Test #2 Flashcards
(136 cards)
1
Q
M/C skeletal injury in childhood?
A
Clavicles fx
2
Q
Fxs that are frequent b/w ages of 20-40?
A
AC separation
Dislocation of the shoulder & clavicle fx
3
Q
Common fxs in elderly?
A
Fxs of humeral head & surgical neck
4
Q
Type of fx that is uncommon in childhood?
A
Rib fxs
5
Q
Ribs that are M/C fx?
A
4-9
6
Q
Type of Rib fx that shows up better on CT than xray?
A
Fxs at costovertebral junction & pos. aspect of ribs
7
Q
Weightlifters tend to fx which ribs?
A
2nd
8
Q
Throwing athletes tend to fx which rib?
A
stress fx at 1st rib
9
Q
Golfer’s & passion fx happen at which ribs?
A
4-9
10
Q
Cough (Post-tussive) causes fx at which ribs?
A
6-7 ant. ribs
11
Q
A person w/ one or more ribs w/ 2 fxs & isolated fragments move in opposite direction during respiration (paradoxical motion) suffer from what?
A
Flail chest
12
Q
Radiographic features of rib fxs?
A
Fx line Cortical offset Angular deformity Callus formation Extra-pleural sign
13
Q
Complication of rib fxs?
A
Pneumothorax or hemothorax
Contusion
Pneumonia
14
Q
M/C site of clavicle fx?
A
Middle portion
15
Q
Clavicle fx healing is often assoc. w/ what?
A
Exuberant callus formation
16
Q
Complications of clavicle fx?
A
Neurovascular damage Non-union Malunion post-traumatic osteolysis Degeneration arthritis
17
Q
Post-traumatic osteolysis starts as what?
A
Cystic rarefaction
18
Q
Most shoulder abnormalities are best identified on what type of view?
A
AP
19
Q
What 2 views are obtained for a shoulder at a minimum?
A
AP w/ int. rotation
AP w/ ext. rotation
20
Q
Type of view that shows pos. dislocation of shoulder well?
A
Grashey View
21
Q
Type of view that shows ant. & pos. relationships of shoulder?
A
Axillary view
22
Q
This view is AKA a “Y” view?
A
Scapular view
23
Q
Ant. shoulder dislocations go which direction?
A
Med. & inf.
24
Q
Pos. shoulder dislocation go which directions?
A
Sup. & lat
25
M/C dislocation in shoulder?
Anterior
26
M/C mechanism for ant. dislocation of the shoulder?
Adductor w/ external rotation
27
Type of mechanism that causes pos. shoulder dislocation?
Direct blow to shoulder, occasional falls, electrical shock, seizures
28
What two deformities are assoc w/ an ant. shoulder dislocation?
Hill-Sachs deformity & Bankart's lesion
29
What two signs are assoc. w/ a pos. shoulder dislocation?
Trough sign & Racquet sign
30
What is the avg. AC joint space?
2-4mm; shouldn't be a difference >2mm b/w sides
31
What's the avg. coracoclavicular space avg?
11-13mm; shouldn't be a difference >5mm b/w sides
32
M/C elbow fx in children?
Supracondylar fx
33
The distal fragmnet displaces which direction in a supracondylar fx?
Posteriorly
34
Type of fx usually avulsive from traction by flexor or extensor tendons or collateral ligs?
Epicondylar fx
35
Epicondylar fx is AKA?
Little Leaguer's elbow
36
Medial epicondyle separation is common in what?
Throwing sports before union of apophysis, 18-19yr of age
37
2nd M/C elbow fx in adults?
Olecranon process fx
38
Olecranon process fx is caused by what?
Direct trauma or acute flexion
39
Olecranon pocess fx is best visualized on what view?
Lateral
40
M/C fx of the elbow in the adult?
Radial head/neck fx
41
M/C cause of radial head/neck fx?
Fall on an outstretched hand resulting in impaction of radial head into capitellum
42
Incomplete vertical fx of radial head?
Chisel fx
43
A comminuted fx of the radial head w/ dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint?
Essex-Lopresti fx
44
M/C dislocation in children?
Elbow dislocation
45
3rd M/C dislocation in adults?
Elbow dislocation
46
Types of elbow dislocations that are M/C?
Pos. & posteriolateral
47
What % of forearm fx involve both bones?
