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Physiology Final > Test #1 > Flashcards

Test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of dendrites?

A

Transmits action potentials toward the cell body

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2
Q

What of the following is true of axons?

A

Originates at the axon hillock on the cell body

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a structural classification?

A

Motor Neuron

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4
Q

A bundle of axons in the CNS is called?

A

Tract

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5
Q

The myelin sheaths of PNS neurons are produced by?

A

Schwann Cells

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6
Q

The blood brain barrier results mostly from the action of ____, at type of glial cell.

A

Astrocytes

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7
Q

The membrane of resting nerve cells is more person to _______ ions than ____ ions.

A

Potassium, Sodium

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8
Q

Ion channels that open in response to depolarization are called?

A

Voltage gated channels

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9
Q

During an action potential?

A

Na+ influx causes depolarization

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10
Q

Which ion’s movements is responsible for repolarization?

A

Outward diffusion of K+

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11
Q

Action potentials would be conducted most rapidly by?

A

a 40 mm diameter myelinated axon

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12
Q

_____ synapses occur between axons of presynaptic cells and dendrites and postsynaptic cells.

A

Axodendritic

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13
Q

Neurotransmitter release would be inhibited by?

A

Blocking Ca2+ influx in the axon terminal

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14
Q

What of the following is NOT true of EPSP’s?

A

They have a refractory period

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15
Q

What action produces an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane?

A

opening of Cl- channels into the neuron

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16
Q

Destruction of the embryonic _____ will prevent formation of the nervous system.

A

Ectoderm

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17
Q

Which of the following is the correct list of the lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Insula, Occipital

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18
Q

Damage to the temporal lobe of the cerebrum would limit?

A

Hearing

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19
Q

Which type of EEG pattern in an awake adult is indicative of brain damage?

A

Delta Waves

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20
Q

During ______ sleep, dreams that can be recalled are most likely to occur.

A

REM

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21
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters is NOT associated with cerebral nuclei function?

A

Acetylcholine

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22
Q

Which area of the brain has shown to be involved in complex problem solving?

A

Prefrontal cortex

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23
Q

The majority of sensory information is relayed to the cerebrum by the ___?

A

Thalamus

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24
Q

Except for the sense of _____, all sensory information is relayed through the thalamus.

