Test Three Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
What are the five body cavities?
A
Cranial Spinal Thoracic Abdminopelvic Visceral Organs
2
Q
Which body cavities are separated by the diaphragm?
A
Abdominopelvic and Visceral Organs
3
Q
What are the soft internal organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
A
Visceral Organs
4
Q
What tissue covers, protects, secretes, and regulates temperature?
A
Epithelial
5
Q
What tissue holds body parts together and stores energy?
A
Connective
6
Q
What tissue controls movement?
A
Muscle
7
Q
What tissue controls body activities?
A
Nerve
8
Q
What are the four tissue fluids?
A
Blood
Cerebrospinal
Interstitial
Lymph
9
Q
What fluid is found in between and surrounding tissues?
A
Interstitial
10
Q
What fluid is an interstitial fluid that enters the lymphatic system?
A
Lymph
11
Q
What are membranes?
A
Thin, flexible sheets of tissue that cover or line a part of the body
12
Q
What membrane lines enclosed body cavities?
A
Serous
13
Q
What membrane lines openings to the outside?
A
Mucous
14
Q
What membrane is also known as the skin?
A
Cutaneous
15
Q
What membrane lines joint cavities?
A
Synovial
16
Q
What is the smallest living unit of structure and function?
A
Cell
17
Q
What is the material surrounding the cell?
A
Matrix
18
Q
Evolutionist definition of vestigial organs
A
Useless part leftover from a previous ancestor
19
Q
Creationist definition of vestigial organs
A
Part we do not understand
20
Q
Examples of vestigial organs
A
Appendix
Pinneal gland
Coccyx
21
Q
5 parts of the cramium
A
Frontal Pariental Temporal Occipital Fontanels and sutures
22
Q
5 parts of the facial
A
Maxillary Palatine Mandible Zygomatic Nasal Bones (foramen)
23
Q
3 parts of the middle ear bones
A
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
24
Q
3 parts of the vertabral column
A
Vertabral
Intervertabral
Curvatures
25
5 parts of the vertabral column
```
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
```
26
2 parts of the thoracic cage
Ribs
| Sternum
27
What contains the costal cartilage?
Ribs
28
What contains the xiphoid and manubrium?
Sternum
29
4 parts of the appendicular skeleton
Pectoral girdle
Upper Extremities
Pelvic girlde
Lower Extremities
30
2 parts of the pectoral girdle
Humerus and Clavicus
31
3 parts of the upper extremities
Humerus
Forearm
Wrist and Hand
32
2 parts of the forearm
Ulna and radius
33
3 parts of the wrist and hand
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
34
5 parts of the upper extremities
```
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Patella
Foot
```
35
4 parts of the foot
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Arches
36
What do the tarsals contain?
Talus
| Calcaneus
37
What is diaphysis?
Central part of a long bone
38
What is Epiphysis?
End part of a long bone
39
What bone has red marrow?
Spongy
40
What bone has yellow marrow?
Medullary
41
What destroys bones?
Osteoclasts
42
What grows bones?
Osteoblasts
43
What is ossification?
Cartilage to bone
44
What affects bone growth?
Nutrition
Exposure to sunlight
Physical stress
45
Vitamin A source
Veggies and fruits
46
Vitamin C source
Citrus fruit and green peppers
47
Vitamin D source
Milk, egg, and yolk
48
Lacking vitamin A
Retard bone development
49
Lacking vitamin C
Slender bones
50
Lacking vitamin D
Rickets and Osteomalacia
51
What contains collagen?
