Test 2 Part 2

Question 1

Which school of philosophy would say: “of things that wisdom prepares for insuring lifelong happiness, by far the greatest is the possession of friends.”

Answer 1

Epicureanism

Question 2

According to Hume, nothing can be known for certain.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

For Augustine true philosophy was inconceivable without a joining of faith and reason.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Plato, might makes right.

Answer 4

False

Question 5

According to Hobbes, knowledge of consequences is hypothetical or conditional but is based on logic.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Which school of philosophy would say: “Do not seek to have events happen as you want them to, but instead want them to happen as they do happen, and your life will go well.”

Answer 6

Stoicism

Question 7

Locke was, for most of his adult life, a close adviser of the king of England.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

According to deism, there are special appearances, miracles, prophecies, or divine composed scriptures.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

According to Hobbes, the power of the sovereign must be absolute in order to secure the conditions of order, peace, and law.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

According to Hobbes, if you peel off the veneer of civilization, what you are left with are individuals in conflict.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

According to Plato, our reason exists to effectively serve our desire.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

In the “Allegory of the Cave,” the sun is a symbol for

Answer 12

The Form of the Good

Question 13

For most philosophers in the Middle Ages there was not a close bond between theology and philosophy.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

A result of the scientific revolution was that the unique dignity, value, or special status of human beings in the nature of things is uplifted.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

According to Plato, the majority of the people are foolish.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Plato holds that some Forms, but not all, are made of matter.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

According to Aristotle, happiness is achieved when people fulfill their natural functions through a well-balanced life.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

According to Rousseau, what keeps a society together is natural law.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Hume adopts Newton’s motto, “frame no hypotheses,” in order to

Answer 19

construct a science of human nature on the basis of the facts

Question 20

According to Hume, the design of the universe is evidence of God’s existence.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

According to Plato, just as the form of triangle consists of truths about Triangleness, so the Form of Square consists of truths about Squareness and the form of Sphere consists of truths about Sphereness.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

According to Locke, not only do we have sense knowledge of the qualities of an object, but we also have sense knowledge of the matter of an object.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Which school of philosophy would say: “Universal Nature’s impulse was to create an orderly world.”

Answer 23

Stoicism

Question 24

The Greeks considered happiness to be the culmination of the good life.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Which of the following is not a true statement about the realm of Forms?

Answer 25

The real of Forms contains the Forms of Godliness

Question 26

Skeptics held that “no truth can be comprehended by human beings.”

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Berkeley argued that, because we have no sense knowledge of matter, we must conclude that matter is merely a substratum of the qualities we know with our senses.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

According to Hume, insofar as a philosopher is a rationalist, to that degree the philosopher is wrong.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

One crucial step in Augustine’s argument that God must exist is this:

Answer 29

Either nothing superior to truth or there is something superior to truth

Question 30

Plato established the first university.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

According to Plato, we should have faith that God exists.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

According to Plato, perfect Courage exists.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Which of the following statements would Hume agree with?

Answer 33

We think we observe one event causing another event, but all we really observe is one event preceding another event

Question 34

Which of the following is not a secondary quality?

Answer 34

Texture

Question 35

The Form of Triangle is

Answer 35

independent of all physical triangles

Question 36

If there were no Form of Triangle, then physical triangles would not exist.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

According to Hobbes, morality and law are simply the best means available, the only means to stave off imminent death and the possible loss of felicity (great happiness). Being moral and law-abiding is no more than a smart strategy for self-preservation.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

According to Locke, no idea in a child's mind is innate.

Answer 38

Consistent

Question 39

Plotinus held that evil is not a positive reality but rather a matter of privation- that is, the absence of good.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Knowing the taste of an oyster and pineapple is compared to knowing the color of black and white.

Answer 40

Inconsistent

Question 41

According to Berkeley, all we know about any object are our ideas about the object.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

According to Plato, the ideal society would be ruled by a philosopher-king (or queen).

Answer 42

True

Question 43

According to Locke, when we know an object, we know only our idea of the object, not the object itself.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

In the "Allegory of the Cave,"

Answer 44

none of the above

Question 45

According to Plato, all of reality is constantly changing.

Answer 45

False

Question 46

According to Berkeley, when a human mind knows things in the external world, the mind is knowing God's ideas.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Plato is a metaphysical monist.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

According to Holbach, the concept of immaterial human spirit is incomprehensible.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Voltaire believes that if God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him.

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Epicurus held that we should fear death, because if we have lived immoral lives the gods will punish us.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

Which school of philosophy would say: “What upsets people is not things themselves but their judgments about things. For example death is nothing dreadful(or else it would have appeared dreadful to Socrates), but instead the judgment about death that it is dreadful- that is the most dreadful.

Answer 51

Stoicism

Question 52

According to Epictetus, all we can control is our attitude toward the world.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Plotinus was an early church father with a deep faith in the principles of Christianity.