A

Smell

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25
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?
Controls motor coordination
26
The suprachiasmatic nuclei
All of the choices are correct
27
Visual reflexes would be impaired by damage to the?
Superior Colliculi
28
A cranial nerve with only sensory fibers is the?
Vestibulochoclear nerve
29
Which cranial nerve is vital for the functioning of the visceral organs?
Vagus
30
There are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ____ pairs of spinal nerves.
12, 31
31
Autonomic motor nerves do NOT innervate
Skeletal muscle
32
The autonomic nervous system
is not usually under conscious control
33
Where do autonomic postganglionic neurons originate?
Peripheral ganglia
34
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
Has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors
35
Cocaine is a ______ drug, meaning that it promotes sympathetic nerve effects.
Sympathomimetic
36
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system
utilizes acteylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter
37
____ is released by most postganglionic sympathetic nerves.
Norepinephrine
38
The second messenger mediating the effects of norepinephrine on the heart would be?
Increased cyclic AMP
39
Epinephrine is a
sympathomimetic hormone
40
All adrenergic receptors act via?
G proteins
41
M2 receptors in the heart?
decrease heart rate
42
Which of the following organs is dually innervated?
Urinary bladder
43
Which type of receptor responds to physical deformation of its cell membrane?
Mechanoreceptors
44
Cutaneous receptors respond to stimuli that are outside the body and are therefore also?
Exteroceptors
45
As the magnitude of a generator potential increases the ____ of action potentials in the sensory neuron increases.
Frequency
46
As _____ increases, the two point threshold decreases.
Receptor density
47
Sensations are sharpened via?
Lateral inhibition
48
Chemoreceptors that respond to chemical changes in the external environment are called?
Exteroceptors
49
Gustducin
Is related to transducin of the eye
50
Which taste modality involved membrane receptors that are coupled to G-proteins?
Umami
51
What extracellular ion is necessary for release of neurotransmitter for salty and sour tastes?
Ca2+
52
Which of the special sense is most closely linked with the limbic system?
Olfaction
53
The structures that function in equilibrium are known as the?
Vestibular apparatus
54
What characteristics does the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth have that is unusual?
It has a higher than normal concentration of K+
55
The cupula is part of the?
Semicircular canals
56
The hertz is a measure of?
Frequency
57
Vibrations in the stapes directly induce vibrations in the ?
Oval window
58
The scala vestibuli of the cochlea is filled with?
Perilymph
59
Which of the following is NOT part of the organ of Corti?
Vestibular membrane
60
Which of the following is NOT true of outer hair cells of the organ of Corti?
relay sound information by way of the vestibulochoclear nerve
61
Which of the following is the correct neural pathway for hearing?
Vestibulocochlear nerve, medulla oblongata, inferior colliculus, thalamus, temporal lobe
62
Sensory neurons ?
are psuedounipolar and carry impulses toward the CNS
63
Which division of the nervous system innervated involuntary effectors?
Autonomic nervous system
64
The myelin sheaths of CNS neurons are produced by?
Oligodendrocytes
65
Action potential transmission in the PNS is decreased if which cells are damaged?
Schwann cells
66
The average resting membrane potential of an axon is?
-70 mV
67
The minimum depolarization needed to open Na+ gates is called the ?
Threshold
68
What process is needed to return a membrane to its resting membrane potential with all ions in the correct locations?
Na+/K+ pump
69
The binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptor protein causes ion channels to open in the post-synaptic membrane. What type of gates are these?
Chemicaly-regulated gates and ligand-regulated gates
70
What is present at the axon hillock that allows the production of action potentials?
Voltage gated channels
71
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials are produced by?
Glutamic acid
72
The most common neurotransmitter in the brain is?
GABA
73
The function of _____ neurons is to link sensory stimuli with the appropriate motor responses.
Association
74
_______% of total blood flow to the body per minute foes to the brain.
15
75
What type of neurons are found in the precentral gyrus?
Upper motor neurons
76
A raised area on the cerebral cortex is a ?
Gyrus
77
Aphasias are most often associated with damage to ____ and ___ areas.
Broca's and Wernicke's
78
The conversion of short term memory to long term memory is called?
Memory consolidation
79
Knowing how to tie your shoes is an example of ____ memory.
Procedural
80
The _____ is involved in the improvement of memory when the memory has an emotional content.
Amygdala
81
Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus/
controls reactions to odors
82
Releasing and inhibiting hormones to the anterior pituitary are produced in the?
Hypothalamus
83
Ablation of the ____ in the midbrain would impair the ability to respond to sounds.
Inferior colliculi
84
The medulla oblongata?
Contrains numerous vital centers
85
Which of the following is NOT a vital function of the medulla oblongata?
Thirst control
86
Reflex arcs?
may have a single synapse
87
Somatic motor reflexes involve?
Contraction of skeletal muscles
88
The paravertebral and collateral ganglia are associated with the ____ division of the autonomic nervous system.
Sympathetic
89
What occurs when one sympathetic preganglionic neuron synapses on several postganglionic neurons?
Divergence
90
_____ ganglia are associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
Terminal
91
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
has terminal ganglia embedded in the visceral effectors
92
Bright light would stimulate regulation of pupil diameter through ____ nerves.
Parasympathetic
93
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?
utilizes acetylcholine as a preganglionic neurotransmitter
94
Which organ receives only sympathetic innervation?
All apply
95
Postganglionic ___ nerves release acetylcholine.
Parasympathetic
96
"Synapses en passant" refers to the fact that postganglionic autonomic neurons release neurotransmitter?
Along the length of the axon
97
Blocking B2 adrenergic receptors prevents airway?
Dilation
98
The medulla oblongata controls many autonomic activities through the?
Vagus Nerve
99
Damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following except?
Body position
100
Which type of receptor responds to physical deformation of its cell membrane?
Mechanoreceptors
101
The capsaicin receptor serves as both an ion channel and a receptor for the molecule in chili peppers that causes sensation of?
Heat and Pain
102
_____ is the perception of pain in a somatic location that is caused by damage to an internal organ and not by the activity somatic nociceptors.
Referred Pain
103
How many neurons conduct sensory impulses from the periphery to the postcentral gyrus?
Three
104
Which of the following are NOT types of tongue papillae?
Glossoform papillae
105
Which of the following is NOT part of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear?
Cochlea
106
The bending of the stereocilia of the organ of Corti opens membran channels that are permeable to mainly ___, which causes depolarization.
K+
107
Spatial summation?
occurs because of the convergence of many neurons on a single postsynaptic cell
108
Which poison inhibits glycine receptors?
Strychnine

Physiology Final (8 decks)

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