guys belong to?

Chelicerata

Arthropods - subphylum chelicerata have 2 tagmata... what are these 2 tagmata

Cephalothorax + abdomen

What kind of appendages do subphylum chelicerata have of phylum arthropoda?

Chelicerae + pedipalps 4 pairs of walking legs No mandibles, no antennae

Do chelicerata animals have antennae? Give examples of these animals

No antennae Spiders, sea spiders, horseshoe crab, ticks, scorpions

What subphylum of arthropods have 1 antennae and mandibles, and its where the centipedes and millipedes belong?

Myriapoda

What is the tagmata of the myriapoda?

Head and trunk

What are mandibles?

Appendages on head Used for chewing

How many legs per segment to centipedes have? How about millipedes?

Centipedes - 1 pair of legs per segment Millipedes - 2 pairs of legs on abdominal segment

What kind of appendages do myriapoda have? (Subphylum under phylum arthropoda)

Uniramous Appendages / one sided appendages

The only group to have two pairs of antennae are the...

Crustecea

What kind of appendages to subphylum crustacea have under phylum arthropoda? which segments have appendages?

Biramous appendages. - two branched appendages Endopod + exopod Generally - a pair of appendages on each segment Think crabs + lobsters

What is the body plan of crusteceans generally

Carapace Tagmata = thorax, abdomen + head

What is the carapace of crustaceans in their body plan?

Head + thorax segments Chitinous exoskeleton Dorsal side

What is the tagmata of crustaceans? Do they have segments?

Head, thorax + abdomen They all have segments

What is each part of the tagmata of crustaceans used for?

Head = sensory + feeding Thorax = moving + breathing (gills) Abdomen = swimming

What kind of circulatory system to curstaceans have?

Open circulatory system with hemocoel synaptomorphy

What helps move hemolymph around the body of a crustecean

Limbs

Hemolymph exited heart through... | Once it passes to hemocoel (body cavity + blood) it returns to heart through...

Exits through arteries Returns through sinuses

Do crustaceans have gills? If so where are they?

Yes, attached to appendages

The excretory and osmoregulation of crustaceans happens in what type of glands?

Antennal glands

What are 3 important internal form and function of crusteceans?

Open circulatory system Gills Antennal glands

How has the sensory system in crustaceans improved?

More fused ganglia - nerves going to mouth, appendages, esophagus, antennae glands Median eyes and compound eyes - good at detecting motion + light - statocyst + tactile hairs - taste + smell

Can crustaceans smell? What about taste?

Yes, they are chemosensory

How do crustaceans reproduce?

Dieocious + internal fertilization Most make eggs Larval stages

Explain how crustaceans feed using the following structures: Maxillipeds Maxillae + mandibles Claws + walking legs

Maxillipeds = hold food Maxillae + mandibles = shred + put in mouth Claws + walking legs = capture food

What are some examples of why crustaceans are ecologically important

Food chain + plankton - krill, shrimp, copepods - convert E from phytoplankton to larger zooplankton + vertebrates Cleaner shrimp Parasitic (tongue worms + fish louse) Commercial - fisheries

What are the Malacostraca crustaceans of phylum arthropoda? | IDEA

Isopods Decapods Euphausiacea Amphipods

What group of malacostraca crustaceans is D-V flattened, has no carapace (head + thorax), flat eyes and is mostly terrestrial species?

Isopods

What group doesn’t have carapace but is laterally flattened? (Malacostraca crustaceans)

Amphipods

What group of malacostraca crustaceans do krill belong to?

Euphausiacea

What group of malacostraca crustaceans do lobsters, shrimp, crabs belong to? What are the features important this group?

Decapods 10 legs total (5 pairs) First walking legs made into claw

What subphylum of arthropoda have 6 legs and contain insects?

Hexapoda

What is the tagmata of hexpoda?

3 tagmata = head + thorax + abdomen

What kind of appendages do Hexapoda have?

Uniramous appendages

Where are the wings and the three pairs of legs (6 total) found in class insects of subphylum hexapoda?

Thorax

How many pairs of antennae do class insecta have?

One pair

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms... describe the walking legs

Have terminal pads and claws

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms... describe the hind legs

Enlarged for jumping | Grasshoppers

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms... describe the paddles

For swimming insects

Class insecta have all kinds of varied leg forms... list the types of legs

``` Walking Hind Paddles Burrowing Grasp prey Collect pollen ```

What is a parasitoid (class insects, subphylum hexapoda)

Kills host Host is usually another insect

What is an endoparasitoid? (Subphylum hexapoda, class insecta)

Hatch inside host Eggs laid there by adult female Feed + develop inside host

What is an ectoparasitoid? (Subphylum hexapoda, class insecta)

Outside host Feed through skin Sucking out fluids

What class and what is capable of flight?

Insecta

Wings are not appendages, they are... | Subphylum hexapoda, class insecta

Extensions on cuticle on thorax

``` Different type of wings depending on the insect... what kind of wings would the following have Flies Common type Beetles Butterflies +moths Grasshoppers Lice, bed bugs, fleas.. ```

``` Flies = 2 wings Common = membranous, thin Beetles = thick, forewings Butterfly + moths = scaley Grasshoppers = parchment like Lice, bed bugs etc = no wings ```

Flight movement of insects is controlled by what structures?

Thorax + muscles connected directly and indirectly

What is the circulatory system of insects like?

Tubular heart Pumps hemolymph (no oxygen)

What are spiracles that are seen in class insecta of subphylum hexapoda?

Open tracheal trunks Valves that reduce water loss + dust filter

How many spiracles are on the throax? How many on the abdomen?

2 on thorax, 7-8 on abdomen

How does the tracheal system in insect work?

Spiracles -> trachea -> traceole -> cells Cells always near traceole Tubes/spiracles help bring air in

Did the tracheal system of insects evolve from the arthropods group?

No, evolved independently

How is water loss minimized among the insect’s traceal system?

Fluid is protected inside body, allowing O2 + CO2 transfer to happen across fluid barrier No risk of evaporation

Is class insecta or subphylum hexapoda dioecious or monoecious?

Dioecious

How do insects reproduce?

Dioecious (m + f) Internal fertilization mate selection Females lay eggs after fertilization

Insect development: molt between each stage. What is holometabolous

Complete metamorphosis Egg -> larva -> pupa -> adult Beetles, butterflies, flies (adults) Grubs, caterpillars, maggots (larva)

Insect development; molt between each stage. What is hemimtabolous

Incomplete metamorphosis Egg -> nymph -> adult Nymph don’t have the same level of features as adults (no wings) Dragonflies, grasshoppers

Which insect undergo direct developmeng

Early hexapods + silverfish

Some Insects display eusociality... what is this

True social behaviour 1. Reproductive division of labour 2. Overlapping generations 3. Cooperative care of young

What are the 5 key body transitions of phylum arthropoda

``` Organ Bilateral Eucoelomate Triploblast - protostome - ecdyzozoa Yes ```

The Ecdyzozoans Flashcards

(84 cards)