Test 2 (modules 4-7) Flashcards
(101 cards)
1
Q
specialized cells initiates electrical response and contraction
A
Conduction system
2
Q
Start of systole
Closure of tricuspid and mitral valves
Loudest at apex
A
S1
3
Q
End of systole
Closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
Loudest at base
A
S2
4
Q
Physiological-children younger adults
A
S3
5
Q
may be normal in healthy elderly or pathologic
Murmurs
Caused by turbulent blood flow
May occur in any cardiac valve
A
S4
6
Q
Frequency
Intensity
Duration
Timing
A
Characteristics of heart sounds
7
Q
physical exam- carotid arteries and jugular veins
A
Inspect
Palpate
Ausculate
8
Q
Physical exam- heart
A
Inspect
Palpate
Apical pulse (point of maximal impulse) (PMI)
four points
9
Q
Palpation: Localized pulsations
A
finger tips
10
Q
palpation: thrills
A
top of palm
11
Q
Palpation: Heaves or lifts
A
bottom of palm
12
Q
4 auscultate sites of the heart
A
Aortic
Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Mitral
13
Q
Pulse sites
A
Temporal Carotids Brachial Radial(ulnar) Popliteal Femoral Dorsalis pedis Posterior tibial
14
Q
3 types of veins
A
Deep
Superficial
Perforators
15
Q
Accessible lymphatic nodes
A
Cervical
axillary
epitrochlear
inguinal
16
Q
Related organs to lymph nodes
A
spleen
tonsils
thymus
17
Q
Risk factors for Thoracic and lung assessment
A
Smoking Pollution Occupational exposer Allergens Obesity Travel to foreign country
18
Q
protrusion of the stomach and ribs
Pigeon chested
A
Pectus carinatum
19
Q
breast bone sunken into chest
A
pectus excavatum
20
Q
curvature of the spine
A
scoliosis
21
Q
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back
A
kyphosis
22
Q
excessive inward curvature of the spine
A
lordosis
23
Q
AP to lateral ratio
A
1:2
24
Q
when AP Lateral ratio is 1:1
A
barrel chested
25
causes of barrel chest
Hyperinflation
Bronchitis
emphysema
Chronic asthma
26
Discontinuous, high pitched, short crackling during inspiration, not cleared by cough
Fine crackles
27
Discontinuous, loud, low pitched, bubbling and gurgling sounds, start in early inspiration and moving into early expiration
May decrease with cough or suctioning
Coarse crackles
28
Course low pitched, discontinuous occurring with inspiration and expiration, leathery sound, pleura rubs together
Pleural friction rub
29
continuous high pitched sound, musical squeaking sound, polyphonic, mostly expiratory but in both insp/exp
wheeze high pitch
| Sibilant
30
Continuous high pitch sound, monophasic, musical snoring, throughout entire cycle, more prominent on expiration
MAy clear with coughing
wheeze low pitch
| Sonorous rhonchi
31
continuous high pitch, crawling sound, monophasic, louder in neck than over chest wall, inspiratory
Stridor
32
adventitious sound caused by early bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema and late atelectasis, restrictive lung disease, pneumonia, heart failure, interstitial fibrosis
Fine crackle
33
adventitious sound caused by pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, terminally ill with poor cough reflex
course crackle
34
adventitious sound caused by pleuritis occurs with pain on breathing
Plueral friction rub
35
adventitious sound caused by diffuse airway obstruction, asthma, chronic emphysema
wheeze high pitch or sibilant
36
adventitious sound caused by bronchitis, single bronchus obstruction for airway tumor
wheeze low pitch or sonorous rhonchi
37
adventitious sound caused by upper airway obstruction, inflamed tissues or lodged foreign body
Stridor
38
abnormally slow breathing rate
Bradypnea
39
abnormally rapid breathing
tachypnea
40
difficult or labored breathing
dyspnea
41
shortness of breath that occurs when latin flat
orthopnea
42
temporary cessation of breathing, especially during sleep
apnea
43
contains the stratum corneum and basement membrane
Epidermis
44
