Test 2 part 2

Question 1

functional units of the lung, the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen

Answer 1

alveoli

Question 2

manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib

Answer 2

angle of louis

Question 3

an abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by inflammation, bronchospasms, wheezing, and dyspnea

Answer 3

asthma

Question 4

an abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapses, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli

Answer 4

atelectasis

Question 5

inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion

Answer 5

bronchitis

Question 6

the spoken voice sound heard through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue

Answer 6

bronchophony

Question 7

the normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and equal duration of inspiration and expiration

Answer 7

bronchovesicular

Question 8

a functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction

Answer 8

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD

Question 9

millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree

Answer 9

cilia

Question 10

the solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia

Answer 10

consolidation

Question 11

coarse, crackling sensations palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lung and enters the subcutaneous tissue

Answer 11

crepitus

Question 12

passageway that transports air but are not available for gaseous exchange

Answer 12

dead space

Question 13

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles

Answer 13

emphysema

Question 14

the narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs

Answer 14

fissure

Question 15

a palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wall

Answer 15

fremitus

Question 16

increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

Answer 16

hypercapina

Question 17

increased rate and depth of breathing

Answer 17

hyperventilation

Question 18

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Answer 18

hypoxemia

Question 19

space between ribs

Answer 19

intercostal space

Question 20

type of hyperventilation that occurs with diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 20

Kussmaul respiration

Question 21

sudden awakening from sleeping, with shortness of breath

Answer 21

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 22

striking over the chest wall with short, sharp blows of the fingers to determine the size and density of the underlying organ

Answer 22

percussion

Question 23

abnormal fluid between the layers of the pleura

Answer 23

pleural effusion

Question 24

refers to the soft, low pitched, normal breath sounds heard over peripheral lung fields

Answer 24

vesicular

Question 25

sword shaped lower tip of the sternum

Answer 25

xiphoid process

Question 26

acute chest pain that occurs when myocardial demand exceed its oxygen supply

Answer 26

angina pectoris

Question 27

incompetent aortic valve that allows backward flow of blood into left ventricle during diastole

Answer 27

aortic regurgitation

Question 28

calcification of aortic valve cusps that restricts forward flow of blood during systole

Answer 28

aortic stenosis

Question 29

the left semilunar valve separating the left ventricle and the aorta

Answer 29

aortic valve

Question 30

tip of the heart pointing down toward the 5th letter intercostal space

Answer 30

apex

Question 31

point of maximal impulse, pulsation created as the left ventricle rotates against the chest walls during systole, normally at the 5th left intercostal space in the midclavicular line

Answer 31

apical impulse

Question 32

broader area of hearts outline located at the 3rd right and left intercostal

Answer 32

base of heart

Question 33

used to hear low pitched heart sounds

Answer 33

bell of stethoscope

Question 34

slow heart rate

Answer 34

bradycardia

Question 35

bulbous enlargement of distal phalanges of fingers and toes that occur with chronic cyanotic heart and lung conditions

Answer 35

clubbing

Question 36

severe narrowing of the descending aorta, a congenital heart defect

Answer 36

coarctation of aorta

Question 37

right ventricle hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension

Answer 37

cor plumonale

Question 38

used to hear relatively high pitched heart sounds

Answer 38

diaphragm of stethoscope

Question 39

traditional ausculatotory area in the 3rd left intercostal space

Answer 39

erbs point

Question 40

the addition f a 3rd or 4th heart sound

Answer 40

gallop rhythm

Question 41

technique of moving stethoscope incrementally across the precordium through the auscultatory areas while listening to the heart sounds

Answer 41

inching

Question 42

left atrioventtricular valve separating the left atrium and ventricle

Answer 42

mitral valve

Question 43

opposite of normal split S2 so that the split is heard in expiration and in inspiration the sounds fuse to one sound

