Test #2 Flashcards
(290 cards)
1
Q
Is the aorta retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?
A
Retroperitoneal
2
Q
where does the aorta extend from and to?
A
extends from the left ventricle of the heart to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries
3
Q
where does the aorta begin in the abdominal portion?
A
2.5 cm above the transphyloric line at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm (T12)
4
Q
what are the branches of the abdominal aorta?
A
- Celiac trunk
- SMA
- L/R Suprarenal arteries
- L/R renal arteries
- L/R gonadal arteries
- Lumbar arteries
- IMA
- Branches into L/R common iliac arteries
- Median sacral artery
5
Q
Where is the L/R suprarenal arteries located?
A
same level as SMA
6
Q
What comes off the celiac trunk?
A
- Left gastric artery
- Common hepatic artery
- Splenic artery
7
Q
what are the unpaired visceral branches of the aorta?
A
Celiac trunk
SMA
IMA
8
Q
What are the paired visceral branches of the aorta?
A
Suprarenal arteries
Renal arteries
Gonadal arteries
9
Q
what do the visceral branches of the aorta supply to?
A
organs of the abdominal cavity
10
Q
What does the parietal branches of the aorta supply to?
A
the abdominal wall
11
Q
what is the anterior branch of the aorta?
A
celiac trunk
12
Q
what level is the celiac trunk at?
A
L1
13
Q
What are the branches of the celiac trunk?
A
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
14
Q
where does the left gastric artery course?
A
superior and left lateral
15
Q
What does the left gastric artery supply to?
A
the lesser curvature of the stomach
16
Q
True or false, the left gastric artery is anastomoses with the right gastric artery?
A
true
17
Q
where does the left splenic artery course?
A
travels left towards the splenic hilum
18
Q
What does the left splenic artery supply?
A
spleen, pancreas, stomach, and greater omentum
19
Q
what does the left splenic artery form?
A
the superior border of the pancreas
20
Q
is the Left splenic artery visualized?
A
yes, it is tortuous
21
Q
where does the common hepatic artery course?
A
horizontally to the right
22
Q
What does the common hepatic artery branch into?
A
- Gastroduodenal artery
- proper hepatic artery
- right gastric artery
23
Q
Where does the GDA course?
A
Inferiorly
24
Q
Where is the GDA used as a landmark?
A
used as landmark in the head of the pancreas
25
where does the GDA supply?
the liver by branching into the right and left hepatic arteries
26
what does the Right gastric artey supply to?
Medial aspect of the stomach
27
true or false, the right gastric artery is anastomoses with the left gastric artery?
true
28
What level is the SMA located?
L1 (just below the transpyloric line)
29
which way does the SMA course?
anteroinferorly
30
what does the SMA supply?
- small intestine
- caecum and ascending colom
- most of transverse colon
31
what part of the aorta does the renal arteries branch off?
lateral part of the aorta
32
Where is the SMA located?
L2 level
33
where does the Right Renal Artery run compared to the IVC?
RRA runs posterior to IVC
34
Compare the location of SMA, Left renal vein, and splenic vein
SMA is anterior to the LRV and posterior to splenic vein (look at pic on powerpoint)
35
Where are the gonadal arteries?
just inferior to the renal vessels (lower level of L2)
36
Where do the gonadal arteries descend along?
psoas muscle, over the external iliac vessels
37
What do the gonadal arteries supply in males and females?
male-goes through inguinal ring to enter spermatic cord on way to testes
female-into the pelvic cavity and continue on the suspensory ligament to supply the ovary
38
Are the gonadal arteries visualized?
not readily
39
paired or unpaired aortic branches supply the posterolateral abdominal walls?
paired
40
What level does the aorta bifurcate?
L4
41
What level does the bifurcation of the aorta divide into internal and external iliac arteries?
L5-S1
42
What does the internal iliac arteries supply?
the wall and the viscera of the pelvis, perineum, and gluteal region
43
What does the external arteries supply?
