Test #3 without brain Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
what encloses the 4 major compartments of the neck?
A
Musculofascial Collar
2
Q
what are the 4 compartments of the neck?
A
Vertebral Compartment
Visceral Compartment
Vascular Compartments (x2)
3
Q
what is contained in the Vertebral Compartment?
A
cervical vertebrae
postural muscles
4
Q
what is contained in the Visceral Compartment?
A
thyroid
thymus
parts of larynx
parts of pharynx
5
Q
what is contained in the Vascular Compartment?
A
major blood vessels
vagus nerve
6
Q
how many cervical vertebrae are there?
A
7
7
Q
what pass through the transverse foramina?
A
vertebral arteries
8
Q
what is C1 referred as?
A
atlas
9
Q
what is C2 referred as?
A
axis
10
Q
what is C1’s role?
A
carries the weight of the head
11
Q
what is C2’s role?
A
allows the head to rotate
12
Q
what is the role of the hyoid bone?
A
attachment for the floor of the mouth muscles, larynx, and tongue
13
Q
which bone is horseshoe shaped?
A
hyoid
14
Q
where is the hyoid bone located?
A
- superior to the thyroid gland
- anterior midline of neck
- between the chin and the thyroid cartilage
15
Q
what forms the anterior wall of the larynx?
A
thyroid cartilage
16
Q
what protects the vocal cords?
A
thyroid cartilage
17
Q
what s also known as the Adam’s apple?
A
thyroid cartilage
18
Q
what is the attachment for laryngeal muscles?
A
thyroid cartilage
19
Q
where is the thyroid cartilage located?
A
superior to the thyroid gland
20
Q
is the thyroid cartilage seen on an ultrasound?
A
no
21
Q
what is the largest gland in the neck?
A
thyroid gland
22
Q
what is the part of the thyroid gland called that connects the right and left lobes and drapes across midline?
A
isthmus
23
Q
what is the shape of the thyroid gland
A
butterfly
24
Q
where are the pyramidal lobes seen on the thyroid gland?
A
superior aspect of both lobes
25
are the parathyroid glands visible?
not unless enlarged
26
what is the full ring at the top of the trachea called?
cricoid cartilage
27
where are the parathyroid glands located in the thyroid gland?
posteromedial aspect of the thyroid gland
28
where is the thyroid gland located in the neck?
- posterior to the sternocleidomastoid and the strap muscles
| - medial to carotid artery and internal jugular vein
29
why is the trachea not seen on ultrasound?
because its air filled
| -can use as landmark because it casts a shadow
30
where is the esophagus located?
- posterior and slightly left lateral to trachea
| - inferomedial to the left thyroid lobe
31
what do the muscles of the neck help with?
swallowing and movement of the head, neck, and shoulders
32
what muscle divides the anterior and posterior triangles in the neck?
sternocleidomastoid muscle
33
what are the anterior neck muscles?
- Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
- Longus Colli Muscle
- Strap Muscles (3)
34
what are the points of attachment of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
mastoid process to the sternum
35
what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do on the neck?
flexion and rotation of head
36
what are the most anterior muscles of the neck?
sternohyoid muscle
37
is the sternothyroid more superficial or deep compared to the sternohyoid?
more wide and deep
38
what are the points of attachments of the omohyoid muscle?
scapula to the hyoid bone
39
what muscle is the posterior border of the thyroid gland?
longus colli muscle
40
what are the posterior neck muscles?
- trapezius
- semispinalis capitus
- splenius capitus
- splenius cervicis
41
what is the role of the posterior neck muscles?
rotating, extending, and flexing the neck
42
what is the most superficial muscle of the neck?
trapezius
43
where does the trapezius muscle attach?
occipital bone to lower Tspine and laterally to the scapular spine
44
what is the role of the trapezius muscles?
moves the scapula and supports the arm
45
what is the deepest neck muscle?
semispinalis capitis
46
what are the middle neck muscles?
splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
47
where does the right common carotid artery arise from?
branchiocephalic artery
48
where does the left common carotid artery arise from?
aortic arch
49
where do the internal jugular veins drain?
branchiocephalic veins
50
what lymph nodes are most frequently seen?
internal jugular lymph nodes
51
where do the internal jugular lymph nodes travel?
follow the SCM
52
what are the salivary glands?
exocrine glands that secrete saliva to help break down food
53
what are the 3 paired salivary glands?
- parotid
- submandibular
- sublingual
54
what salivary glands are seen sonographically?
paired parotid and submandibular glands
55
where do the parotid glands lie?
- anterior to mastoid process
- lateral to internal carotid artery
- wraps around posterolateral aspect of mandibular ramus
56
where do the submandibular glands lie?
- paired on each side of midline inferior to the mandibular body
- hyoid bone is inferomedial
57
what is the bony framework of the thorax?
thoracic spine
Ribs
sternum
58
what are the cavities of the thorax?
