Final Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
what bones pertain to the forearm?
A
- radius
- ulna
2
Q
what bones pertain to the shoulder?
A
- scapula
- clavicle
- humeral head
3
Q
what bone pertains to the arm?
A
-humerus
4
Q
what bones pertain to the elbow?
A
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
5
Q
what bones pertain to the hand?
A
- carpals
- metacarpals
- phalanges
6
Q
what muscles coarse from the trunk to the scapula?
A
- trapezius
- rhomboids
- levator scapulae
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
7
Q
what muscles coarse from the trunk to the humerus?
A
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
8
Q
what muscles coarse from the scapula to humerus?
A
- deltoid
- supraspinatus
- subscapularis
- infraspinatous
- teres minor
- teres major
- coracobrachialis
9
Q
what muscles pertain to the rotator cuff?
A
SITS
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatous
- teres minor
- subscapularis
10
Q
what are the muscles from trunk to scapula anterior view?
A
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
- serratus anterior
11
Q
what are the muscles from trunk to scapula posterior view?
A
- trapezius
- rhomboids
- levator scapula
- serratus anterior
12
Q
what muscle goes from trunk to humorous anteriorly?
A
pectoralis major
13
Q
what muscle goes from the trunk to humerus posteriorly?
A
latissimus dorsi
14
Q
fascial compartments
A
In transverse sections the segments of the limbs are divided into multiple sections
15
Q
each fascial compartment of extremities usually have a separate _________ supply
A
nerve and blood supply
16
Q
muscles together usually perform __________
A
the same function
17
Q
what are anterior and posterior compartments of branchium are separated by?
A
intermuscular septum or fascia
18
Q
is the anterior or posterior branchium flexors?
A
anterior
19
Q
is the anterior or posterior branchium extensors?
A
posterior
20
Q
what are the anterior (flexor) muscles of the brachium?
A
- biceps brachii (2 heads)
- brachialis
- coracobrachialis
21
Q
is the coracobrachialis inferior or superior in the brachium?
A
superior
22
Q
what are the posterior (extensor) muscles of the branchium?
A
triceps (3 heads)
- medial head
- lateral head
- long head
23
Q
what are the anterior and posterior compartments surrounded peripherally by?
A
deep fascia and skin
24
Q
the anterior and posterior compartments have individual ________
A
blood supply
25
what bone divides the anterior and posterior compartments of the brachium?
humerus
26
what muscle is deep to the biceps?
brachialis
27
what muscle is the superior half of the humerus?
coracobrachialis
28
what groove is located on the head of the humerus?
Intertubercular (Bicipital) Groove
29
what muscle is located in the Intertubercular (Bicipital) Groove?
long head of the biceps branchii
30
where are frequent inflammation or tears in elderly and athletes>
Intertubercular (Bicipital) Groove
31
Antecubital Fossa
Triangular area on anterior side of elbow joint
32
what contains vessels and nerves that pass from the arm to forearm?
Antecubital Fossa
33
what blood supply and nerves pass through the Antecubital Fossa?
- median nerve
- brachial artery
- brachial vein
- tendon of biceps brachii
- radial nerve
34
where is blood pressure frequently measured?
Antecubital Fossa
35
what veins are frequently used for venipuncture?
Median cephalic and basilic veins
36
Olecranon
Point of elbow (funny bone)
37
Radial head
Allows wrist to supinate/pronate
38
Radial tuberosity
Attachment of biceps tendon
39
what movement do the muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm do?
flex and pronate
40
what movement do the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm do?
extend and supinate
41
what structures separate the anterior and posterior compartments in the forearm?
- radius/ulna
- intermuscular
- interosseous membrane
42
what is carpal tunnel?
groove or tunnel bound with ligaments
43
what is the carpal tunnel filled with?
flexor tendons and median nerves
44
_________ may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome
compression
45
what does the axillary artery form?
brachial artery and & its branches at the lower border of the teres minor muscle
46
????where does the branchial artery end?
in cubital fossa
47
?????what does the branchial artery divide into in the proximal forearm?
radial and ulnar arteries
48
what veins accompany the artery?
1 or 2 deep brachial veins
49
what does the deep brachial veins form?
the axillary vein
50
what 2 superficial veins dump into axillary vein?
cephalic and basilic veins
51
what muscle is in the upper part of the arm anterior compartment?
biceps brachii muscle
52
what muscle is in the upper part of the arm posterior compartment?
triceps brachii
53
basilic vein
superficial vein on medial aspect of the arm
54
Cephalic vein
superficial vein on lateral aspect of the arm
55
what is the Radius lateral, ulna medial connected by?
interosseous membrane
56
what nerve is located in the the carpal tunnel?
median nerve
57
flexors
anterior
58
extensors
posterior
59
above scapular spine
Supraspinatus m.
60
below scapular spine
Infraspinatus m.
61
on anterior body of scapula
Subscapularis m.
62
what muscle is in bicipital groove?
Long head of biceps brachii
63
what are the osseous components of the thigh?
-femur
=greater/lesser trochanters
=medial/lateral condyles and epicondyles
-patella
64
how is the gluteal region held superiorly?
iliac crest
65
how is the gluteal region held inferiorly?
lower margin of gluteus maximus muscle (marked by a crease below gluteal fold)
66
what is the gluteal region continuous with superiorly?
lower trunk
67
what is the gluteal region continuous with inferiorly
posterior surface of thigh
68
what muscle is a powerful extensor of the thigh?
gluteus maximus
69
what muscle in the gluteal region is the largest?
gluteus maximus
70
what muscle in the gluteal region is the most superficial?
gluteus maximus
71
what are the muscles of the gluteal region?
