test1 Flashcards
What did Alexander Graham Bell say after meeting an 8-year-old Helen Keller?
I feel that in this child I have seen more of the Diving than has been amanifest in
anyone I ever met before.
What does Garbarino think kindles the spark of divinity in a child?
Connection, acceptance, nurtured.
Dr. Garbarino describes the most abused and neglected person he ever met, Byron. What
positive qualities did Byron possess?
He loved his children, worked with disabled adults in a halfway house, and
mentored a 14 year old boy.
What do Patrick Tolan and Nancy Guerra find to be the most effective treatments for
delinquent and criminally violent youth?
Changes in thinking along with chances to practice nonviolent behavior.
Why does Dr. Garbarino say there is no such thing as a baby?
Because babies can_t exist without a relation to another person.
What does Jack Gewirtz_ research show?
That smiling keeps each motivated to invest more in the relationship, human
babies are primed to smile.
Name and describe the four categories of attachment.
Secure is a warm and responsive attachment, insecure-avoidant is generalized
wariness and distancing on the child_s part. Insecure-ambivalent indicates a high
level of distress and inconsolability. Disorganized-disoriented pattern indicates a
mix of behavior as from the other three classifications.
Describe the study by Dymphna van den Boom. What was it_s main finding?
Teaching parenting skills to parents of difficult children in the first year of life has
a major impact 68% became securely attached instead of 28%.
What argument does Judith Rich Harris make in The Nurture Assumption?
That the effect of parenting is very much indirect.
What is a main focus of Terrance Real_s book, I Don_t Want to Talk about It?
The emotional disconnectedness among boys and men.
When Dr. Garbarino asks Malcolm whom he trusts, what does Malcolm say?
Nobody.
What two particular patterns of father influence does Dr. Garbarino say help explain
the development of violent boys?
The presence of an abusive father and the absence of a caring and resourceful
father.
Dr. Garbarino says growing up fatherless influence a child in what three important
ways?
Fatherless children are more likely to grow up in poor areas with limited
resources and children ask the question why don_t I have a father.
Dr. Garbarino tells the story of John Bowlby conducting therapy with a little boy who
hadn_t developed a secure attachment to adults. When Bowlby left the room one time to
answer the phone, what did the boy do?
The boy had thrown the cat into the fire.
Give a couple of examples from the chapter of school shooters who abused animals.
Malique _Any animal a cat, a dog, a bird or anything that we saw was moving it
could be shot.
Luke and a friend were observed beating a dog with a club, wrapping it in plastic
bag, setting it afire, and tossing it in a pond.
Malcom spoke about using his pit bulls in dogfights.
Why does Dr. Garbarino say that boys becoming the man of the house in
adolescence is often a problem?
Because once a boy has become his mother_s protector he is not about to she her
as an authority figure.
What is toxic shame? What example does Dr. Garbarino give of it?
Feeling fundamentally disgraced, intrinsically worthless and profoundly humiliated
in their own skin, just for being themselves.
What did Sheppard Kellam find in his study of violence prevention programs?
That aggressive six year old boys placed within well managed first grade classrooms run
by effective teachers were three times less likely to be highly aggressive by the time they
reached eighth grade than similarly aggressive boys who were placed in a chaotic
classroom with ineffective teachers.
When does Leonard Eron say aggressive behavior becomes largely crystallized?
By age 8.
What is the definition of Conduct Disorder? What percentage of incarcerated children have
Conduct Disorder?
A repetitive and persistent patter of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major
age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. Including aggression to people eand
animals, destruction of property deceitfulness or theft and serious violations of rules. 80%
Describe childhood-onset vs. adolescent-onset Conduct Disorder. What are charcteristics
of each, and which is more severe and/or predictive of bad behaviors in adulthood?
When conduct disorder begins in childhood rather than adolscence it is more likely to
continue into adulthood.
How does Dr. Garbarino see the label of Conduct Disorder as limited?
The term is just a label and often a label is seen as the end of the story and not the
beginning. A label does not tell us why it just tells us what. And we should avoid
dehumanizing labels.
Do most kids go through a tumultuous time with their parents when they become
teenagers?
