Test 3 - quiz Flashcards
0
Q
And trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly we are most likely to rely on
A
.
1
Q
Best example of a category of objects events ideas or people is called a
A
Proto type
2
Q
The availability heuristic refers to our tendency to
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Estimate the likelihood of an event based on how easily we remember instances of its occurrence
4
Q
Weather forecasters typically avoid overconfidence when making weather predictions because they
A
.promptly receive clear feedback on their accuracy
5
Q
- Ojinska sold many more raffle tickets when she told people they had a 10 percent chance of winning a prize than when she told them they had a 90 percent chance of not winning. This best illustrates the importance of ___________.
A
raming.
6
Q
- The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called
A
morphemes
7
Q
- Two-year-old Dirk’s sentences—“Dad come,” “Mom laugh,” and “Truck gone”—are examples of ______.
A
telegraphic speech
8
Q
- Imagining a physical experience activates some of the same ________ that is (are) also active during the actual experience
A
neural networks
9
Q
- After a skydiving accident, Laurie was unable to make sense of other people’s speech. It is likely that she suffered brain damage to ____________.
A
Wernicke’s area.
10
Q
- Those who learn sign language as teens never become as fluent as children exposed to sign language from birth. This best illustrates the importance of ________ for mastering language
A
a critical period
11
Q
- Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person’s specific mental abilities as ___________.
A
b. the g factor.
12
Q
- Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg’s concept of analytical intelligence?
A
c. Selma, a 9-year-old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time
13
Q
- Your score on the WAIS does not indicate how well you control your impulses or deal effectively with social conflict. This best illustrates that intelligence is _______________.
A
c. a collection of distinctly different abilities.
14
Q
- Six-year-old Julie performs on an intelligence test at the same level as an average 8-year-old. Julie’s MENTAL age is ________.
A
8
15
Q
- Assessing current competence is to ________ tests as predicting future performance is to ________ tests.
A
d. achievement; aptitude
16
Q
- A test is reliable if it ______________.
A
b. yields dependably consistent scores.
17
Q
- Older adults outperformed younger adults in their responses to New York Times crossword puzzles. The superior performance of these older adults best illustrates the value of _________.
A
d. crystallized intelligence.
18
Q
Gifted child” programs can lead to ________ by implicitly labeling some students as “ungifted” and isolating them from an enriched educational environment.
A
d. self-fulfilling prophecies
19
Q
- Compared with men, women are ________ capable of remembering objects’ spatial locations and they are ________ sensitive to taste and color
A
c. more; more
20
Q
- Blacks have been found to score lower on tests of verbal aptitude when tested by Whites than when tested by Blacks. This best illustrates the impact of ____________.
A
c. stereotype threat.
21
Q
- Like evolutionary psychology, instinct theory most clearly assumed that behavior is influenced by ___________.
A
d. genetic predispositions.
22
Q
- The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for explaining an infant’s urge to ___________.
A
d. explore.
23
Q
- The specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time is known as the _____________.
A
a. set point.
24
Q
- In places where agriculture has produced milk, survival patterns have favored people with lactose tolerance. This best illustrates the impact of cultural trends on _____________.
A
a. human genetics.
25
5. Compared with past years, people in developed countries today are consuming ________ food and engaging in ________ physical activity.
b. more; less
26
6. Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be __________.
d. less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.
27
7. FEMALE fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and MALE fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires.
c. most; least
28
8. Those who view their work as a fulfilling and socially useful activity are said to view work as a ____________.
calling
29
9. Which of the following is generally the poorest predictor of future job performance?
d. evaluations from informal interviews
30
10. Encouraging employee productivity through recognition and reward illustrates effective use of ____________.
c. operant conditioning.
31
1. Religiously active people have _______ socially supportive relationships and ________ lifestyles than those who are not religiously active.
d. more; healthier
32
1. Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she’s too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of _____________.
d. pessimism.
33
2. The characteristic that most clearly contributes to the disease vulnerability of Type A personalities is their feelings of ________________.
d. anger.
34
3. Psychoneuroimmunology is most broadly concerned with how the psychological, neural, and endocrine systems together affect the ___________
c. immune system.
35
4. In response to various stressors, ________ increases your heart rate and respiration.
d. the sympathetic nervous system
36
5. When Mrs. Van Dyke first acquired a new luxury car, she was ecstatic. After several months, however, she took the car for granted and it gave her little sense of emotional excitement. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of ______________
a. the adaptation-level phenomenon.
37
6. A television producer believes that violent TV programs provide viewers an opportunity to reduce their own anger through fantasy. The producer appears to accept the ________.
d. catharsis hypothesis.
38
7. The facial expressions associated with particular emotions are ____________.
c. the same throughout the world.
39
8. As people experience positive emotions, an increase in brain activity is most evident in the ________________.
b. left frontal lobe.
40
9. When students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the ____________.
d. two-factor theory.