- thoracic
- mediastinal
- pleural
- pericardial
59
what are the vital organs within the thorax?
heart
| lungs
60
what are the vascular structures within the thorax?
- aorta
- IVC
- SVC
- Pulmonary vessels
61
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
62
what is another name for vertebro-chondral ribs?
false ribs
63
what are true ribs?
ribs that are attached to the sternum directly
64
what are false ribs?
the first three attach to the cartilage of the rib above it
65
what are floating ribs?
(last 2 false ribs) cartilage ends in the abdominal wall muscles
66
what are the 3 parts of the sternum?
- manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
67
what is the superior border of the thorax?
thoracic inlet
68
what is the superior ring of the thorax (inlet) also called?
aperture
69
what structures pass through the thoracic inlet?
- trachea
- esophagus
- carotid arteries
- jugular veins
- nerves
- lymphatics
70
what separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm
71
what part of the diaphragm forms the floor of the thoracic cavity?
convex upper surface
72
the muscle fibres of the diaphragm converge into what?
a central tendon
73
what are the anterior chest wall muscles from superficial to deep?
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
- intercostal muscles
74
what are the 3 layers of the intercostal muscles?
- external intercostal
- internal intercostal
- innermost intercostal
75
what are the posterior chest wall muscles?
- rhomboid
- latissimus Dorsi
- Trapezius
- Shoulder Girdle Muscles
76
where is the rhombus major situated compared to the rhombus minor?
the rhombus major is situated inferior to the rhombus minor
77
visceral
against organ
78
parietal
against cavity
79
pericardial cavity is _________ the mediastinal cavity
within
80
what cavity is found inbetween the lungs?
mediastinum
81
what Is the mediastinum divided into?
-superior mediastinum
-inferior mediastinum
anterior
middle
posterior
82
what is located in the superior mediastinum?
```
trachea
esophagus
thymus
nerves
SVC/brachiocephalic veins
aortic arteries
```
83
what is located in the middle mediastinum?
heart and pericardium
ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk
SVC
84
what is located in the anterior mediastinum?
a little bit of the thymus
| lymph nodes
85
what is located in the posterior mediastinum?
esophagus
thoracic aorta and its branches
nerve plexus (sympathetic nervous system)
86
why is the trachea not visualized in the middle mediastinum?
because it has bifurcated
87
what serous membrane covers the lungs and chest cavity?
parietal and visceral pleura
88
what level does the trachea bifurcate?
T5
89
what is the word that describes the bifurcation of the trachea?
carina
90
where is the lung hilum located?
anterior to the aorta
91
is the bronchus anterior or posterior to the pulmonary arteries?
posterior
92
is the pulmonary arteries superior or inferior to the pulmonary veins?
superior
93
where does the right pulmonary artery pass?
underneath aortic arch
94
where does the left pulmonary artery pass?
anterior to descending thoracic aorta
95
where is the SVC compared to the ascending aorta?
to the right
96
where does the main pulmonary trunk come from?
right ventricle
97
does the main pulmonary trunk carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated
98
how many pulmonary veins drain the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium?
4
99
what are the branches off the aortic arch?
- brachiocephalic trunk
- Lt common carotid artery
- Lt subclavian artery
(alphabetic order)
100
what joins to form the brachiocephalic veins?
subclavian and internal jugular veins
101
what joins to form the SVC?
left and right brachiocephalic veins
102
where does the SVC empty?
superior Rt atrium
103
where does the IVC empty?
inferior Rt atrium
104
what is visualized in the 2 chamber view?
left ventricle and left atrium
105
what is visualized in the 4 chamber view?
- 2 ventricles
- 2 atrium
- bicuspid valve
- tricuspid valve
106
what is visualized in the 5 chamber view?
the 4 chambers of the heart and the ascending aorta
107
what is visualized in the 3 vessel view?
- SVC
- aorta
- main pulmonary artery
- ductus arteriosus (fetus)
108
show axis is also known as?
OWL view
109
what is the short axis?
demonstrates the wall of the right and left ventricles as well as the papillary muscles
110
what level is the hyoid bone?
C4
111
what bone has the largest spinus process (biggest hump)?
C7
112
what is superior posterior of the ramus?
condyle
113
what is superior anterior of the ramus?
coronoid process
114
what do you use as a landmark for the parotid gland?
condyle
115
what do you use as a landmark for the submandible gland?
angle
116
what are facets?
allow ribs to move when breathing
117
what muscle is inferior to the spine of the scapula?
infraspinatus
118
where is the subscapularis?
under the scapula (deep not inferior)
119
what is a cardiac notch?
impression on lungs from heart
120
which muscle wall is thicker? left or right ventricle?
left ventricle
121
what is the order of the great vessels from Rt to Lt?
- SVC
- Aorta
- Pulmonary trunk
122
which ventricle is perfectly circular in an short axis view?
left ventricle