No only 20% of teenagers demonstrate a tumultuous adolescence, on full of crisis and
turmoil.
What did the report by sociologist Richard Gelles find about children who assault their
parents?
Most children who assault their parent were once children assaulted by their parents.
Does Dr. Garbarino believe some boys are just born bad?
No, even when genetics come into play they still require an interaction with the
environment to be fully expressed.
Describe the study by Sarnoff Mednick and Elizabeth Kandel on minor physical anomalies
and later arrest rates. What did they find?
In a good environment MPA do not predict aggressive behavior. In bad environments MPA
increase the likelihood of aggression by 3.5 times compared to non MPA in similar
environments.
What did Friedrich Losel, Doris Bender, and Thomas Bliesener find concerning the
relationship between low resting heart rate and bullying?
That context matters in the impact and expression of temperamental characteristics. Low
resting heart rate mattered only in poor environments.
What analogy does Dr. Garbarino provide for how risk accumulates in a child_s life?
Juggling tennis balls. First two easy. Third can manage with some skill. With
fourth, drop everything. It is all about the accumulation of risk.
What risk factors for aggression does Judith Rich Harris identify in her book The
Nurture Assumption?
High activity level insensitivity to the feelings of others lack of physical fear beign easily
bored with routine tendency to seek excitement.
What did Eleanor Maccoby find about spoiling children in the first three months of
life?
You can_t. The more responsive mothers were in the first three months of life the more
obedient the child was at one year.
What does Gerald Patterson find about the origins of bad behavior?
That chronic bad behavior is most likely to arise in the early years of life when parents use
harsh inconsistent punishment practices instead of clear firm but warm responses when
the child exhibits unacceptable behavior.
What are the positive social maps that Dr. Garbarino says most of us develop?
The belief that I can trust people If I behave well I will be treated well I am lovable I have
allies in the world.
What are four specific negative social maps Dr. Garbarino discusses?
Hypersensitive to negative social cues. Oblivious to positive social cues. Develop a
repertory of aggressive behaviors that are readily accessible and can be easily invoked.
Drw the conclusion that aggression is a successful way of getting what they want.
According to Alan Kazdin, what percentage of children have Conduct Disorder? Is it
more prevalent in boys or girls?
4 to 7 percent. Boys are 3 to 4 times more likely to have conduct disorder.
According to Kenneth Dodge, do most abused children become violent later? Why or
why not?
No only 35% of abused kids become violent. Some develop other types of problems, some
are save by interventions programs and some have some form of positive relationship to
help them through.
What does Sharnell say his mistake was?
That he didn_t kill the other guy first.
What did Bruce Perry notice about child survivors of the Branch Davidian raid?
That their heart rate was far above normal (148 instead of the average 70)
Whom does Thomas call sissies?
Boys who cave into parental pressure or who stay home to avoid dealing with the
challenges of the street.
To Palestinian boys, who are kit kats?
Same as Thomas_s sissies.
Why did Billy eventually join a gang?
They threatened to kill his mother if he didn_t join them.
What point does Terrance Real make about males and emotions in his book I Don_t
Want to Talk About It?
Males bury their feelings in silence and externalizing them through aggression and
addiction sad and hurt men find a way to get through the day.
What are the three social contexts outside the family that Dr. Garbarino says violent
boys can find themselves in?
One in which bad behavior is identified and treated. One in which no matter how bad the
behavior there is little danger. And one in which the bad behavior falls on fertile grounds
and grows into chronic aggression.
Describe Peter_s story.
Peter was raised by his inept grandmother and grandfather during the school year and in
the summer was in NewYork City with his doped up mom and her boyfriend. Peter was left
to his own devices which ended up being a look out for a drug gang. He ended up
murdering a boy he thought was threatening his life.
What percentage of American homes have a gun?
At least 40% of all household have at least one gun.
What did the 9-year-old Dr. Garbarino talked to in California say would make him feel
safer?
A gun.
What are the four motives Jeremy Shapiro says draws children to own guns?
Code of honor, comfort with aggression, excitement and positive feelings evoked by guns,
and power and safety associated with guns.
Why did Luke Woodham say he was drawn into Satanism?