Continuous with the femoral artery and supplies lower limb
44
whats the landmark of the celiac trunk to the pancreas?
superior to the pancreas
45
Where is GDA to the pancreas?
head of pancreas
46
Where is the SA compared to the Pancreas?
Superior to pancreas
47
Where is the SMA compared to the pancreas?
Inferior to pancreas
48
Where do the R/L common iliac veins join to form the the IVC?
anterior to the L5 vertebral body
49
Where does the IVC go in relation to the liver
posterior to the liver
50
Where does the IVC pass through the diaphragm?
T8 before draining into the lower part of the right atrium
51
Where does the IVC lie in relation to the aorta?
slightly right
52
What level is the IVC posterior to the aorta?
L5
53
is the IVC retro or intraperitoneal?
retro
54
What is the IVC anterior to?
the right psoas muscle, RRA, and right suprarenal gland
55
what is the IVC posterior to?
superior mesenteric vessels, pancreatic head, and the horizontal (3rd) part of the duodenum
56
what are the lumbar veins?
4-5 pairs of vessels that collect blood from the muscles and skin of the posterior abdominal wall
57
Where do the left and right gonadal veins drain?
Ascends retroperitoneally
Right-opens directly into the IVC
Left-drains into the left renal vein
58
what level are the renal veins located?
2nd lumbar vertebrae
59
do the renal veins run posterior or anterior to the renal arteries
anterior
60
Where are the renal veins located?
few centimeters superior to gonadal veins at L2 vertebral level.
61
are the renal veins anterior or posterior to the renal arteries?
anterior
62
LRV
- drains left kidney
- receives the left suprarenal vein and left gonadal vein before emptying into the IVC
- LRV passes anteriorly to aorta just inferior to the origin of SMA
63
RRV
- drains right kidney
- slightly inferior to the LRV because the right kidney is lower than the left
- RRV IS SHORTER AND NARROWER THAN LRV
- Passes posterior to the second part of the duodenum
64
where does the right supernal vein empty?
directly into the posterior aspect of the IVC
65
where does the left suprarenal vein empty?
into the left renal veins
66
which suprarenal vein is shorter?
right suprarenal vein is shorter than the left
67
what is the role of the hepatic veins?
drain blood from the liver
68
what does the central veins of the liver lobules collect?
blood from the intralobular venous sinusoids
69
What do the central veins merge to form?
right, middle and left hepatic veins
70
where do the hepatic veins exit?
from the posterior surface of the liver and empty directly into the IVC.
71
What does the hepatic portal system drain?
all of the nutrient rich blood from the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and spleen
72
where does the blood in the hepatic portal system deliver?
to the liver to be processed via the portal vein
73
all blood must pass through what before entering the IVC?
must pass through the liver
74
IMV=________
Splenic vein
75
SMV + Splenic Vein =______
Hepatic portal vein
76
Hepatic Portal Vein =________
LT & RT Portal Veins
77
LT & RT Portal Veins=__________=___________
continual branching=sinusoids in liver lobule
78
Blood travels to central veins of the _______
sinusoids
79
Central veins=________=________
hepatic veins=IVC
80
what makes up the portal triad?
1. Portal vein
2. Hepatic artery
3. Bile Duct
81
what does the superior mesenteric vein drain?
- small intestine
- cecum
- Ascending colon
- transverse colon
82
where does the SMV go?
ends behind the neck of the pancreas where it joins the splenic vein to form the hepatic portal vein
83
What does the Inferior Mesenteric Vein drain?
- Descending colon
- Sigmoid colon
- rectum
84
Where does the IMV empty?
into the splenic vein posterior to pancreatic body.
85
What does the splenic vein drain?