~60%
48
Forearm fxs occur most often in which part of the shaft?
Middle 1/3rd
49
Fx of distal ulnar shaft; AKA nightstick fx
Parry Fx
50
Fx of the prox. ulna w/ ant. dislocation of prox. radius
Monteggia Fx
51
Fx of radius at junction of middle & distal 1/3rd w/ dislocation at teh distal radioulnar joint; AKA as Piedmont or Reversed Monteggia
Galeazzi Fx
52
Fx of the distal radius approx 2-3.5 cm from articular surface w/ pos. angulation of the distal fragment. >60% have a fx of ulnar styloid
Colles' fx
53
M/C mechanism of Colles' fx?
Falling on outstretched hand
54
Deformity assoc. w/ Colle's fx?
Dinner-fork deformity
55
Characteristics of Colles' fx?
```
Usually comminuted transverse fx
Cortical overlap
Decreased length of radius
Pos. angulation of distal fragment
Altered pronator quadratus fat line
```
56
Colles' fx plus fractured ulnar styloid & dislocation of distal radioulnar joint is what type of fx?
Moore's fx
57
Fx of the distal radius approx. 2-3.5cm from the articular surface w/ ant. angulation of distal fragment; AKA Reverse Colles
Smith fx
58
M/C mechanism of Smith fx?
Fall w/ wrist forced into flexion or direct blow
59
Fx of pos. rim of distal radius w/ pos. displacement of the carpus
Barton (Rim) Fx
60
M/C mechanism for Barton (Rim) Fx?
Falling on out stretched hand
61
Fx of ant. rim of distal radius w/ ant. displacement of the carpus
Reverse Barton fx
62
Fx of radial styloid; transverse or oblique fx line; avulsion or impaction; AKA Backfire, Hutchinson
Chauffeurs Fx
63
M/C fx of wrist b/w ages of 6-10; caused by longitudinal force; AKA Buckle fx
Torus Fx
64
M/C fx carpal bone
Scaphoid fx
65
Scaphoid fx are M/C in what age group?
Young adults (15-40)
66
Mechanism for a scaphoid fx?
FOOSH w/ radial flexion
67
Scaphoids are common locations for what type of fx?
Occult fx
68
Complications of scaphoid fx?
AVN, non-union, instability, DJD
69
2nd M/C fx'ed carpal bone?
triquetrum
70
Routine series for wrist?
PA, wrist oblique, PA ulnar deviated, Lateral
71
Percentage that fx crosses each area of scaphoid?
Waist - 70-80%
Prox. pole -15-20%
Distal pole & tubercle - 5-10%
72
AVN & non-union is M/C in fxs that involve what part of scaphoid?
Prox. pole
73
Procedure of choice in demonstrating subtle fx of carpals & complications?
MRI
74
Avulsion fx that involves the radiocarpal lig; AKA Fischer fx
Triquetrum Fx
75
Usually d/t hyperextension injury; M/C carpal to dislocate ant.; assoc w/ Pie sign
Lunate dislocation
76
This is assoc. w/ the ring sign or terry thomas sign
Rotary subluxation of the scaphoid (scapholunate dissociation)
77
Intra-articular fx thru base of 1st metacarpal; dorsal & radial displacement of the shaft; tends to go through the articular surface
Bennett fx
78
Tear or complete rupture of ulnar collateral lig.; may see an avulsed fragment
Gamekeeper's fx AKA Ski pole fx
79
Mechanism of Gamekeeper's fx?
Abduction & extension
80
Fx in head/neck of the 2nd or 3rd metacarpal
Boxer fx
81
Fx in head/neck of the 4th or 5th metacarpal
Bar Room fx
82
Extensor tendon avulsion
Mallet Finger
83
Avulsion fx around the PIP, not the DIP
Volar Plate fx
84
These fxs are caused by abnormal degree of repetitive trauma, muscle imbalances, or altered biomechanics
Stress fxs
85
Signs & symptoms of stress fxs?
Pain w/ activity relieved w/ rest; swelling & tenderness
86
Radiographic signs of stress fxs?
Periosteal response, fx line, & transverse opaque bands
87
Stress fxs are best detected by what?
MRI or SPECT scans
88
DDX for stress fxs?
osteomyelitis, osteoid osteoma, growth arrest lines, osteosarcoma
89
M/C area for stress fxs?
