Test 3 Blood Pressure shi

Question 1

Which drugs affect the RAAS system?

Answer 1

ACE inhibitors
ARBs
Renin Inhibitors

Question 2

What do ACE inhibitors end in ?

Answer 2

• pril
  Except enaprilat

Question 3

How do ACE inhibitors work

Answer 3

Act in the lungs to prevent ACE from converting angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
Leads to decrease in BP
Results in increase potassium and loss of sodium and fluid

Question 4

Contraindications of ACE

Answer 4

Allergies
Impaired renal fx
Acute heart failure exacerbation
Salt/ volume depletion
Preg and lact

Question 5

Black box warning for ACE

Answer 5

Angioedema
Fetal tox

Question 6

Adverse effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 6

Dizziness
Orthostatic Hypotension
GI
COUGH
Headache (angioedema
Hyperkalemia

Question 7

What drugs are ACE inhibitors?

Answer 7

Benazepril
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Captopril

Question 8

What are ACE’s used for?

Answer 8

Hypertension
Heart failure
Left ventricular dysfx
Diabetic nephropathy

Question 9

Which ACE has shortest half life?

Answer 9

Captopril
Used in prevention of ventricular remodeling after MI

Question 10

Which ACE is available in both oral and parenteral?

Answer 10

Enalapril
IV route does not require cardiac monitoring
Improves pt chances of survival after MI

Question 11

What do ARB’s end in?

Answer 11

-sartan

Question 12

Examples of ARB’s

Answer 12

Azilsartan
Candesartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
Olmesartan
Telmisartan
Valsartan

Question 13

How do ARB work?

Answer 13

Bind with angiotensin 2 in vascular smooth muscle and in adrenal cortex to block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone
Lowers BP

Question 14

Adverse affects of ARB’s

Answer 14

L- Low BP
O- Other (fatigue, headache, dizziness)
S- Swelling
A- Allergic Reactioin
R- Raised Potassium
T- Teratogenic
A- Acute kidney injury
N- Nasal congestion

Hyperkalemia
Hypoglycemia
Chest pain

Question 15

Indications of ARB’s

Answer 15

Hypertension
Adjunctive drugs for treatment of HF
May be used alone or combination with other drugs liike diuretics

Question 16

Contraindications of ARB’s

Answer 16

Allergy
Preg/ Lac

Question 17

Drug interactions of ARB’s

Answer 17

NSAIDS- Decreased effectiveness
K+ containing drugs- risk for hyperkalemia
Lithium

Question 18

What do renin inhibitors do?

Answer 18

Directly inhibits renin, leading to decreased plasma renin activity and inhibiting the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1

Question 19

What drug is a renin inhibitor?

Answer 19

Aliskiren

Question 20

Adverse effect of renin inhibitor

Answer 20

Risk for hyperkalemia
Angioedema
Renal impairment

Question 21

What should you monitor renin inhibitors for?

Answer 21

Potassium
Renal fx

Question 22

What do calcium channel blockers end in?

Answer 22

-pine
most of them end in this but not all

Question 23

What do calcium channel blockers do?

Answer 23

Decrease BP
Cardiac Work Load
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption

Question 24

How do Calcium Channel Blockers work?

Answer 24

Inhibit movement of calcium ions across the membranes which alter action potential and block muscle cell contraction

Decreased heart contractibility
Decreased HR
Vasodilation

Question 25

Adverse effects of Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 25

Lowered BP Bradycardia Headache AV Block Abdominal discomfort Peripheral edema Hypotension

Question 26

Calcium Channel Blocker examples

Answer 26

Amlodapine Diltiazem Felodipine Verapamil

Question 27

What are calcium channel blockers used for?

Answer 27

Angina Hypertension Dysrhythmias Raynauds disease

Question 28

Calcium channel blocker interactions

Answer 28

NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE

Question 29

Vasodilator indications

Answer 29

Severe hypertension Refractory Hypertension Hypertensive emergencies

Question 30

What are the kinds of vasodilators?

Answer 30

Hydralazine Minoxidil Nitroglycerin Nitroprusside Calcium Channel Blockers too

Question 31

How do vasodilators work?

Answer 31

Act. directly on smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation, leading to vasodilation and drop in BP

Question 32

Vasodilator side effects? (Nitroprusside)

Answer 32

Retrosternal pressure, palpitations, cyanide toxicity, diaphoresis, nausea, vomitting, hypotension

Question 33

What is midodrine and what's it used for?

Answer 33

BP raising agent Used in treating orthostatic hypotension

Question 34

Contraindications of Midodrine

Answer 34

Supine hypotension Pheochromocytoma

Question 35

Drug interactions of midoprine

Answer 35

Cardiac glycosides(digoxin) Beta blockers Alpha adrenergic agents Corticosteroids