- Spleen
| - Pancreas
86
where does the splenic vein travel?
travels posterior to the pancreas, joins SMV posterior to pancreatic neck to form hepatic portal vein
87
The IMV drains into the ______
Splenic vein
88
what vessels form to make the portal confluence?
splenic vein and SMV
89
what cavity is closed to the exterior?
serous (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)
90
what does the serous membrane do?
secrete a serous fluid that lubricates the surfaces of membranes, reducing friction
91
what is the peritoneum?
thin membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity and covers the organs or cavity
92
what supports the viscera ad provides a pathway for blood vessels and lymph?
peritoneum
93
is the peritoneal cavity open or closed in males?
closed
94
is the peritoneal open or closed in females?
open. uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
95
what is the rectouterine pouch?
in females! peritoneum over the anterior surface of the rectum extends to the uterus
96
what is the vesicouterine pouch?
in females! the peritoneum over the anterior surface of the rectum extends to the uterus then over the uterus anteriorly to the bladder
97
What is the rectovesical pouch?
in males! The peritoneum extends from the upper anterior portion of the rectum, to the bladder
98
What is a cul-de-sac?
??????
99
what is mesentery?
A fused double layer of peritoneum that encloses the intestine
100
what is the function of mesentery?
- attach the intraperitoneal structures in the abdominal cavity to the abdominal wall (suspends organs in abdominal cavity)
- Serves as a conduit for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves
101
Where is the mesentery?
suspensory portion of double layered peritoneum in between the parietal wall of the abdominal cavity and the intestine.
102
What is a omenum?
a “mesentery”, or double layer of peritoneum, that is attached to the stomach
103
describe the greater omentum?
- A fold of peritoneum that descends from the greater curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum
- Folds back up and attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon
104
Describe the lesser omentum
A fold of peritoneum that goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver
105
what is fat deposition?
acts as a fat storage area
106
What is the immune contribution of the greater omentum?
`-collections of marcophages
| -eats bacteria and dead cells (phagocytosis)
107
where is the lesser omentum?
goes from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver
108
what ligaments does the lesser curvature form?
Forms hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments
109
What is another name for Foramen of Winslow
epiploic foramen
110
where does the greater sac go?
extends from the diaphragm to the pelvic cavity
111
what is another name for the greater omentum?
abdominopelvic cavity
112
what is another name for lesser sac?
omental bursa
113
what is the epiploic foramen? (Foramen of winslow)
passageway between the greater and lesser sacs to allow for communication between these 2 spaces (allows passage of vessels and nerves)
114
what is the difference between the Peritoneum, Mesentery, and omenta?
Peritoneum- : thin single continuous serous membrane that lines cavities
Mesentery-double layer of peritoneum that suspends intestines from the abdominal wall.
Omenta-double layer of peritoneum that connects the stomach to other viscera.
115
what are peritoneal ligaments?
double fold of peritoneum that connects viscera together or connects viscera to the abdominal wall
116
Basically anything that is not a mesentery or omentum is considered ___________
peritoneal ligament
117
what are the 3 parts of the greater omentum?
-Gastrophrenic ligament=to diaphragm
-Gastrosplenic ligament=to spleen
-Gastrocolic ligament=duodenum and trans. colon
ALL OF GREATER CURVATURE
118
what are the 2 parts of the lesser omentum?
- Hepatogastric ligament=lesser curv. to liver
| - Hepatoduodenal ligament=liver to duodenum
119
what does the falciform ligament divide?
liver into right and left lobes
120
where does the falciform ligament attach?
Attaches the anterosuperior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm
121
describe the Ligamentum Teres (aka Round Ligament)
- Obliterated remnant of the left umbilical vein
- Originating from the free edge of the falciform ligament and extending to the umbilicus
122
where does the Coronary ligament attach?
Attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm
123
what does the coronary ligament consist of?
