Test 3 Part 2

Question 1

According to Kant, the principles of Newtonian science are absolutely certain.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is consistent with Bentham’s idea of pleasure?

Answer 2

He was interested chiefly in the quantitaive aspects of pleasure, thus, all actions are equally good if they produce the same amount of pleasure.

Question 3

According to Kant, What is right for one person is not necessarily right for another

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Kierkegaard distinguished between the spectator and the actor, arguing that only the actor is involved in existence.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Which of the following is consistent with Mill’s philosophy?

Answer 5

Happiness is defined as any action that produces pleasure.

Question 6

Marxism affirms the primacy of the material order and regards mental activity as a secondary by-product.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

According to Kant, earlier failed metaphysical investigations had tried to show how our knowledge must conform to objects. He proposed to show how objects must conform to our knowledge.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Kierkegaard’s supported the concepts of rational knowledge.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Kant’s use of regulative ideas exemplifies his way of mediating between dogmatic rationalism and skeptical empiricism.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

According to Schopenhauer, human life “is a striving without aim or end.”

Answer 10

True

Question 11

According to Bentham what should be the guiding rule of all social/poliotical decision making?

Answer 11

Utilitarianism

Question 12

Regarding freedom of the will, Kant says that

Answer 12

morality would not be possible without it.

Question 13

Kant believed that the principles of Newtonian science were reliable and absolutely certain.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Hegel describe how the universal mind develops over time through actions of

Answer 14

individuals, collections of people, and governments

Question 15

Schopenhauer speaks of human desire as “endless striving,” and this impulse, working “without knowledge” through all nature, is finally “the will to live.”

Answer 15

False

Question 16

According to Kant, the mind actively structures the world it believes it merely passively perceives.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Comte believed that religion is the key to the whole system, but instead of the worship of a supernatural being, religion should consists of the cult of humanity.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

According to Nietzsche, we should strive for peace of mind.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Nietzsche was insane for the last years of his life.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

According to Schopenhauer the will is found in:

Answer 20

Everything

Question 21

The thrust of German idealism is that:

Answer 21

The mind is ultimately the source and content of knowledge- not physical objects or some mysteriousness thing in itself.

Question 22

According to Nietzsche, the values of Christianity should be slightly modified to fit the problems of modern times.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Kant argued that both rationalism and empiricism presented inaccurate models of the knowledge process.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

According to Mill, if a gang derives pleasure from beating an individual, then, according to the “greatest happiness” principle, the gang’s actions are moral.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

According to Nietzsche, it is impossible to be world famous and to be an overman.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

At what age did Hegel enroll in the theological; school at the University of Tubingen?

Answer 26

18

Question 27

Which of the following, according to Bentham, is not one of the factors that influence an action's pleasure or pain?

Answer 27

Moral correctness

Question 28

Which is not one of the four sourcs which pleasure and pain come from?

Answer 28

Culture

Question 29

On the idea of punishment, Bentham would agree with which of the following statements?

Answer 29

All punishments are in themselves evil.

Question 30

According to Kant, a person who has a tendency to make good choices is morally superior to a person who has no tendency to make good choices.

Answer 30

False

Question 31

According to Kant, ancient philosophers were wrong in believing that moderation was a good without qualification.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Jeremy Bentham was a follower of Mill's.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

What were the views in which Bentham and Mill managed to dramatically influence the direction of Western philosophy?

Answer 33

Moral and Political

Question 34

Who was the first German idealist to recognize a glaring contradiction in Kant's metaphysical argument?

Answer 34

Johann Fichte

Question 35

According to Mill, it is impossible to make a choice that is not guided by the desire to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.

Answer 35

True

Question 36

According to Schopenhauer "desire" products all the following except:

Answer 36

Pleasure

Question 37

Utilitarianism is a kind of epicureanism.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

In which of Hegel's selections does he refer how universal mind develops over time through actions of individuals, collections of people, and governments.

Answer 38

World History

Question 39

Reading David Hume awakened Kant from his "dogmatic slumber."

Answer 39

True

Question 40

According to Mill, the goal of human actions is "the greatest good for the greatest number" of people.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Who was one of Britain's most influential moral and political philosophers, and for a short time served in the British parliament?

Answer 41

John Stuart Mill

Question 42

According to Schopenhauer, physical objects exist and are causally related in space and time. In this realm PSR explains being.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

What were Comte's three stages of law?

Answer 43

Theological, Metaphysical, and Positivistic

Question 44

According to Schopenhauer, human life turns out to be by a gift for enjoyment.

Answer 44

False

Question 45

Benthasm made an especially impressive use of the principle of utility in connection with

Answer 45

Law and Punishment

Question 46

Kant argued that time and space are internal concepts that the mind uses to shape reality.

Answer 46

True

Question 47

For Schopenhauer the term "world" means all of the following of except?

Answer 47

The mind

Question 48

According to Kant, each person has his or her own unique duty.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

The worker’s lives would be terribly dehumanized by what Marx calls “the alienation of labor.”

Answer 49

True

Question 50

How did Comte try to reform society and philosophy?

Answer 50

By developing a scence of society, namely, positivism.

Question 51

According to Hegel, history is mind clothing itself with the form of _______.

Answer 51

Events

Question 52

According to Kant, no human has ever known or ever will know the ultimate nature of reality.