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- obturator externus
- obturator internus
- piriformis
- gemellus superior and inferior
- quadratus femoris
72
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
```
sartorius
quadriceps femoris
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius (deep to RF)
-vastus medialis
```
73
what muscles extends the leg and flexes the thigh?
4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris
74
4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris have a common _______
tendon
75
the common tendon of the 4 muscles of the quadriceps femoris is continuous with what?
the patellar ligament
76
where does the patellar ligament insert?
tibial tuberosity
77
what adducts the thigh?
medial compartment of the thigh muscles
78
what are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- gracilis
79
what muscles flex the leg at the knee?
hamstring muscles (posterior compartment of the thigh)
80
what are the hamstring muscles?
- biceps femoris
- semitendinous
- semimembranosus
81
which hamstring muscle is most lateral?
biceps femoris
82
which muscle is wider, flatter, and deeper? the semitendinosus or semimembranosis?
Semimembranosus
83
where is the femoral triangle located?
upper medial part of the anterior muscle compartment
84
what is the femoral triangle superior border (base)?
inguinal ligament
85
what is the femoral triangle medial border?
lateral border of Adductus longus
86
what is the femoral triangle lateral border?
medial border of Sartorius
87
what is another name for the adductor canal?
Hunter’s Canal or Subsartorial Canal
88
what does the adductor canal link?
Links apex of femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa
89
where is the narrow conical tunnel located?
medial aspect of the thigh
90
what serves as a passage of the femoral artery, vein, and nerves as they descend into popliteal fossa?
adductor canal?????
91
popliteal fossa
Diamond shaped fat filled region behind the knee
92
where do the vessels from thigh pass through?
Popliteal Fossa
93
where do the vessels from the thigh become popliteal artery and vein?
Popliteal Fossa
94
what are the upper margins of the Popliteal Fossa?
tendons and hamstrings
95
what are the inferior margins of the Popliteal Fossa?
two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
96
what are the knee joint ligaments?
- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
97
where is the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) located?
Posteromedial aspect of lateral condyle of the femur superiorly to anteromedial portion of intercondylar eminence of the tibia inferiorly (Trick: Hand In Pocket)
98
where is the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) located?
Posterolateral aspect of medial condyle of the femur superiorly to anterolateral aspect of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia inferiorly
99
where is the medial collateral ligament (MCL) located?
Medial epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the medial condyle and body of the tibia inferiorly
100
where is the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) located?
Lateral epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the fibular head inferiorly
101
tendon
muscle to bone
102
ligament
bone to bone
103
where is the quadriceps tendon?
quadriceps muscles to patella
104
where is the patellar ligament?
patella to tibial tuberosity
105
what are the menisci?
C-shaped cartilagenous discs in between femur and tibia
106
what is the function of the menisci?
support joint - shock absorber
| -help with balance
107
what are the muscles of the knee joint?
- Quadriceps femoris
- Hamstrings
- Sartorius
- Gracillis
- Gastrocnemius
108
what are the osseous components of the lower leg?
- tibia
| - fibula
109
which bone in the leg is the weight bearing bone?
tibia
110
what are the layers of the posterior compartment?
deep and superficial
111
what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the lower leg?
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Extensor Digitorum Longus
- Peroneous Teritus
112
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflex foot
113
Extensor Hallucis Longus
Extend great toe
114
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extend lateral 4 toes
115
Peroneous Teritus
Dorsiflex foot
116
what muscles are in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
- fibularis longus (superior)
| - fibularis brevis (inferiorly)
117
what are the actions of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
Evert and plantar flex the foot
118
what muscles are located in the superficial layer of the Posterior Compartment of the Lower Leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
119
what is the action of the gastrocnemius
Plantar flex the foot, flex the knee (gastrocnemius only)
120
what muscles are located in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Digitorum Longus
- Flexor Hallucis Longus
- Popliteus
121
Tibialis Posterior
Plantar flex/invert foot
122
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flex lateral 4 toes
123
Flexor Hallucis Longus
Flex great toes
124
Popliteus
Medially rotate leg
125
what are the arteries of the leg?
- femoral artery
- popliteal artery
- anterior and posterior tibial arteries
- peroneal artery
126
what is the main artery of the lower extremity?
femoral artery
127
what does the femoral artery become?
popliteal artery
128
where does the femoral artery extend?
lateral to the femoral vein through the femoral triangle to hunters canal
129
what does the popliteal artery bifurcates into?
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
130
what is the peroneal artery?
a branch off of the posterior tibial artery
131
what are the veins of the lower extremity?
- Anterior/Posterior Tibial Veins
- Greater saphenous vein
- Lesser Saphenous Vein
- Femoral vein
132
is the greater saphenous vein superficial or deep?
superficial
133
where does the greater saphenous vein travel?
, begins at dorsum of foot, empties into femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction
134
what is the longest vein in the body?
Greater saphenous vein
135
what vein is continuous with the femoral vein?
lesser saphenous vein
136
what does the femoral vein do?
accompanies the femoral artery throughout the thigh
137
what is the femoral triangle boundry laterally?
sartorius muscle
138
what is the femoral triangle boundry medially?
adductor longus
139
what is the femoral triangle floor boundry?
inguinal ligament
140
what is the most lateral hamstring muscle?
biceps femoris
141
what is the most superficial muscle in the posterior compartment of the lower leg?
gastrocnemius muscle
142
what muscle is deep to the gastrocnemius?
soleus
143
What bone is lateral to the tibia?
fibula
144
what connects the tibia and fibia?
interosseous membrane
145
what muscle is the most superior of the gluteal muscles?
gluteus medius
146
what are the muscles of the quad?
- vastus lateralis
- intermedius
- medialis
- rectus femoris
147
where do vessels move as they travel down the leg?
move deeper and more posterior as they move inferiorly
148
what tendon is on the posterior surface of the ankle?
Achilles tendon