Consists of two layers of peritoneum which are separated from each other by a space equal to the size of the bare area of the liver
124
what are the Lt and Rt triangular ligaments?
where the layers of the coronary ligament meet to the left and right respectively
125
what type of structures are not located in the peritoneal cavity?
retroperitoneal cavity organs
126
what type of structures are surrounded by visceral peritoneum?
intraperitoneal cavity organs
127
whats the acrinum used for the retroperitoneal structures?
SAD PUCKER
128
where is the liver located?
Rt hypochondriac region and epigastric and touches left hypochondriac
129
which way does the liver move as it moves more to the left?
anteriorly
130
which parts of the liver follow the diaphragm?
Superior surface, anterior surface and a portion of the posterior surface
131
what does the posterior liver snug up against?
the bony lumbar region and the posterior muscular abdominal wall
132
which side of the liver has depressions?
Inferior/Viseral surface
133
True or false, the entire liver is covered in peritoneum?
false, the "bare area" on the posterior surface
134
why is there no peritoneum on the bare area?
it is in direct contact with the diaphragm
135
what is the subphrenic recess?
Peritoneal space that separates the liver from the diaphragm
136
what is the subhepatic space?
Inferior to the anterior half of the visceral surface of the liver
137
what is another name for the Hepatorenal recess?
Morisons pouch
138
what is the Hepatorenal recess
Located between the posterior half of the visceral surface of the liver, and the anterosuperior border of the right kidney
139
is the inferior surface of the liver in a horizontal plane?
no, lies at 45 degrees
140
anterior portion of the liver is more _______
inferior
141
posterior portion of the liver is more ______
superior
142
what are the indentations on the Rt side of the liver?
```
Hepatic flexure (colon)
Right kidney
Adrenal gland
Duodenum
Gallbladder
```
143
What are the indentations on the Lt side of the liver?
Gastric
| Esphageal
144
what are the indentations on the posterior surface of the liver?
Groove for IVC
145
portal veins
Returns nutrient rich blood from spleen, pancreas and intestines
146
Hepatic veins
drains flow into IVC
147
Hepatic artery
supplies oxygen rich blood to liver from celiac trunk/aorta
148
Hepatic ducts
Carry the bile
149
Ligaments
Secure and support liver
150
Fissures
Anatomical divisions
151
what is the purpose of the liver?
The Liver receives and takes up nutrients and other molecules that are absorbed from the intestines before the blood is returned to the heart via the IVC.
152
the portal veins are nutrient _________rich and oxygen ______
nutrient rich
| oxygen poor
153
hepatic arteries are nutrient ________ and oxygen __________
nutrient poor
| oxygen rich
154
what does the portal veins divide?
divide the liver into superior and inferior portions
155
what are the 2 names of things that divide the liver into Rt and Lt lobes?
- Main lobar Fissue (surgically){cantlies's line}
| - falciform ligament (anatomically)
156
which line is cantlie's line?
Main lobar Fissure (surgically)
157
where is the caudate lobe?
- medial to the IVC
- Lateral to the Left Lobe
- Posterior to the Porta Hepatis
158
where is the Quadrate lobe?
- Anterior to the Porta Hepatis
- Medial to the Gall Bladder
- Lateral to the Fissure for the Ligamentum Teres
159
the left lobe is divided into _______
medial and lateral lobes
160
the right lobe is divided into _____________
anterior and posterior portions
161
what line is the right lobe located?
along the Rt midaxillary line from the 7th-11th ribs
162
what is the smallest lobe?
caudate lobe
163
what is the anterior boundary of the caudate lobe?
Lt portal vein
164
what is the posterolateral boundary of the caudate lobe?
IVC
165
what is the anterior boundary of the quadrate lobe?
anterior margin of liver
166
what is the posterior boundary of the quadrate lobe?
porta hepatis
167
what is the right boundary of the quadrate lobe?
gall bladder fossa
168
What is the left boundary of the Quadrate lobe?