Because he was so isolated and rejected in his community.
Describe how/why Peter learned to fear to go into people_s houses.
He was at a friends how when his crazy father came in and threatened to kill everyone.
How does psychiatrist Judith Herman define trauma?
Trauma is the coming face to face with both human vulnerability in the natural world and
with the capacity for evil in human nature.
What did the study by UCLA psychologists Kathi Nader and Robert Pynoos show?
Children in Kuwaiti were traumatized because they were required to watch video footage
of the war as part of a education campaign by their government.
Describe the American Psychological Association_s analysis of television violence.
40% of violent acts are done by good guys, third of bad characters are not punished, 70%
of the aggressors show no remorse and experience no criticism or penalty fo rthei rviolent
actions.
What did Victor Papanek say about kids and violent trauma?
Children measure the danger that threatens them chiefly by the reactions of those around
them, especially their trusted parents and teachers. He observed this in children during
the 1942 London bombings.
Describe the story of how Allan became a shark eating little fishes.
He was mistakenly blamed for stealing a gun the man put at gun to his head and said he
would kill him the man was much older. After that he never left home without his own gun.
Finish this sentence that a boy told Dr. Garbarino: If I join a gang I_m 50% safe. If I
don’t join a gang, I_m ____________._
100% dead
Describe Stanley Milgram_s studies on obedience.
He shocked people. 80% of people were 100% obedient.
Dr. Garbarino talks about the film, I Still Can_t Say It. A teacher he describes was
abused as a child. When asked by the police, why didn_t the child tell the police her
mother abused her?
Because her mother could kill her.
How does military psychologist David Grossman say the American military has
changed its training practices? Why have they changed? How does Grossman think this
might relate to current youth violence?
Only 20% of solders in WWII could pull the trigger after changing from bulls eye
targets to human cut outs that number changed to 80%.
Are Vietnam War veterans_ homicide and suicide rates higher or lower than nonmilitary
people? Why?
Their suicide rates are higher but their homicide rates are lower.
According to a study commissioned by Brigadier General Marshall, what personality
trait characterizes those veterans who do NOT have PTSD like symptoms after sixty days
of combat?
Psychopaths.
Psychologist Pat Tolan studies 15-year-olds living in chaotic neighborhoods in
Chicago. What percentage of these children were neither one year behind academically
nor experiencing significant emotional or behavioral problems?
Zero. They all suffered academic deficit and mental health impairment.
Why/how does Dr. Garbarino say terminal thinking interferes with youth
development?
Almost everything positive depends upon having a future orientation.
Is partner abuse a mental disorder as outlined by the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (i.e., DSM-IV)?
Yes,
What specific behaviors are considered partner abuse?
acts occurring more than once a year, pushing, shoving, slapping and hitting.
At what age is a person most likely to commit partner abuse?
18-25 years old
What does prevalence mean? Lifetime prevalence?
Point) prevalence means amount of partner aggression that has occurred in the past year.
Lifetime prevalence, any aggression that has occurred during a person_s entire life.
In Straus & Gelles_ national survey in 1990, what percentage of women reported being physically
aggressed against within the previous year? What percentage reportedly severe abuse, such
as being beaten up?
12% and 5%.
What is the most common way to assess partner abuse? What issues does this assessment
method have?
Conflict Tactic Scale, a self and partner reporting.
What suggestions for conducting partner abuse assessments do the authors suggest?
Which questions and where and when to ask them. Phone interviews but face to face is best.
What occurs more often, husband-to-wife aggression or wife-to-husband aggression? Who
receives serious injury from partner violence more often, men or women?
They are about equal but women end up with more severe injuries. 15% of wives vs. 2% of men.
True or False? A risk factor are individual or family characteristics that cause a bad behavior to
occur more frequently. Explain your answer.
False, they don_t cause they are just related.
Describe demogrphic risk factors for partner violence by men.
Age, low SES, Race, but only to small degrees.
Describe childhood experiences that place a person at risk to commit partner violence in
adulthood.
Physically emotionally or sexually abused by parents or caretakers and/or witnessing physical
or verbal abuse between one_s parents during childhood are risk factors for partner aggression.
