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A & P > TEST 5 > Flashcards

TEST 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Surface layer of gray matter, surrounded by white matter

A

Cortex

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2
Q

deeper masses of gray matter, surrounded by white matter

A

nuclei

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3
Q

white matter is composed of…

A

tracts..bundles of axons
connects one part of brain to another, and the brain to the spinal cord

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4
Q

myelinated axons

A

white matter

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5
Q

corpus callosum in coronal view is…

A

one of the huge white matter tracts. It provides most of our communication between left and right side of brain

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6
Q

most inferior part of brainstem

A

medulla oblongata
(medulla)

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7
Q

all ascending and descending fibers connecting brain and spinal cord pass through the…

A

medulla

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8
Q

transitions to spinal cord and exits the foramen magnum…

A

medulla

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9
Q

ascending.
starts in spinal cord and goes up to brain…(passes through the medulla)

A

sensory

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10
Q

descending.
starts in brain and down to spinal cord…(passes through the medulla)

A

motor

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11
Q

hearing, equilibrium, taste, touch, pressure, temp, pain…are all ?

A

sensory functions

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12
Q

medulla contains multiple nuclei and cranial nerves involved in …

A

sensory and motor functions. medulla

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13
Q

chewing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, speech, respiration, cough, sneeze, sweat, cardiac, and GI control

A

motor functions
medulla

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14
Q

rate and force of heart contractions, blood pressure, rhythm and depth of breathing,(reticular or formation) force of contractions, diameter of blood vessels…
what function?

A

Autonomic function
medulla

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15
Q

Is severe damage to medulla compatible with life?

A

NO

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16
Q

This part of brain..
Large role in respiration and sleep. contains cerebellar peduncles that connect it and the midbrain to the cerebellum.

A

Pons

17
Q

This part of brain…
Contains both sensory, motor and autonomic functions.
sensory: hearing, equilibrium taste, face sensations.
Motor: eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing
Autonomic: urination, tear and saliva production.

A

Pons(middle portion)

18
Q

this part of brain controls…
sleep and respiration via reticular formation.
awakeness and consciousness..

A

Pons

19
Q

This part of brain contains….
awareness of pain.(in the gray matter).
Cranial nerves that control eye movement, sending signals to

A

the midbrain

20
Q

4 bodies

A

corpora Quadrigemina. located on the posterior midbrain

21
Q

tracking objects and visual attention

A

visual functions of corpora quadrigemina

22
Q

relays signals from inner ear to brain

A

auditory functions of corpora quadrigemina

23
Q

Pillars that anchor the cerebrum to the brain stem..

A

peduncles

24
Q

Filters our muscle movement-inhibits unwanted signals to our muscles.. it is called…

A

substantia nigra.
in midbrain

25
Q

damage to substantia nigra means…

A

can’t filter out unwanted movedments.
shaking, stiffness, balance issues,
Parkinson’s
You don’t have enough dopamine. dopamine cant cross BBB, so they treat with L-DOPA

26
Q

Injury to brainstem can lead to..

A

death, eye problems, cardiac or respiratory issues

27
Q

loose web of gray matter that runs through brain stem and into the upper spinal cord. is called

A

reticular (net) Formation (or network)
it occupies space between white fiber tracts and brainstem nuclei
Has connections with many areas of cerebrum

28
Q

brain, posture, rhythmic movements of breathing and swallowing…

A

somatic
function of
reticular formation

29
Q

force and rate of contractions and blood pressure…

A

cardiovascular
function of
reticular formation

30
Q

control how much we experience…

A

pain modulation..
function of reticular formation

31
Q

sleep and consciousness-alertness and sleep
-how wakeful we are.. is a function of

A

Reticular Activity System (RAS)

32
Q

damage to the Reticular Activity System (RAS) can be caused by…

A

multiple pathologies such as hernia or stroke
-hypersomnia, coma, and death

33
Q

decreased output of the Reticular Activity System is associated with…

A

norcolepsy, where you are awake and then just fall asleep

34
Q

second largest portion of the brain..

A

cerebellum (little brain)

35
Q

balance, equilibrium, and coordination are in what part of the brain..

A

cerebellum.
It knows where all the parts of the body are. It provides us with coordination.
Controls motor coordination

36
Q

this often occurs when parts of the nervous system that control movement are damaged

A

cerebellar ataxia

most forms are genetic or neurological. NO cure
This leads to atrophy or degeneration of the cerebellum

A & P (7 decks)

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