Test 1 neuro

Question 0

Collection of nerve cell bodies outside of cns?

Answer 0

Ganglion

Question 1

Cns- nucleus is ____ matter?

Tract is _____ matter?

Answer 1

Nuc is gray matter- collection of neuron cell bodies

Tract is white matter- collection of nerve fibers / connects nuclei

Question 2

Cervical spinal cord

Answer 2

Large amount of white matter….small amount of grey matter… Large and oval

Question 3

Thoracic spinal cord

Answer 3

Oval shaped… Sm thn cervical… Have lateral horns( part of autonomic ns)…

Question 4

Lumbar spinal cord

Answer 4

Largest amount of grey area since supplying efferently more muscles

Question 5

Anterior/posterior radicular arteries supply _____

Answer 5

Nerve roots

Question 6

Corticospinal tract origin

Answer 6

All motor areas…

Per motor , supplementary, primary motor cortices

Question 7

Corticospinal tract function

Answer 7

Fractionation of movement esp hand( lateral)

Control of neck shoulder nd trunk muscles( med)

Lateral Pathways control the activation of movement

Question 8

Where does corticospinal tract decussates?

Answer 8

Level of medulla

Question 9

Rubrospinal tract origin

Answer 9

Red nucleus of midbrain

Question 10

Rubrospinal tract projects to…

Answer 10

LMMs innervating upper limb flexors

Question 11

Rubrospinal tract decussates

Answer 11

In midbrain…

Descends through pons medulla and lateral spinal cord

Question 12

Corticobulbar tract origin

Answer 12

Arises in motor areas of cerebral cortex

Question 13

Corticobulbar tract projects to …

Answer 13

Cranial nuclei in brainstem

Question 14

Corticobulbar tract function

Answer 14

Facilitate LMNs innervating muscles of face, tongue, pharynx and larynx, traps and scm

Question 15

Lateral reticulospinal tract origin

Answer 15

Lateral reticular formation of brainstem

Question 16

Lateral reticulospinal tracts desends _______.

Answer 16

Bilaterally

Question 17

Lateral reticulospinal tracts receive input from?…

Answer 17

Cerebral cortex

Question 18

Lateral reticulospinal tract function.?…

Answer 18

Typically facilitates flexor muscles, while inhibiting extensor motor neurons( reversed for ambulation)

Question 19

Medial reticulospinal tract originates?.

Answer 19

Pontine reticular formation

Question 20

Medial reticulospinal tract function?

Answer 20

Facilitates ipsilateral LMNs innervating postural muscles and limb extensors

Wind Up and Throwing requires the reticulospinal tracts to be involved to coordinate activation deactivation of antigravity reflexes

Question 21

Vestibulospinal tract function

Answer 21

Responds to stimuli from the vestibular apparatus

Question 22

Lateral vs tract

Answer 22

Facilitates extensors and inhibits flexors

Question 23

Medial vs tract

Answer 23

Controls neck and upper back muscles

Question 24

Tectospinal tract origin

Answer 24

Midbrain ---- superior colliculus --- which receives direct input from the retina and projections from visual cortex

Question 25

Tectospinal tract function

Answer 25

Directs head movements toward novel visual and auditory stimuli Brain stem neurons send signals to keep the pitchers eyes in the target, while the head and body are in motion (vs and tectospinal tracts)

Question 26

Tectospinal tract course

Answer 26

Superior colliculus occipital lobe Crosses at tectobulbospinal junction Travels with vestibulospinal tract ending cervical region

Question 27

Pyramidal cells ... Two types

Answer 27

Betz in cns Dendritic spines Projects axons outside of it

Question 28

Stellate nonpyramidal

Answer 28

Mostly receives info from other cortical structures

Question 29

Aca supply

Answer 29

Medial surface frontal and parietal lobes

Question 30

Mca supply

Answer 30

``` Internal capsul Globus pallidus Putamen Caudate Lat ham ```

Question 31

Pca supply

Answer 31

Midbrain , occipital lobe, portions of medial and inferior temporal lobes

Question 32

•Go

Answer 32

–Motor cortex (area M1) sends executing signal to LMNs to perform the movement.

Question 33

•Set

Answer 33

–Supplementary and Premotor areas – movement strategies devised and held until executed

Question 34

Ready

Answer 34

–Depends on activation of parietal and frontal lobes (attention and alertness

Question 35

•Runner on first steals second – pitchers head turns toward new stimulus (what tract?....)

Answer 35

(Tectospinal Tract

Question 36

What cells are the only cells that carry output info for the cerebellar cortex

Answer 36

Perkinje

Question 37

GABA neurotransmitter is ______?

Answer 37

Inhibitory

Question 38

Superior cerebellar peduncle carries ______ infor from cerebellum... Whereas the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles carry _____.

Answer 38

Output Input

Question 39

``` •Tracts Interrupted –Ascending Spinothalamic –Descending Motor Tracts •Lateral Corticospinal •Medial Corticospinal •Rubrospinal •Reticulospinal •Vestibulospinal ``` What syndrome is this?

Answer 39

Anterior Issues diaphragm and down!

Question 40

•Typically see at Cervical Level –Spinothalamic Tract invloved as fibers cross at the level of lesion What syndrome ?

Answer 40

Central cord syndrome

Question 41

``` •Losses Ipsilateral to lesion –Loss of LMNs –All Sensations •Below Lesion –Voluntary motor control –Conscious Proprioception (Dorsal Column) –Discriminative Touch (Dorsal Column) ``` •Pain and Temperature lost Contralaterally (Spinothalamic Tract) Which syndrome?

Answer 41

Brown-sequard syndrome

Question 42

Choroid plexus produces?

Answer 42

Csf

Question 43

Brodmans area for somatosensory cortex

Answer 43

3 , 1 2

Question 44

Brodman s area for premotor cortex?

Answer 44

6

Question 45

Brodman s area for frontal eye fields

Answer 45

8

Question 46

Crossed extension circuit

Answer 46

When the reflex occurs the flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax, while in the other limb, the opposite occurs.

Question 47

Only type of neuron cell that projects cells outside of it?

Answer 47

Pyramidal

Question 48

What serves as a relay center for sensory input into the cerebellum?

Answer 48

Inferior olive