Fossa for ligamentum teres
169
what does the falciform ligament connect?
connects liver anteriorly to diaphragm
170
what does the ligamentum teres connect?
connects to the umbilicus
171
what connects the Right and Left Anterior and Posterior Coronary Ligaments?
connects liver to the diaphragm
172
what connects Right and Left Triangular Ligaments?
connect liver to the diaphragm
173
what ligament surrounds the bare area?
Coronary ligament
174
where does the ligamentum Venosum travel?
Runs from the porta hepatis of the liver and then reaches the IVC
175
What does the ligamentum Venosum separate?
separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe
176
what is in the left arm of the 'H' ?
- Fissure for the Ligamentum Venosum & Ligamentum Teres
- Left lobe is to the left of this line
- Caudate & Quadrate lobes are to the right
177
What is in the right arm of the 'H' ?
- IVC & Gall Bladder
- Right lobe is to the right of this line
- Caudate & Quadrate lobes are to the left
178
what is in the crossbar of 'H' ?
- Porta Hepatis (portal vein, hepatic artery & hepatic duct
- Caudate lobe is above this line (posterior)
- Quadrate lobe is below this line (anterior)
179
where is the Porta Hepatis?
Enclosed in the free margin (or unattached edge) of the lesser omentum
180
where is the gallbladder located?
Usually on the inferior and medial aspect of the right lobe and lateral to the quadrate lobe
181
What is the gallbladder divided into?
- fundus
- body
- neck
182
what part of the gallbladder is fixed to the liver?
the neck
183
what is another name for the infundibulum?
Hartmanns pouch
184
what is Hartmann's pouch?
A mucosal fold or slight outpouching located in the area of the neck of the gallbladder
185
where's a common location for gallstones to become lodged?
hartmann's pouch
186
Why do we divide the liver into 8 sections?
- provides the basis for surgical resection
| - diagnostic designation of lesions on ultrasound and CT
187
what veins divide the liver?
hepatic veins and portal veins
188
why can each segment be separated without damaging the others?
each segment has its own blood supply
189
In the center of each segment there is a branch of:
- portal vein
- Hepatic artery
- Bile duct
190
In the periphery of each segment there is:
vascular outflow through hepatic veins
191
What is located in the 1st segment?
caudate lobe
192
What is located in the 2 and 3 segment?
lateral left lobe
193
What is located in the 4 segment?
medial left lobe divided into 4a (superior) and 4b (inferior)
194
What is located in the 5 and 8 segment?
anterior right lobe
195
What is located in the 6 and 7 segment?
posterior right lobe (not seen anteriorly)
196
what veins divide the liver into upper and lower portions?
portal veins
197
what divides the right lobe of the liver into anterior and posterior sections?
right hepatic veins
198
what divides the liver into Rt and Lt lobes or hemilivers?
main hepatic vein
199
what divides the left lobe of the liver into medial and lateral sections?
left hepatic vein
200
what is the role of the hepatic veins?
drains blood from segments and lobes of the liver into the IVC
201
where are the hepatic veins located?
interlobar and intersegmental
202
what level are you at if you can see the hepatic veins connecting to the IVC
the top of the liver (can see segments 1, 2, 4a, 7, 8
203
what level are you at in the liver if you can see the left portal vein?
further down the liver, not yet reached segments 5 or 6 because there more inferior. (can see segments 1, 2/3, 4a/b, 7, 8)
204
What level are you at in the liver if you can see the right portal vein?
further down the liver (can see 1, 3, 4b, 5/8, 6/7)
205
what level are we at in the liver if we can see the pancreas, SV, PV, and Kidney)
furthest down the liver (see segments 3, 4b, 5, 6)
206
What is the Gastrointestinal Tract composed of?
- mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- stomach
- small and large intestine
207
where does the esophagus begin and end?
starts at the cricoid cartilage and goes to the stomach
208
where does majority of the esophagus sit?
in the thoracic cavity
209
where does the esophagus sit in the thoracic cavity?
between the aorta and IVC (T10)
210
what is it called when the esophagus pierces through the diaphragm at T10
esophageal hiatus
211
what part of the esophagus is continuous with the lesser curvature of the stomach?
the right margin
212
What seperates the left margin from the fundus?
cardiac notch
213
Terminal portion lies in a groove in the left portion of the liver and enters the stomach at the ________
Cardiac Orifice
214
what does EGJ stand for?
Esophageal Gastric Junction
215
what slows passage of food into the stomach and prevents reflux?
Lower esophageal sphincter at the cardiac orifice
216
lesser curvature directed?
directed medially and superiorly
217
greater curvature directed?
directed laterally and inferiorly
218
what are the regions of the stomach?
-cardia
-fundus
-Body
-Pylorus
.antrum
.canal
219
what supplies lesser curvature and part of fundus?
Lest gastric artery
220
what supplies lateral fundus via short gastric arteries. Supplies greater curvature via left gastro-epiploic artery?
Splenic artery
221
what Supplies greater curvature via right gastric and right gastro-epiploic arteries?
Common hepatic artery
222
what are the sections of the duodenum?
1. bulb
2. descending portion
3. transverse duodenum
4. ascending duodenum
223
what part of the duodenum is retroperitoneal?
descending and tranverse
224
where is the a Jejunum and Illeum?
2 and 3 portion of small bowel
225
how long is the jejunum and Illeum (small bowel)
5.8 meters long
226
where does most of the digestive processes take place?
in the small bowel
227
how is the jejunum and ileum (small bowel) connected to the abdominal wall?
mesentery
228
is the jeunum in the lower or higher small bowel?
higher part
229
is the ileum in the lower or higher part of the small bowel?
lower part
230
where does the large bowel (colon) travel?
Begins at the terminal ileum (in the right inguinal area) and ends at the anus
231
what are the 7 portions of the colon?
- cecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anus
232
what parts of the colon are retro?
- cecum
- ascending colon
- descending colon
- rectum
- anus
233
what side of the colon is the hepatic flexture on?
right (in the top corner of the colon)
234
what side of the colon is the splenic flexture on?
left (top corner of the colon)
235
where is the appendix?
The appendix arises from the cecum in the RLQ
236
what is McBurney's Point?
the location of the appendix. (1/3 of the distance from the umbilicus and ASIS)
237
where is the uncinate process in the pancreas?
projects inferiorly and medially, just posterior to the duodenum.
238
where is the splenic veins compared to the pancreas?
runs posterior to the neck, body and tail of the pancreas.
239
where is the unicate process compared to the pancreas?
Confluence sits anterior to the uncinate process and posterior to the neck
240
what does the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas relate with?
the SMA, SMV, as well as the splenic artery(more superior) & vein. It also relates to the left kidney and adrenal gland and their respective vessels.
241
what is the most posterior and superior portion of the pancreas?
The tail is the most posterior and superior portion and sits in the hilum of the spleen
242
what is the pancreas supplied by?
Supplied by the splenic artery (branch of celiac trunk)
243
what is the pancreas drained by?
Drained by splenic vein= Portal system=IVC
244
what is another name for the main pancreatic duct?
duct of Wirsung
245
where does the duct of Wirsung travel?
Begins at the tail of the pancreas and moves through the pancreas to empty into the descending duodenum (inferior to duct of Santorini)
246
what is another name for accessory pancreatic duct?
duct of Santorini
247
where does the duct of Santorini travel?
A branch off of the main pancreatic duct that enters duodenum superior to where the main pancreatic duct enters
248
what is the function of the Rt and Lt hepatic ducts?
Drain RT and LT lobes of the liver of bile
249
where do the hepatic ducts join?
Join at the level of the liver hilum (doorway)
250
what does the hepatic ducts join to form?
Common hepatic duct
251
when does the CBD form?
Becomes Common Bile Duct after receiving the Cystic Duct from the gallbladder
252
where does the cystic duct travel?
