Test 2 Part 1

Question 1

According to Rousseau money “buys everything else, it cannot buy morals and citizens.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to Berkeley, there is no knowledge in our minds that did not come through our senses.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Hobbes, unless the rules of the social contract are enforced by the will of the people, everything will collapse again into the state of nature.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to Hobbes, the first law of nature is that everyone ought to “seek peace and follow it,” because this law is a logical extension of mu concern for survival.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Simple ideas cannot be created by the mind.

Answer 5

Consistent

Question 6

According to Rousseau, his boarding school education, “we were to learn…all the insignificant trash that has obtained the name of education.”

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Augustine claims to be able to refute skepticism by

Answer 7

showing that the supposition that we could be mistaken about everything is absurd

Question 8

According to Plato, there are two levels of reality: The lower physical level is a copy of the higher non-physical level.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Augustine believed no one could achieve salvation without the grace of God.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

According to Locke, infants are born with knowledge that was not acquired through their senses.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Locke held that the mind at birth was like a blank tablet.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The principle of cause and effect is an important basis of scientific observation.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

According to Hume, our senses can never provide us with absolute certainty.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Sitting in a sauna is a

Answer 14

Kinematic Pleasure

Question 15

According to Hume, there is more truth in the multiplication tables than there is in any science based on observation.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Deism is the view that God created the world and guides history.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Despite Hume’s admiration for Newton, Hume held that there was nothing in nature that testified to a divine designer.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

According to Berkeley, we have sense knowledge of matter.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

According to Hume, it is 100 percent certain that the sun will rise tomorrow.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

According to Epictetus, love is the highest virtue.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

Plato is an empiricist.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

According to Rousseau morals had been corrupted by the replacement of religion with science, by sensuality in art, licentiousness in literature, and by the emphasis on logic at the expense of feeling.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Which school of philosophy would say: “Just as a target is not set up to be missed, in the same way nothing bad by nature happens in the world.”

Answer 23

Stoicism

Question 24

According to Hobbes, human life

Answer 24

is just a motion of limbs

Question 25

According to Epictetus, because our free choices shape our destiny, Fate is an illusion.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

If the nature of reality is a system of bodies in motion, this implies that human nature and human thought can be viewed in organic living terms.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

According to Holbach, religion originated in ancient times among savage and ignorant peoples and was reinforced through fear by leaders who saw it as a convenient way to control people.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

According to Locke, everyone is born with an idea of God.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

Which of the following statements would Epicurus agree with?

Answer 29

A) Natural desires are divided between necessary and unnecessary desires.

Question 30

According to Rousseau, “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains.”

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Which of the following is the best paraphrase of a key idea of Epictetus?

Answer 31

A) It is not things that disturb humans, but our judgments about them.

Question 32

Which school of philosophy would say: “The matter proposed is either a sense-object or a thought-object, but whichever it is, it is an object of controversy.”

Answer 32

Skepticism

Question 33

Plato founded a school, the Academy, that could be termed Europe's first university.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Augustine held that reason and faith were incompatible in the understanding the nature of reality.

Answer 34

False

Question 35

If everything in the universe operates within the same laws of motion, the possibility of a “free will” become problematic.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Rousseau directed his attack against luxury and against political leaders who emphasized the economic aspects of politics.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Augustine’s theory of true happiness requires that we go beyond the natural to the supernatural.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

According to Hobbes, rationalism to the correct path to knowledge.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

According to Hume, we can know for certain that God does not exist.

Answer 39

False

Question 40

According to Holbach, we are not free agents in any single instant of our lives.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

According to Epictetus, our lives should be guided by love, not reason.

Answer 41

False

Question 42

According to Berkeley, because to be is to be perceived, if all humans died, all reality would vanish (because reality is no longer perceived by anyone).

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Our idea of an object, such as a table, is an accurate copy of the table itself.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

According to Herbert the following are universally true common notions: (1) There exists a supreme God, (2) we should worship him, (3) the best from of worship consists of proper moral behavior, (4) we should repent for our immoral conduct, and (5) we will be rewarded or punished in the afterlife for our conduct of earth.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Rousseau rejected the doctrine of original sin and argued the origin of evil is found in the later stages of human development in society.

Answer 45

True

Question 46

A result of the scientific revolution was that the universe was viewed as a system of bodies in motion, so now all other aspects of nature were described as bodies in motion.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Augustine believed that all human beings are born essentially good but are corrupted by the sins they commit.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

The Encyclopedie set goals of combating superstition, intolerance, and dogmatism.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Socrates, by only two years, outlived Plato.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

According to Hume, a causal relationship is identical to a sequential relationship.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

According to Plato, rule by the wise, not democracy, is the best form of government.