Answer 53

False

Question 54

According to Locke, the mind at birth is empty of all ideas.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Augustine supported the doctrine of original sin, that is, the human nature is inherently corrupt

Answer 55

true

Question 56

According to Hobbes, the logical result of individual egoistical behavior would be horrible condition in which there are “no arts’ no letters, no society; and which is worst of all. Continual fear, and danger of violent death; and the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

Answer 56

True

Question 57

The Skeptics were led to suspend judgment and to refrain from denying or affirming anything.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

For Plato, the most important feature of the physical world is that it is unchanging.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

According to Rousseau, “men will always be what women choose to make them… “

Answer 59

True

Question 60

The Form of Triangle

Answer 60

is what all physical triangles hold in common

Question 61

Augustine held that human seek happiness as a consequence of our incompleteness and finitude.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

Augustine was a minor influence in setting the dominant direction and style of Christian wisdom of the Middle Ages.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Rousseau recognizes that human nature was not really any better in earlier times but suggests that the arts and sciences produced some significant changes making people worse.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

In a state of nature, Hobbes holds,

Answer 64

there are no such things as good and evil

Question 65

Augustine

Answer 65

Agrees with St. Paul that our wills are divided and that we cannot heal ourselves.

Question 66

According to Berkeley, it is incorrect to believe, as Aristotle did, that physical substances are composed of matter and form.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

According to Berkeley, though the senses provide no evidence of matter's existence, we must nonetheless assume that matter exists.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

According to Plato, all knowledge in our mind came through our senses.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

In the "Allegory of the Cave," the people chained in the cave

Answer 69

do not know they are in a cave

Question 70

According to Plato, for every class of physical thing, trees, mountains, apples, there is a corresponding Form.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

According to Hobbes, the picture we get of this state of nature is of people moving against each other- bodies in motion- or the anarchic condition of “the war of all against all.”

Answer 71

True

Question 72

According to Hobbes, the driving force in a person is the need for love.

Answer 72

False

Question 73

Which school of philosophy would say: “If the power of thought is universal among mankind, so likewise is the possession of reason, making us rational creature. If follows, therefore, that this reason speaks no less universally to us with its “thou shalt” or “thou shalt not.”

Answer 73

Stoicism

Question 74

Why do we sin? Augustine answers that

Answer 74

an act of free will

Question 75

Plato is a skeptic.

Answer 75

False

Question 76

According to Epictetus, a good person does not feel excessive emotional pain.

Answer 76

True

Question 77

In Plato's view, Forms never change.

Answer 77

True

Question 78

According to Hobbes, the sovereign can command such that “there can be no unjust law.”

Answer 78

True

Question 79

According to Hobbes, only rational desires are recognized as motivators, so all actions are performed for the welfare of the agent.

Answer 79

False

Question 80

According to Galileo, a human being is defined as a body with physical organs, implying that most personal characteristics are represented by secondary qualities.

Answer 80

True

Question 81

According to Plato, the physical universe is the only reality.

Answer 81

False

Question 82

According to Hobbes, we can avoid the state of nature and conditionally enter civil society if individuals join together in an agreement, “as if every man should say to every man, I authorize and give up my right of governing myself, to this man, or to this assembly of men, on condition, that you give up your right to him, and authorize all his actions in like manner.”

Answer 82

False

Question 83

According to Plato, virtuous people are rare.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

According to Epictetus, nothing can harm a wise person.

Answer 84

True

Question 85

Citizens of the heavenly city

Answer 85

have a dual citizenship

Question 86

When Hume says that “all events seem entirely loose and separate,” he means to imply that

Answer 86

there is no necessary connection to be observed among them.

Question 87

Which of the following is not one of the three laws of association of ideas?

Answer 87

the law of identity

Question 88

Sparked by dramatic advances in the sciences, Enlightenment thinkers were convinced that through the exercise of human reason they could unravel the mysteries of the universe and set society off in a new and highly advanced direction.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

According to Plato, if the realm of Forms didn't exist, the physical universe wouldn't exist.

Answer 89

True

Question 90

According to Plato, in a just society, all people would share equally.

Answer 90

False

Question 91

According to Hume, if substance cannot be known by a sense impression, as Locke claims, then we have no evidence of the existence of substance.

Answer 91

True

Question 92

According to Plato, we never truly learn anything new. All wisdom is recollected from a time before our birth.

Answer 92

True

Question 93

According to Tindal, the aim of Christianity should be to rid religion of superstition and return to this pure and natural religion. To do this, faith not reason should be our guide, and not scriptural authority.

Answer 93

False

Question 94

Just as a blind man cannot create the idea of color, the mind cannot create a simple idea.

Answer 94

consistent

Question 95

Berkeley was born, and lived most of his life, in Holland.

Answer 95

False

Question 96

Which of the following statements would Hume agree with?

Answer 96

Complex impressions produce complex ideas.

Question 97

Berkeley is a rationalist, arguing that all knowledge we gain through the senses is unreliable.

Answer 97

False

Question 98

Augustine solves the problem of natural evil by

Answer 98

denying that evil is a positive reality

Question 99

Simply because we have no sense knowledge of matter or spirit, it would be wrong to say matter and spirit do not exist.

Answer 99

Consistent

Question 100

According to Augustine, we can find happiness only in God, since we were made by God to find happiness only in God

Answer 100

True