Answer 52

True

Question 53

In how many ways does Mill's version of utilitarianism differ from Bentham's?

Answer 53

3

Question 54

When Nietzsche said that "God is dead," he actually meant that God had abandoned the universe because humans were too sinful.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

A revaluation of values

Answer 55

A) would ask the question: What values does true morality endorse?

Question 56

According to Neitzsche, the greatest philosophers are those who question traditional values.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

According to Schopenhauer, “the life of every individual…is really always a tragedy, but gone through in detail, it has the character of a comedy.”

Answer 57

True

Question 58

According to the text, the philosophers before Kant made the error of viewing the mind as something passive rather than active.

Answer 58

True

Question 59

According to Hegel, God is identical with all of nature, therefore, God is found also in the configurations o culture and civilization, therefore he is a materialistic monist.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

According to Hegel "Nature" is the realm of necessity whereas "Spirit" is the realm of:

Answer 60

Freedom

Question 61

In describing the human condition, Kierkegaard distinguished between what we now are and what we ought to be. That is, there is a movement from our essence to our existence.

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What does it mean that God is dead?

Answer 62

nihilism threatens

Question 63

According to Kant, empiricists, rationalists, and skeptics would have to agree on at least one thing: For knowledge to occur, the mind must receive accurate information about external reality.

Answer 63

True

Question 64

According to Schopenhauer, in addition to perception we are able to formulate?

Answer 64

Abstract concepts

Question 65

According to Mill, if obeying God's commandments produced more pain than pleasure, then that action would be immoral.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

The German approach to idealism had George Berkley's work as its philosophical starting point.

Answer 66

False

Question 67

For Marx history will end with the emergence of socialism and, finally, communism.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

According to Schopenhauer, abstract concepts are within the realm of logic. In this realm of PSR explains the ways of becoming or change.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

Kant lived in Ireland all his life.

Answer 69

False

Question 70

According to Nietzsche, the purpose of each human’s life is self-perfection.

Answer 70

True

Question 71

According to Kant, all knowledge in the mind comes through the senses.

Answer 71

False

Question 72

Kant argues that it is acting from duty, not from will, that makes us moral individuals.

Answer 72

False

Question 73

According to Schopenhauer, we are like puppets “set in motion by internal clockwork.”

Answer 73

True

Question 74

According to Hegel, what makes Nature knowable is that its essence is Mind, and what produces history is the continuous struggle of Mind to realize itself in perfect form.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

According to Kant, we must make choices we would want everyone to make.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

Kant would support the following moral principle: one ought to seek “…the greatest good for the greatest number”

Answer 76

False

Question 77

According to Kant, the world the mind knows cannot exist independently of the mind that knows it.

Answer 77

True

Question 78

Which of the following statements is not true about John Stuart Mill?

Answer 78

Mill was completely against his father's ideas.

Question 79

According to Nietzsche, the meek should perish from the earth.

Answer 79

True

Question 80

Which of the following statements would Kant agree with?

Answer 80

A good will that does not achieve positive results is just as good as a good will that does achieve positive results.

Question 81

According to Kierkegaard our essential human nature involves a relation to God, and our existential condition is a consequence of our alienation from God.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

According to Kierkegaard,rational, mathematical, and scientific thought are capable of guiding us to a genuine existence.

Answer 82

False

Question 83

According to Schopenhauer, individual humans beings do have value for nature.

Answer 83

False

Question 84

According to Mill moral actions are those which produce what?

Answer 84

Good

Question 85

As a metaphysical theory idealism in general is the view that the universe is composed solely of mental (spiritual) things, there is in reality no material stuff.

Answer 85

True

Question 86

Kant was born in the fifteenth century.

Answer 86

False

Question 87

Kierkegaard dialectic involves the progressive actualization of the individual.

Answer 87

True

Question 88

According to Kant, knowledge begins with sense experience but is not entirely produced by sense experience.

Answer 88

True

Question 89

Which of the following philosophers would Mill most strongly agree with?

Answer 89

Epicurus

Question 90

Where was Bentham born?

Answer 90

London

Question 91

According to Kant, when you act morally,

Answer 91

you use your reason to deduce your actions from your principles.

Question 92

Comte assumed that we can overcome the pitfalls of subjectivity by “transforming the human brain into a perfect mirror of the external order.”

Answer 92

True

Question 93

According to Marx, workers feel exploited and struggle against their exploiter.

Answer 93

True

Question 94

According to Kierkegaard, the relationship between God and each individual is a unique and subjective experience.

Answer 94

True

Question 95

Which of the following best defines Bentham's principle of utility?

Answer 95

A principle which approves or disapproves of every action whatsoever, according to the tendency which it appears to augment or dimish happiness.

Question 96

The German approach to idealism had Democritus' philosophy as its starting point.

Answer 96

False

Question 97

According to Schopenhauer, the lowest being or the highest is driven by the same force, the desire for love.

Answer 97

False

Question 98

According to Marx, dialectical materialism is the economic law of motion (conflict) of modern society.

Answer 98

True

Question 99

According to Hegel, history consists in the gradual self-realization of God in the sequence of time.

Answer 99

True

Question 100

Fichte was one of the first German idealist to recognize the consistency in Kant’s “things-in-themselves” argument.

Answer 100

False