- Extends from GB neck and meets CHD where CBD begins
| - Located on the inferior surface of the liver
253
what is the path of the CBD?
Extends inferiorly from union of CHD and cystic duct to enter the duodenum near the head of the pancreas
254
how does the CBD enter the decending colon?
Spincter of Oddi
255
where does the CBD run compared to the duodenum and pancreas head?
CBD runs posterior to the 1st portion of the duodenum and the pancreatic head
256
which kidney is more inferior?
right kidney
257
what are the borders of the kidneys?
Medial-concave
| Lateral-convex
258
what os Nephroptosis?
a kidney can slip out from within these protective layers
259
what is Hydronephrosis?
the ureter to twist, block urine, causing
260
what protects the kidney?
- Floating ribs
- Pararenal fat
- Gerota’s fascia
- Perirenal fat
- Renal capsule
261
what is the renal hilum?
Medial border where blood vessels enter and exit is called the hilum
262
where is the renal hilum located?
located at the transpyloric plane
- left=midhilar region
- right=upper hilar region
263
what structures are located at the renal hilum?
- urter
- Renal artery
- Renal vein
264
where are the renal arteries?
arise bilaterally from the aorta below SMA`
265
Is the renal arteries a tributaries to the IVC
yes
266
is the LRV or RRV longer?
LRV is longer
267
where do the urters originate?
renal pelvis
268
where do the ureters descend?
anteriorly along the psoas muscles from the hilum to the bladder, crossing anteriorly over the iliac arteries
269
where are the adrenal glands?
superior and slightly medial to each kidney
270
the adrenal glands are _________
enclosed with kidneys in Gerota's fasica
271
LOOK AT CH.5a slide 32
cant make question so look at slide
272
LOOK AT LECTURE 5B! ITS NOT ON FLASHCARDS
ITS NOT ON SLASHCARDS!!!!!!!
273
In transverse sections through the upper abdomen, what vessels are anterior to the IVC?
- Portal veins
| - hepatic vein
274
In transverse sections near the T10 vertebral level, what lobe of the liver is between the IVC and the ligamentum venosum?
caudate lobe
275
What are the relative positions of the vessels and ducts in the porta hepatis?
- portal vein=posterior
- common hepatic artery=medial/anterior
- common hepatic duct=lateral/anterior
276
In transverse sections through the gallbladder, what is between it and the ligametum teres?
quadrate lobe
277
In transverse sections at the L1/L2 vertebral level, what vessel is along the posterior surface of the pancreas?
splenic vein
278
In transverse sections through the head of the pancreas, what structure is adjacent to the pancreas on the right?
duodenum
279
What is the most predominant organ seen in sagittal sections through the ascending colon?
liver
280
In sagittal sections through the gallbladder, what structure is seen posterior to the gallbladder?
Kidney
281
Are sagittal sections medial or lateral to the descending duodenum?
medial
282
In sagittal sections through the head of the pancreas, what specific part of the duodenum is superior to the pancreas, and what part is inferior?
- bulb, superior
| - trans, inferior
283
Is a sagittal section through the IVC to the left or the right of midline?
Right
284
Is the abdominal aorta typically to the left or the right of the IVC?
Left
285
In a sagittal section through the abdominal aorta, what are the relationships of the LRV to the aorta and SMA?
Posterior
286
In left parasagittal sections, what is the relationship of the spleen to the stomach and the left kidney?
- stomach=posterolateral
| - kidney=superolateral
287
What organs are located most posteriorly in the abdomen?
- kidneys
- spleen
- liver
288
In coronal sections through the abdomen, what muscle is adjacent to the vertebral bodies?
psoas
289
In coronal sections through the abdomen, what blood vessels are usually located along the superior margin of the pancreas?
splenic artery
290
In coronal sections through the anterior abdomen, what organ is located on the left side?
stomach (could be liver)