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Plato, unlike the pre-Socratics, was a metaphysical dualist.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

We have no direct knowledge of matter.

Answer 53

Consistent

Question 54

The philosophes were for the most part were conservative voices who did not challenged the traditional forms of thought concerning religion, government, and morality.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

Unlike Plotinus, Augustine holds that

Answer 55

B) the created world is not continuous with the being of God

Question 56

According to Hobbes, in a state of nature men are superior to women.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

Locke argues that we have no direct sense knowledge of matter.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

According to Rousseau, in the state of nature people are motivated by “a natural sentiment which inclines every animal to watch over his own preservation, and which, directed in people by reason and pity, produces humanity and virtue,” therefore supporting Hobbes' position.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

Epictetus held that God is all powerful, all wise, and all good.

Answer 59

True

Question 60

According to Plato, if triangles didn't exist, the Form of Triangle wouldn't exist.

Answer 60

False

Question 61

According to Hobbes, the only way to transform multiple wills into a single will is to agree that the sovereign’s single will and judgment represent the will and judgments of the all the citizens.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Augustine believed that by an act of the human will an individual was capable of achieving salvation on their own.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Herbert states our minds contain instinctive “common notions” that are universally true.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

The Forms are

Answer 64

Eternal

Question 65

Augustine held that human reason is absolutely certain of the principle of contradiction.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

According to Hume, every idea can be traced back to a sense impression.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Which of the following is not a primary quality?

Answer 67

Taste

Question 68

Sin, according to Augustine, is

Answer 68

having a disordered love life.

Question 69

According to Hobbes, a natural law “is a precept, or general rule, fund out by reason,” telling what to do and what not to do.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

According to the Skeptics, most of our knowledge is based on perceptions for which we have no criterion of truth.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

According to Hume, the existence of the self can be proved by the senses.

Answer 71

False

Question 72

According to Hume,

Answer 72

our mind is said to be the unchanging producer of our thoughts, but we have no internal impression of anything unchanging and therefore we have no evidence that our mind exists

Question 73

The decisive bridge between classical philosophy and Augustine was the writings of Plotinus.

Answer 73

True

Question 74

The philosophes believed that human faith provides the most reliable guide to human destiny.

Answer 74

False

Question 75

According to Plato, the soul is immortal.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

According to Holbach, the true system of nature, divorced from all religious superstition, is dualistic.

Answer 76

False

Question 77

Augustine was attracted to the Manicheans because they

Answer 77

Seemed to deal with the problem of evil in a rational manner

Question 78

According to Plato, nothing for certain can be known about anything that changes.

Answer 78

True

Question 79

According to Plato, perfect Beauty exists.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

According to Plato, the body is the prison of the soul.

Answer 80

True

Question 81

Hume argues that, in the case of a cause-and-effect relationship, we can never make the observation of constant conjunction.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Plato inherited the doctrine of the Forms from Heraclitus.

Answer 82

False

Question 83

During Plato's life, Athens fought, and lost, a war with Sparta.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

Plato was born in Sparta, but when he was a youth his parents moved to Athens.

Answer 84

False

Question 85

Which of the following is the best paraphrase of a key idea from Epictetus?

Answer 85

It is better to die of hunger, but in a state of freedom from grief and fear, than to live in plenty, but with a troubled mind.

Question 86

In Locke's view, both color and sound are secondary qualities.

Answer 86

True

Question 87

According to Plato, the highest principle in reality is the essence of Goodness.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

In Locke's view, only the idea of God's existence is an innate idea.

Answer 88

False

Question 89

According to Epictetus, self-control is one of the highest virtues.

Answer 89

True

Question 90

According to Plato, perfect Justice exists.

Answer 90

True

Question 91

According to Hobbes, thinking is a variation of self-reflection.

Answer 91

False

Question 92

According to Plato, the mind can know truths independently of any information from the senses.

Answer 92

True

Question 93

Plato like his teacher Socrates left no written record of his ideas.

Answer 93

False

Question 94

The Forms are not

Answer 94

Physical

Question 95

A good and happy life, Augustine thinks, is

Answer 95

the result of God's grace

Question 96

All our ideas come from experience, Locke says – that is, from

Answer 96

Sensation and Reflection

Question 97

Sextus argued that if our knowledge comes from experience or sense impression then there is all the more reason to doubt the adequacy of all knowledge.

Answer 97

True

Question 98

Which of the following is a true statement about Plato's Forms?

Answer 98

The forms are originals that all physical things copy

Question 99

According to Holbach, human beings emerged in the natural course of events on this planet and have no privileged place in nature above other living things.

Answer 99

True

Question 100

According to Plato, a true philospher is regarded as a fool by the majority of the people.

Answer 100

True