test 1 chapter 4 Flashcards
(14 cards)
attitude
feelings, often influenced by our beliefs that predispose us to respond favorably or unfavorably to objects, people and events
implicit association test (IAT)
a computer driven assessment of implicit attitudes. The test uses reaction times to measure people’s automatic associations between attitude objects and evaluative words. Easier pairings (and faster exposure) are taken to indicate stronger unconscious associations.
role
a set of norms that defines how people in a given social positions ought to behave
cognitive dissonance
tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of 2 inconsistent cognition’s. For example, dissonance may occur when we realize that we have, with little justification, acted contrary to our attitudes or made a decision favoring one alternative despite reasons favoring another.
selective exposure
the tendency to seek information and media that agree with one’s views and to avoid dissonant information
dissonance
we feel tension when 2 of our thoughts or beliefs are inconsistent
insufficient justification
reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one’s behavior when external justification is “insufficient”
self-perception theory
the theory that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them as would someone observing us - by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it occurs
facial feed back effect
the tendency of facial expressions to trigger corresponding feelings such as fear, anger, or happiness.
over-justification effect
the result of bribing people to do what they already like doing, they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing
self-affirmation theory
a theory that (a) people often experience a self-image threat after engaging in an undesirable behavior and (b) they can compensate by affirming another aspect of the self. Threaten people’s self-concept in one domain, and they will compensation either by refocusing or by doing good deeds in some other domain
self-presentation and impression management
can not go through life never caring, must care in certain situations
internalize explanation different than the external explanation
when attitudes predict behavior
minimal social influence, minimal situational influences, when attitudes are specific to behavior, when attitudes are salient or when we are aware of attitudes
when behavior predicts attitude
when we take on a new role, when we adapt what we’re saying to our audience, when we become desensitized to amoral acts– more likely to engage in more amoral acts – feel dislike for the person we hurt. when we choose a moral act – more likely to choose moral act again – more like others whom we help