Answer 43

paradoxical splitting

Question 44

normal varitation in S2 heard as two separate components during inspiration

Answer 44

physiological splitting

Question 45

right semilunar valve separating the right verntrical and pulmonary artery

Answer 45

pulmonic valve

Question 46

abnormal mid-diastolic heart sound heard when both the pathologic S3 and S4 are present

Answer 46

summation gallop

Question 47

palpable vibration on the chest wall accompanying sever heart murmur

Answer 47

thrill

Question 48

right atrioventricular valve separating the right atrium and ventricle

Answer 48

tricuspid valve

Question 49

test that determines the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color was evidence of potency of the other artery

Answer 49

allen test

Question 50

blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

Answer 50

bruit

Question 51

deficiency of arterial blood to a body part due to constriction of obstruction of a blood vessel

Answer 51

ischemia

Question 52

viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing

Answer 52

profile sign

Question 53

regular rhythm but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude

Answer 53

pulsus alternans

Question 54

irregular rhythm, every other beat is premature, premature beats have weaker amplitude

Answer 54

pulsus bigeminus

Question 55

beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration

Answer 55

pulsus paradoxus

Question 56

inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation

Answer 56

thrombophlebitis

Question 57

dilated tortuous vends with incompetent valves

Answer 57

varicose veins

Question 58

baldness, hair loss

Answer 58

alopecia

Question 59

circular shape to skin lesion

Answer 59

annular

Question 60

skin lesions that run together

Answer 60

confluent

Question 61

scooped out, shallow depression in skin

Answer 61

erosion

Question 62

self inflicted abrasion on skin due to scratching

Answer 62

excoriation

Question 63

linear crack in skin extending into dermis

Answer 63

fissure

Question 64

skin lesion due to benign proliferation of blood vessels in the dermis

Answer 64

hemangioma

Question 65

target shaped skin lesion

Answer 65

iris

Question 66

tightly packed set of papules that thickens skin, cause by prolonged intense scratching

Answer 66

lichenification

Question 67

softening of tissue by soaking

Answer 67

maceration

Question 68

nevus

Answer 68

mole

Question 69

elevated skin lesion larger than 1 cm diameter

Answer 69

nodule

Question 70

itching

Answer 70

pruritus

Question 71

red purple skin lesion due to blood in tissues from breaks in blood vessels

Answer 71

purpura

Question 72

skin lesion due to permanently enlarged and dilated blood vessels that are visible

Answer 72

telangiectasia

Question 73

linear shape of skin lesion along a nerve route

Answer 73

zosteriform

Question 74

increased in size of thyroid gland that occurs with hyperthyroidism

Answer 74

goiter

Question 75

refers to abnormally large head

Answer 75

macrocephalic

Question 76

head tilt due to shortening or spasm of one sternomastoid muscle

Answer 76

torticollis

Question 77

adaption of the eye for near vision by increasing the curvature of the lens

Answer 77

accommodation

Question 78

pupil does not react to light, does constrict with accommodation

Answer 78

argyll robertson pupil

Question 79

refractive error of vision due to differences in curvature in refractive surfaces of the eye

Answer 79

astigmatism

Question 80

outer fibrous rim encircling the eardrum

Answer 80

annulus

Question 81

congenital absence or closure of ear canal

Answer 81

atresia

Question 82

yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear canal

Answer 82

cerumen

Question 83

superior posterior free rim of the pinna

Answer 83

helix

Question 84

sensory organ of hearing

Answer 84

organ of corti

Question 85

pain in the ear

Answer 85

otalgia

Question 86

ringing in the ears

Answer 86

tinnitus

Question 87

canker sores

Answer 87

aphthous ulcers

Question 88

decay in the teeth

Answer 88

caries

Question 89

red scaling shallow painful fissures at corners of mouth

Answer 89

cheilitis

Question 90

closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx

Answer 90

choanal atresia

Question 91

indentations on surface of tonsils

Answer 91

crypts

Question 92

small blue white spots with red halo over oral mucosa, early sign of measles

Answer 92

koplik spots