Test 3 Multiple Sclerosis (CNS, Spinal Cord)

Question 1

What is the pathophysiology of Multiiple Sclerosis?

Answer 1

• Multiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the development pf plaque in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS).
• This plaque damages the myelin sheath and interferes with impulse transmission between the CNS and the body. (Messages can’t get across)

Question 2

What are the risk factors and triggers of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 2

• Viruses or infectious agents
• Living in Cold climate
• Physical injury
• Emotional stress
• Pregnancy
• Fatigue
• Overexertion
• Temperature extremes
• Hot shower/bath

Question 3

What are the symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 3

• Fatigue (#1)-Especially of lower extremity
• Pain or paresthesia (numbness)
• Diplopia, changes in peripheral vision, decreased visual acuity
• Tinnitus, vertigo (spinning sensation)
• Dysphagia
• Muscle spasticity
• Ataxia (muscle weakness)
• Bladder dysfunction
• Bowel dysfunction (constipation)
• Dysarthria (slurred and nasal speech)
• Nystagmus
• Cognitive changes (memory loss, impaired judgement)
• Sexual dysfunction

Question 4

What is the medication treatment for Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 4

Medications:

Immunosuppressive agents
-Azathioprine & cyclosporine
Corticosteroids
-Prednisone
Immunomodullators
-Interferon beta
Anticonvulsants
-Carbamazepine
Antispasmodics
-Dantrolene, baclofen