Pars inticularis or metatarsals
90
When is a pelvic fx considered stable?
If the pelvic ring is not separated into two pieces
91
Type of stable pelvic fx that is a fx of the iliac wing caused by a lat. force, direct blow
Duverny's Fx
92
An avulsion fx of the ASIS is assoc w/ which muscle?
Sartorius
93
An avulsion fx of the AIIS is assoc w/ which muscle?
Rectus femoris
94
An avulsion fx of the ischial tuberosity is assoc w/ which muscle?
Hamstring
95
Ischial tuberosity avulsion fxs are assoc w/ which type of athletes?
hurdlers, gymnasts, cheerleaders
96
Sup. & inf. pubic ramus fx w/ a fx near or separation of the ipsilateral SI joint
Malgaigne Fx
97
Sup & inf pubic ramus fx w/ a fx or separation of the contralateral SI joint
Bucket-handle fx
98
Bilateral sup. pubic rami & ischiopubic fxs
Straddle Fx
99
Type of force that causes a malgaigne fx?
Vertical, shearing force
100
Type of force that causes a bucket handle fx?
Oblique or torquing
101
Separation of the pubic symphysis & both SI joints?
Sprung Pelvis AKA Open book fx
102
Central acetabular fx
Explosion Fx
103
Posterior acetabular rib fx
Dashboard Fx
104
M/C dislocation of hip?
Posterior dislocation of hip
105
Where is the femoral head displaced in a pos. dislocation of hip?
Sup. & lat.
106
Where is femur head displaced in relation to acetabulum in an anterior dislocation of hip?
Inferiorly & medially
107
M/C cause of anterior dislocation of hip?
Sciatic nerve paralysis
108
Hip fxs are M/C in which gender?
Females
109
M/C type of hip fxs?
Intracapsular (subcapital are M/C intracapsular type)
110
Subtrochanteric fx suggests what?
Bone pathology
111
Line of mensuration that runs along the medial aspect of neck of femur; should be smooth
Shenton's Line
112
Line of mensuration that runs straight through the fovea or below it
Skinner's Line
113
Femoral Angle line shows what?
Coxa Vera/Valgus
114
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis is AKA what?
adolescent coxa vara, epiphyseolisthesis
115
What age & gender does it affect?
10-15yr; males
116
What is the M/C disorder of the adolescent hip?
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
117
What are the causes of SCFE?
Idiopathic
Traumatic incident
Being obese & inactive
118
Line of mensuration that is specific for SCFE
Klein's line
119
M/C complication of SCFE
avascular necrosis
120
CAM type of femoral acetabular impingement has the problem w/ what?
Problem is w/ the femur
121
Pincher type of femoral acetabuler impingement problem is w/ what?
Problem is w/ the acetabulem
122
Med. or lat. tibial plateau fx from a severe varus or valgus stress
Bumper (fender) fx
123
Avulsion of the lat. tibia at the insertion of the tensor fascia lata (assoc. w/ Gerdy's tubercle)
Segond Fx
124
Proximal tibial metaphysis in children aged 2-10
Trampoline Fx
125
Distal diaphyseal or metaphyseal spiral fx of the tibia & fibula in an adult
Boot-top fx (Skier's fx)
126
Keger's Fat is assoc. w/ what injury?
Ankle trauma
127
Ankle Fx classification
Unimalleolar
Bimalleolar
Trimalleolar
Complex
128
Distal fibula fx 6-7cm above the malleolus w/ disruption of the distal tibiofibular lig.
Pott's Fx
129
Distal fibula fx 6-7cm above the malleolus, disrupted distal tibiofibular lig., diastasis, lat. talus dislocation, up-&-out foot displacement
Dupuytren's Fx
130
Prox. fibula fx owing to an inversion & external rotation injury of the ankle
Maissoneuve's fx
131
Bohler's Angle indicates what type of fx?
Calcaneal fx
132
M/C fx bone in foot
Calcaneus
133
Fx through the neck of the talus
Aviator's fx
134
Avulsion fx of the styloid of the 5th metatarsal base
Jones' fx AKA Dancer's fx
135
Phalangeal fx from striking an object
Bedroom fx
136
Dorsal dislocation of the metatarsal bases w/ assoc. fx
Lisfranc's fx (dislocation)
