The Appendicular Skeleton - Anatomy and Physiology - Laboratory

Question 1

The appendicular skeleton is composed of

Answer 1

• two pectoral girdles with the attached upper limbs
• pelvic girdle with the attached lower limbs

Question 2

how many bone in appenidcular skeleton

Answer 2

126 bones

Question 3

function of appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

enable us to move and manipulate our surroundings

Question 4

attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton and provide attachment sites for many muscles of the trunk and neck

Answer 4

pectoral girdles

Question 5

each consisting of an anterior clavicle and a posterior scapula

Answer 5

pectoral girdles

Question 6

clavicle is commonly called the

Answer 6

collarbone

Question 7

is an S-shaped flat bone and the only bony connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton.

Answer 7

clavicle

Question 8

It anchors the arm to the body (such as when you hang from a tree branch).

Answer 8

clavicle

Question 9

The major features of the clavicle include the

Answer 9

• sternal (medial) end
• acromial (lateral) end

Question 10

articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

Answer 10

sternal (medial) end

Question 11

the broader, flattened, roughened end that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

Answer 11

acromial (lateral) end

Question 12

a point on the inferior surface of the lateral end of the clavicle, attaches the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula.

Answer 12

conoid tubercle

Question 13

scapula is commonly called the

Answer 13

shoulder blade

Question 14

is a large, triangular flat bone with superior, medial,
and lateral borders

Answer 14

scapula

Question 15

(Scapula) The corners where the borders meet are the

Answer 15

superior, lateral, and inferior angles.

Question 16

on the superior border serves as a passageway for
nerves

Answer 16

suprascapular notch

Question 17

a flattened, expanded process that projects from the lateral end of the spine and articulates with the clavicle, is easily felt as the high point of the shoulder

Answer 17

acromion

Question 18

a shallow depression inferior to the acromion, receives the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint.

Answer 18

glenoid cavity

Question 19

extends anteriorly from the scapula and is an attachment site for several tendons and ligaments.

Answer 19

coracoid process

Question 20

is a prominent ridge that divides the posterior surface of the scapula into the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa

Answer 20

spine

Question 21

the bone of the arm

Answer 21

humerus

Question 22

articulates with the shallow glenoid cavity to form the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint. (humerus)

Answer 22

head

Question 23

separates the diaphysis of the bone from the head.

Answer 23

anatomical neck

Question 24

is so named because it is a common site of fractures that require surgical repair.

Answer 24

surgical neck

Question 25

are attachment sites for shoulder muscles

Answer 25

- greater tubercle - lesser tubercle - deltoid tuberosity

Question 26

a depression that runs along the posterior margin of the deltoid tuberosity, marks the course of a nerve that extends to the forearm.

Answer 26

radial groove

Question 27

the medial condyle on the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the ulna

Answer 27

trochlea

Question 28

the lateral condyle on the distal end of the humerus, articulates with the radius

Answer 28

capitulum

Question 29

a depression on the anterodistal surface of the humerus, receives the coronoid process of the ulna

Answer 29

coronoid fossa

Question 30

a depression on the posterodistal surface of the humerus, receives the olecranon process of the ulna.

Answer 30

olecranon fossa

Question 31

a small process proximal to the lateral condyle

Answer 31

lateral epicondyle

Question 32

a small process proximal to the medial condyle, are attachment sites for forearm muscles

Answer 32

medial epicondyle

Question 33

is located on the lateral aspect (thumb side) of the forearm

Answer 33

radius

Question 34

proximal, disc-shaped _______________articulates with the capitulum of the humerus.

Answer 34

radial head

Question 35

is a constricted region distal to the head

Answer 35

radial neck

Question 36

a projection just distal to the neck, is an attachment site for the biceps brachii, the major anterior arm muscle.

Answer 36

radial tuberosity

Question 37

located at the distal end of the radius, receives the head of the ulna.

Answer 37

ulnar notch

Question 38

forms the lateral boundary of the wrist

Answer 38

styloid process

Question 39

the medial bone of the forearm, is longer than the radius and connects to the radius through an interosseous membrane

Answer 39

ulna

Question 40

The ulna, the medial bone of the forearm, is longer than the radius and connects to the radius through an

Answer 40

The ulna (see Figure 10-5), the medial bone of the forearm, is longer than the radius and connects to the radius through an

Question 41

a process on the posterior surface of the proximal end, articulates with the humerus at the olecranon fossa.

Answer 41

olecranon

Question 42

on the anterior surface of the proximal end extends into the coronoid fossa of the humerus during flexion. (ulna)

Answer 42

coronoid process

Question 43

a large, curved area between the olecranon and coronoid process, articulates with the humerus at the trochlea.

Answer 43

trochlear notch

Question 44

at the proximal end of the ulna receives the head of the radius

Answer 44

radial notch

Question 45

the distal end of the ulna, articulates with the lunate of the carpals.