inner supportive tissue consisting of mostly connective tissue or collagen
dermis
45
hair found all over the body
| Thin and light
vellus
46
hairs are thick long and dark
terminal
47
abnormal growth of hair on a persons face or body
hirsuitism
48
the original lesion
primary morphology
49
changes that occur in the primary lesion
Secondary morphology
50
less than one cm flat
macule
51
greater than one cm flat
patch
52
less than 1 cm elevated raised
papule
53
greater that 1 cm papules combined with surface elevation
plaque
54
equal to or greater than 1 cm raised and fluid filled
vesicle
55
greater than 1 cm a vesicle single
bulla
56
elevated, reddened or pallor than surrounding skin, itchy, allergic response
wheal or hive
57
A disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches
vitiligo
58
abnormally dry skin
xerosis
59
is a rough, scaly patch on your skin that develops from years of exposure to the sun
Actinic keratosis
60
a birthmark or a mole on the skin
| Maybe melanoma
nevi
61
major neck muscles
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
62
blood vessels of the neck
carotids and jugular
63
nuchal rigidity, headache and elevated temperature are red flags for what
meningitis
64
lymph nodes are enlarges, warm, tender, firm, movable
acute infection
65
clumped nodes
chronic infection
66
enlarged, firm, non-tender, mobile-occipital nodes often involved
HIV
67
hard greater than 3 cm
| unilateral, non tender, fixed, matted
cancer
68
rubber, discrete, appear gradually
hodgkins
69
hard non tender, left supraclavicular node, highly suggestive of thoracic or abdominal cancer
Vichows (sentinal node)
70
midline and moveable
trachea
71
enlarged and or tender to palpation
abnormal thyroid
72
causes of tracheal shift
pneumothorax
aortic aneurysm
tumor
thyroid enlargement
73
four pairs of sinuses
Facial
Maxillary
Ephnoid
Sphenoid
74
if white plaque on tongue is removable its os more likely a
candida infection
75
if plaque on tongue cannot be removed it is
leukoplakia
76
constriction of the pupil with light
direct
77
simultaneous constriction of other pupil
consensual
78
pupils constrict, both move to center to focus on object
convergence
79
assess ability of eyes to move through six cardinal positions of gaze
extraocular motion EOM
80
asses peripheral vision with the examiners vision
visual fields (confrontation)
81
difference in size of pupils
anisocoria
82
drooping upper lid
ptosis
83
constricted pupils
miosis
84
dilated pupil
mydriasis
85
light on blind eye
No direct or consensual response
Light on normal eye, direct and consensual response
Monocular blindness
86
commonly seen in lower eye
| Cause lipid deposits on edge of cornea
Arcus Senilus
87
benign lesions
| Eyes
xanthelasma
88
one of the most common eye complaints
corneal abrasion
89
clear or purulent discharge
| usually viral but can be bacterial
conjunctivitis
90
gross assessment for high frequency sounds; easy to perform
Whisper test
91
type of hearing loss that occurs with aging
presbycusis
92
leads to social isolation
hearing loss
93
are coiled tubes that open directly onto the skin surface and produce a dilute saline solution called sweat
eccrine glands
94
produce a thick milky secretion and open at the hair follicles
apocrine glands
95
scars that form at the site of a wound and grow beyond the normal boundaries of the wound
More common in Blacks
Keloid
96
the mask of pregnancy
melasma
97
ABCDE
```
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter
Elevation or evolution
```
98
white color to the skin
pallor
99
is a common hyper pigmentation in Black, Asian and american indian and hispanic newborns
mongolian spot
100
common rash that appears in the first 3-4 days of life
| Looks like flea bites
erythema toxicum
101
also produces a yellow orange color in light skinned persons but no yellowing of the sclera or mucous membranes
Carotenemia
