test 1, chapter 3

Question 1

priming

Answer 1

is the awaking or activating of certain associations - experience and past knowledge

Question 2

system 1

Answer 2

the intuitive, automatic, unconscious, and fast way of thinking. Also known as automatic processing

Question 3

system 2

Answer 3

the deliberate, controlled, conscious and slower way of thinking. Also known as controlled processing

Question 4

embodied cognition

Answer 4

the mutual influence of bodily sensations on cognition preferences and social judgement - our social cognition is embodied emotions spill in form the outside

Question 5

automatic processing

Answer 5

implicit thinking that is effortless, habitual and without awareness roughly corresponds to intuition also known as system 1

Question 6

controlled processing

Answer 6

explicit thinking that is deliberate, reflective and conscious, also known as system 2 - takes more work

Question 7

overconfidence phenomenon

Answer 7

the tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of one’s beliefs

Question 8

confirmation bias

Answer 8

a tendency to search for information that confirms one’s preconception

Question 9

heuristic

Answer 9

a thinking strategy that enables quick, efficient judgments - mental shortcuts

Question 10

representative heuristic

Answer 10

the tendency to presume, sometimes despite contrary odds, that someone or something belongs to a particular group if resembling (representing) a typical member

Question 11

availability heurestic

Answer 11

a cognitive rule that judges the likelihood of things in terms of their availability in memory. If instances of something come readily to mind, we presume it to be common place

Question 12

counterfactual thinking

Answer 12

imagining alternative scenarios and outcomes that might have happened, but didn’t

Question 13

illusory correlation

Answer 13

perception of a relationship where none exists, or perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists

Question 14

regression toward the average

Answer 14

the statistical tendency for extreme scores or extreme behavior to return toward their average

Question 15

belief perseverance

Answer 15

persistence of one’s initial conceptions, such as when the basis for one’s belief is discredited but an explanation of why the beliefs might be true survives

Question 16

misinformation effect

Answer 16

incorporating “misinformation” into ones memory of the event after one’s memory of the event after witnessing an event and receiving misleading information about it

Question 17

misattribution

Answer 17

mistaken’y attributing a behavior to the wrong source

Question 18

attribution theory

Answer 18

the theory of how people explain other’s behavior – for ex. by attributing it either to internal dispositions (enduring traits, motive, and attitudes) or external situations - our unconscious desire to understand what we experience how we explain the actions of others

Question 19

situational attrition

Answer 19

attributing behavior to the environment

Question 20

spontaneous trait inference

Answer 20

an effortless, automatic inference of a trait after exposure to someone’s behavior

Question 21

fundamental attrition error

Answer 21

the tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences upon other’s behavior - constantly doing this -

Question 22

behavioral confirmation

Answer 22

a type of self-fulfilling prophecy whereby people’a social expectations lead them to behave in ways that cause others to confirm their expectations

Question 23

actor observer bias

Answer 23

all you know is what you see