TEST 5

Question 1

Surface layer of gray matter, surrounded by white matter

Answer 1

Cortex

Question 2

deeper masses of gray matter, surrounded by white matter

Answer 2

nuclei

Question 3

white matter is composed of…

Answer 3

tracts..bundles of axons
connects one part of brain to another, and the brain to the spinal cord

Question 4

myelinated axons

Answer 4

white matter

Question 5

corpus callosum in coronal view is…

Answer 5

one of the huge white matter tracts. It provides most of our communication between left and right side of brain

Question 6

most inferior part of brainstem

Answer 6

medulla oblongata
(medulla)

Question 7

all ascending and descending fibers connecting brain and spinal cord pass through the…

Answer 7

medulla

Question 8

transitions to spinal cord and exits the foramen magnum…

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

ascending.
starts in spinal cord and goes up to brain…(passes through the medulla)

Answer 9

sensory

Question 10

descending.
starts in brain and down to spinal cord…(passes through the medulla)

Answer 10

motor

Question 11

hearing, equilibrium, taste, touch, pressure, temp, pain…are all ?

Answer 11

sensory functions

Question 12

medulla contains multiple nuclei and cranial nerves involved in …

Answer 12

sensory and motor functions. medulla

Question 13

chewing, salivation, swallowing, gagging, speech, respiration, cough, sneeze, sweat, cardiac, and GI control

Answer 13

motor functions
medulla

Question 14

rate and force of heart contractions, blood pressure, rhythm and depth of breathing,(reticular or formation) force of contractions, diameter of blood vessels…
what function?

Answer 14

Autonomic function
medulla

Question 15

Is severe damage to medulla compatible with life?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

This part of brain..
Large role in respiration and sleep. contains cerebellar peduncles that connect it and the midbrain to the cerebellum.

Answer 16

Pons

Question 17

This part of brain…
Contains both sensory, motor and autonomic functions.
sensory: hearing, equilibrium taste, face sensations.
Motor: eye movement, facial expressions, chewing, swallowing
Autonomic: urination, tear and saliva production.

Answer 17

Pons(middle portion)

Question 18

this part of brain controls…
sleep and respiration via reticular formation.
awakeness and consciousness..

Answer 18

Pons

Question 19

This part of brain contains….
awareness of pain.(in the gray matter).
Cranial nerves that control eye movement, sending signals to

Answer 19

the midbrain

Question 20

4 bodies

Answer 20

corpora Quadrigemina. located on the posterior midbrain

Question 21

tracking objects and visual attention

Answer 21

visual functions of corpora quadrigemina

Question 22

relays signals from inner ear to brain

Answer 22

auditory functions of corpora quadrigemina

Question 23

Pillars that anchor the cerebrum to the brain stem..

Answer 23

peduncles

Question 24

Filters our muscle movement-inhibits unwanted signals to our muscles.. it is called…

Answer 24

substantia nigra.
in midbrain

Question 25

damage to substantia nigra means...

Answer 25

can't filter out unwanted movedments. shaking, stiffness, balance issues, Parkinson's You don't have enough dopamine. dopamine cant cross BBB, so they treat with L-DOPA

Question 26

Injury to brainstem can lead to..

Answer 26

death, eye problems, cardiac or respiratory issues

Question 27

loose web of gray matter that runs through brain stem and into the upper spinal cord. is called

Answer 27

reticular (net) Formation (or network) it occupies space between white fiber tracts and brainstem nuclei Has connections with many areas of cerebrum

Question 28

brain, posture, rhythmic movements of breathing and swallowing...

Answer 28

somatic function of reticular formation

Question 29

force and rate of contractions and blood pressure...

Answer 29

cardiovascular function of reticular formation

Question 30

control how much we experience...

Answer 30

pain modulation.. function of reticular formation

Question 31

sleep and consciousness-alertness and sleep -how wakeful we are.. is a function of

Answer 31

Reticular Activity System (RAS)

Question 32

damage to the Reticular Activity System (RAS) can be caused by...

Answer 32

multiple pathologies such as hernia or stroke -hypersomnia, coma, and death

Question 33

decreased output of the Reticular Activity System is associated with...

Answer 33

norcolepsy, where you are awake and then just fall asleep

Question 34

second largest portion of the brain..

Answer 34

cerebellum (little brain)

Question 35

balance, equilibrium, and coordination are in what part of the brain..

Answer 35

cerebellum. It knows where all the parts of the body are. It provides us with coordination. Controls motor coordination

Question 36

this often occurs when parts of the nervous system that control movement are damaged

Answer 36

cerebellar ataxia most forms are genetic or neurological. NO cure This leads to atrophy or degeneration of the cerebellum