Matrix
52
3 parts of nutrition for bones
Calcium
Phosphorus
Vitamins
53
Law for physical stress
Wolff's law
54
Structure of joints
Articular cartilage
Ligaments
Synovial membrane and fluid
55
Types of joints
Hinge
Ball-and-socket
Pivot
Ellipsoid
56
Examples of joints
Hinge - knee
Ball-and-socket - hip
Pivot - Altas and axis
Ellipsoid - Phalanges and metacarpals
57
3 problems of joints
Arthritis
Injuries
Bursitis
58
2 type of arthritis
Osteoarthritis
| Rheumatoid Arthritis
59
3 types of injuries
Sprain
Dislocation
Torn ligaments
60
Classification of the skeletal muscle
striated and voluntary
| Primary function is to move parts of the skeleton
61
Classification of the smooth muscle
Walls of hollow structure
Non-striated
Involuntary
62
Classification of the cardiac muscle
Found in heart walls
Striated
Involuntary
63
3 major muscles of the head
Sternocleidomastoid
Temporalis
Masseter
64
Major muscle of the shoulder
Trapezius
65
Major muscle of the ribs
Intercostals
66
3 major muscles of the upper arm
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latismus dorsi
67
2 muscles of the lower arm
Biceps brachii
| Triceps brachii
68
2 muscles of the abdominal wall
External oblique
| Rectus abdominus
69
Muscle of the upper leg
Gluteas maximus
70
3 muscles of the lower leg
Hamstring
Quadriceps femoris
Sartorius
71
2 muscles of the foot
Gastronemius
| Calconial tendon
72
Skeletal muscle structure
Fascia (tendon)
Muscle fiber
Neuromuscular junction
73
Nutrition of muscles
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Calcium
74
Exercise of muscle
Hypertrophy
Atrophy
Strength/Endurance
Warm up and cooldown
75
Red fibers have ____ twitch
Slow
76
White fibers have ____ twitch
Fast
77
Parts of the CNS
Brain and spinal cord
78
What protects the parts of the CNS
Meninges and cerebrospinal fluid
79
Parts of neurons
Dendrites
Cell body
Axon
80
Types of neurons
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
81
What matter has myelin sheath?
White matter
82
What matter does not have myelin sheath?
Gray matter
83
What connects CNS to extremities by nerves?
Peripheral Nervous System
84
Divisions of PNS
Somtic
| Autonomatic
85
Two types of autonomatic division
Sympathetic
| Parasympathetic
86
What are typical nerve pathways, including the brain?
Reflex action
87
5 parts of the reflex action
```
Receptor
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector
```
88
What part of the brain has higher mental functioning?
Cerebrum
89
4 cerebral lobes
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
90
What coordinates muscle activity?
Cerebellum
91
What lobe has motor controls?
Frontal
92
What lobe analyzes sense of touch?
Parietal
93
What lobe controls sight?
Occipital
94
What lobe controls hearing, taste, and smell?
Temporal
95
What controls the breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure?
Medulla Oblongata
96
What links cerebrum and cerebellum and helps breathing, eye movement, and facial expressions?
Pons
97
What coordinates movement of both eyes?
Midbrain
98
What is the "master switch" of the cerebrum?
Recticular formation
99
What is the switchboard?
Thalamus
100
What is the control unit for body's automatic systems?
Hypothalamus
101
What are parts of the limbic system?
Hypothalamus and thalamus
102
What controls behaviorism?
The mind
103
Proper care of neurological health
Rest and Nutrition
104
Side effects of alcohol
```
Depressant
Poison - axetaldehyde
Neuritis
Addiction
Accidents and crimes
```
105
Injuries of the brain and spinal cord?
```
Paralysis
Whiplash
Sciatica
Stroke
Concussion
Amnesia
Coma
```
106
Touch senses
Pain receptors
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
107
Chemical senses
Taste and smell (olfactory nerve)
108
Protection of the eye
Socket, eyelash, eyelid
| Tears
109
Movement of the eye
6 extrinsic muscles
110
Interior of the eye
Glaucoma - too much vitreous humor
111
Accomodation
Change in lens for close vision
112
Fovea
Layer of nerve cells
113
Cone cells
Color blindness
114
Optic nerve leaves eye
Blind spot
115
Night blindness
Rhodopsin
116
Image focused on retina
Normal vision
117
Image focused in front of retina
Myopia
118
Image focused "behind" retina
Hyperopia
