The Basic Tissues

Question 1

What are the 4 basic plant tissues ?

Answer 1

1. Dermal
2. Ground
3. Vascular
4. Meristem

Question 2

What is dermal tissue ?

Answer 2

The outer layer of roots, stems and leaves
Eg. Epidermis, stomata and guard cells

Question 3

What is the function of dermal tissue ?

Answer 3

1. Transpiration barrier. Waxy cuticle on surface lowers transpiration.
2. Gas exchange
3. Defence and protection

Question 4

What are the 3 types of ground tissue ?

Answer 4

1. Parenchyma
2. Collenchyma
3. Sclerechyma

Question 5

What is parenchyma ?

Answer 5

The most common ground tissue.
It has a thin cell wall.
It is the primary component of young plant organs.

Question 6

What are the functions of parenchyma ?

Answer 6

1. Storage of starch and other metabolites
2. Photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the function of collenchyma ?

Answer 7

Adaptable, mechanical support

Question 8

What is sclerenchyma ?

Answer 8

They have primary and secondary cell walls.
Primary = cellulose
Secondary = lignin
It is formed of two types of cells :
1. Fibres- long, non living strands
2. Sclereids- hard covering around seeds of stone fruits like walnuts

Question 9

What is the function of sclerenchyma ?

Answer 9

Rigid support and protection

Question 10

What is vascular tissue ?

Answer 10

There are two types:
1. Xylem- dead, hollow cells. Flows from roots upwards.
2. Phloem- living cells. Multidirectional.

Question 11

What is the function of vascular tissue ?

Answer 11

1. Xylem- transports water and minerals
2. Phloem- transports sugars and other nutrients

Question 12

What is meristem tissue ?

Answer 12

Undifferentiated parenchyma cells.
Generate new cells that can differentiate into new cell types.

Question 13

What is the function of meristem tissue ?

Answer 13

Responsible for plant growth.
Sites of active growth.
Apical meristems: in roots and shoots, causes lengthening
Lateral meristems: along sides of stems and roots, causing thickening

Question 14

What are the 4 basic animal tissues ?

Answer 14

1. Epithelium
2. Connective tissue
3. Muscle
4. Nerve

Question 15

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue ?

Answer 15

1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth

Question 16

Describe skeletal muscle

Answer 16

It is striated.
Attached to bones via tendons.
Voluntary movements, posture and force generation.

Question 17

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 17

Striated, branched, cylindrical cells that are connected by intercalated discs.
Involuntary muscle responsible for pumping blood through the heart.
Abundant mitochondria for energy.

Question 18

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 18

Non-striated
Involuntary muscle
Found in blood vessels, intestines, bladder etc.

Question 19

What is the function of smooth muscle ?

Answer 19

1. Peristalsis in the gut
2. Vasoconstriction in blood vessels
3. Bladder release

Question 20

What is nerve tissue ?

Answer 20

Composed of neurons and glial cells.
Found in the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs.

Question 21

What is the function of nerve tissue ?

Answer 21

1. Detect stimuli
2. Transmit nerve impulses
3. Process and interpret information

Question 22

What is the function of connective tissue ?

Answer 22

1. Support
2. Wound healing
3. Storage of energy
4. Packing and space filling

Question 23

Describe types of connective tissue

Answer 23

1. Bone- made mainly of extra cellular matrix (ECM)
2. Fibroblasts- secrete ECM
3. Adipocytes- store lipids as droplets

Question 24

What are tissues ?

Answer 24

A collection of cells and extracellular materials specialised for a particular function

Question 25

What are organs ?

Answer 25

A distinct functional unit formed from 2 or more tissue types

Question 26

What is an organ system?

Answer 26

A collection of organs with related functions

Question 27

What is collenchyma ?

Answer 27

Live, mature cells with thicker cell walls. Elongated cells that can connect together to form resilient strands. Beneath epidermis of stems and leaves