Answer 45

ulnar head

Question 46

is a short projection of the ulnar head that creates the medial boundary of the wrist

Answer 46

styloid process

Question 47

The wrist, hand, and fingers consist of three sets of bones:

Answer 47

carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

Question 48

wrist or

Answer 48

carpus

Question 49

The wrist (carpus) consists of eight short carpal bones arranged into two transverse rows of four bones each. In the proximal row (lateral to medial) are the

Answer 49

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform

Question 50

The wrist (carpus) consists of eight short carpal bones arranged into two transverse rows of four bones each. In the proximal row (lateral to medial) are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform. In the distal row (lateral to medial) are the

Answer 50

e trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

Question 51

The hand (manus) consists of _______metacarpal bones

Answer 51

five

Question 52

The fingers consists of _____ phalanges (singular = phalanx), or bones of the digits.

Answer 52

14

Question 53

consists of two large, irregular pelvic (hip) bones

Answer 53

pelvic girdle

Question 54

pelvic girdle is also called

Answer 54

coxal bone

Question 55

articulates with the sacrum of the vertebral column and attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton.

Answer 55

pelvic girdle

Question 56

Together, the pelvic bones and the sacrum and coccyx of the axial skeleton form the

Answer 56

bony pelvis

Question 57

Each pelvic bone is actually three separate bones

Answer 57

ilium,ischium, and pubis (pubic bone)

Question 58

a deep socket at the point of fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint

Answer 58

acetabulum

Question 59

the largest foramen in the skeleton, is formed by the fusion of the ischium and pubis; blood vessels and nerves travel through it.

Answer 59

obturator foramen

Question 60

Finally, the joint where the two pubic bones meet is the

Answer 60

pubic symphysis

Question 61

is the largest and most superior bone of the pelvic bone

Answer 61

ilium

Question 62

is the long, superior ridge of the ilium you feel when you place your hands on your hips.

Answer 62

iliac crest

Question 63

is the joint between the pubis of each pelvic bone.

Answer 63

pubic symphysis

Question 64

formed where the inferior ramus of each pubic bone unites

Answer 64

pubic arch

Question 65

or thigh bone, is the heaviest, longest, and strongest bone in the body.

Answer 65

femur

Question 66

articulates proximally with a pelvic bone to form a hip joint, and distally with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint.

Answer 66

femur

Question 67

The head is a ball-shaped projection at the proximal end of the femur that contains a small, central depression called the

Answer 67

fovea capitis

Question 68

where a ligament extending from the acetabulum attaches to secure the femur in the hip joint.

Answer 68

fovea capitis

Question 69

a constricted region of the bone distolateral to the head, is the weakest part of the femur; its fracture results in a “broken hip.” (femur)

Answer 69

neck

Question 70

are attachment sites for hip muscles

Answer 70

greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter

Question 71

is a roughened projection on the posteroproximal surface that blends into a roughened line called the linea aspera

Answer 71

gluteal tuberosity

Question 72

large rounded projections on the distal femur—articulate with the lateral condyle of the tibia and the medial condyle of the tibia, respectively.

Answer 72

lateral condyle and the medial condyle

Question 73

projections located just superior to the condyles, serve as attachment sites for knee and hip muscles.

Answer 73

lateral and medial epicondyles

Question 74

the area between the condyles on the anterior surface, articulates with the patella

Answer 74

patellar surface

Question 75

or kneecap, is a small, triangular, sesamoid bone

Answer 75

patella

Question 76

The broad proximal end of patella is called the

Answer 76

base

Question 77

the pointed distal end of patella is called the

Answer 77

apex

Question 78

or shin bone, is second only to the femur in size and strength.

Answer 78

tibia

Question 79

It articulates proximally with the fibula and the femur, and distally with the fibula and the talus bone of the ankle.

Answer 79

tibia

Question 80

an irregular projection created by the ligaments of the knee joint, separates the lateral and medial condyles

Answer 80

intercondylar eminence

Question 81

a projection on the anterior proximal surface of the tibia, is an attachment site for the patellar ligament.

Answer 81

tibial tuberosity

Question 82

is a sharp ridge inferior to and continuous with the tibial tuberosity

Answer 82

anterior crest

Question 83

an expansion of the distal end of the tibia, articulates with the talus bone of the ankle and forms the prominence that can be felt on the medial surface of the ankle

Answer 83

medial malleolus

Question 84

a thin, stick-like bone that lies parallel and lateral to the tibia, articulates both proximally and distally with the tibia and is part of the knee joint.

Answer 84

fibula

Question 85

The ankle, foot, and toes consist of three sets of bones:

Answer 85

tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

Question 86

The ankle (tarsus) consists of seven short tarsal bones:

Answer 86

- talus - calcaneus - navicular - cuboid - medial cuneiform - intermediate cunieform - lateral cuneiform

Question 87

is the only ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and the fibula.

Answer 87

talus

Question 88

is the attachment site for the Achilles (calcaneal) tendon.

Answer 88

calcaneus (or heel bone)