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Medical Terminology > The Blood System > Flashcards

The Blood System Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

What is the blood system?

A

It transports life-sustaining nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to all parts of the body.

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2
Q

Combining form: agglutin/o

A

Clumping

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3
Q

Combining form: eosin

A

Rosy red

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4
Q

Combining form: erythr/o

A

red

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5
Q

Combining form: hemo, hemat/o

A

blood

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6
Q

Combining form: leuk/o

A

white

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7
Q

Combining form: phag/o

A

eating, devouring

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8
Q

Define: albumin

A

One of the main groups of plasma proteins that helps regulate water movement between blood and tissue

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9
Q

Define: globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin

A

Three of the four main groups of plasma proteins

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10
Q

Define: gamma globulins

A

Function as part of the immune system and arise in the lymphatic tissue

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11
Q

Define: electrophoresis

A

Globulins being separated from each other through an electrical process

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12
Q

Define: plasmapheresis

A

Process that uses centrifuging to take a patient’s blood and return only red cells to the patient

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13
Q

Define: coagulation

A

The process of clotting

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14
Q

Define: thromboplastin

A

The site where platelets clump and release a protein

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15
Q

Define: fibrin clot

A

thromboplastin combined with calcium and various clotting factors

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16
Q

Define: thrombin

A

An enzyme which helps form the clot

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17
Q

Define: heparin

A

An element of blood that prevents clots from forming

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18
Q

Define: erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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19
Q

Define: leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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20
Q

Define: thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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21
Q

Define: hematocrit

A

The measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells

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22
Q

Define: stem cells

A

Immature blood cells in the bone marrow

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23
Q

Define: erythropoietin

A

a hormone produced in the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

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24
Q

Define: hemoglobin

A

a protein within red blood cells that aids in the transport of oxygen

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25
Define: heme
A pigment containing iron
26
Define: globin
a protein
27
Define: granulocytes
WBC that have a granular cytoplasm and have a nuclei with several lobes
28
Define: neutrophils
Most plentiful leukocytes. They remove small particles of unwanted material from the bloodstream
29
Define: eosinophils
Make up only about 1-3% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They kill parasites and help control inflammations and allergic reactions
30
Define: basophils
Make up less than 1% of leukocytes in the bloodstream. They release heparin, an anticlotting factor, and histamine
31
Define: histamine
a substance involved in allergic reactions
32
Define: agranulocytes
A group of leukocytes that have cytoplasm with no granules.
33
Define: monocytes
The largest blood cells, make up 3-9% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. They destroy large particles of unwanted material
34
Define: lymphocytes
Make up 25-33% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream. Essential to the immune system.
35
Define: megakaryocytes
Platelets are fragments the break off from large cells in the red bone marrow called megakaryocytes
36
Define: transfusion
When blood is needed and added to ones bloodstream
37
Define: agglutination
Clumping of antigens
38
Define: Rh factor
Positive or negative element in the blood
39
Define: agglutinogens
Substances that can cause agglutination
40
Define: eosinopenia
Abnormally low count of eosinophils
41
Define: leukoblast
An immature white blood cell
42
Define: erthryocyte
a red blood cell
43
Define: thrombocyte
A cell involved in blood clotting
44
Define: agglutinogens
Cause the production of agglutinin
45
Define: phagocyte
A cell that consumes other substances
46
Define: hemodialysis
An external dialysis performed by separating solid substances and water from the blood
47
Define: cytoplasm
The solution the fills the cell and that is enclosed by the cell membrane
48
What is a: complete blood count?
common screen for basic medical checkup
49
What is: blood chemistry?
Test of plasma for presence of most substances such as glucose, cholesterol, uric acid and electrolytes
50
What is: biochemistry panel?
group of automated tests for various common diseases or disorders
51
What is: blood indices?
measurement of size, volume and content of red blood cell
52
What is: blood culture?
test of blood specimen in a culture in which microorganisms are observes; test for infections
53
What is: erythrocyte sedimentation?
test for rate at which red blood cells fall through plasma
54
What is: white blood cell differential and red blood cell morphology?
test for number of types of leukocytes and shape of red blood cells
55
What is: platelet count?
test for number of thrombocytes in a blood sample
56
What is: partial thromboplastin time?
test for coagulation defects
57
What is: prothrombin time?
test for coagulation defects
58
What is: antiglobulin test?
test for antibodies on red blood Coombs' test
59
What is: white blood count?
number of white blood cells in a sample
60
What is: red blood count?
number of red blood cells in a sample
61
What is: hemoglobin?
level of hemoglobin in blood
62
What is: hematocrit?
measure of packed red blood cells in a sample
63
What is: phlebotomy or venipuncture?
withdrawal of blood for examination
64
What is: dyscrasia?
General term for any disease of the blood with abnormal material present
65
What is: anemia?
General term for a condition in which the red blood cells do not transport enough oxygen to the tissues due to a deficiency in number or quality of red blood cells
66
What is: sickle cell anemia?
a hereditary condition characterized by sickle-shaped red blood cells
67
What is: thalassemia?
an inherited disorder resulting in an inability to produce sufficient hemoglobin
68
What is: von Willebrand disease?
is a hemorrhagic disorder in which there is a greater tendency to bleed due to the lack of a clotting factor
69
What is: hemophilia or thrombocytopenia?
Excessive bleeding
70
What is: purpura?
A condition with multiple tiny hemorrhages under the skin
71
What is: pancytopenia?
A condition with a low number of all blood cell components
72
What is: erythropenia?
A disorder with an abnormally low number of red blood cells
73
What is: polycythemia?
A disease that causes an abnormal increase in red blood cells and hemoglobin
74
What is: hemolysis?
a disorder with breakdowns in the red blood cell membrane
75
What is: leukemia?
General term for a disorder with an excessive increase in white blood cells in the bone marrow and bloodstream
76
What is: myeloblast?
Disorder in which immature granulocytes invade the bone marrow
77
What is: erythroblastosis fetalis?
Rh factor incompatibility between the mother and the fetus, which can cause death to the fetus
78
What is: multiple myeloma?
A malignant tumor of the bone marrow
79
Define: bone marrow biopsy
Used in the diagnosis of various blood disorders. A needle is introduced into the bone marrow cavity and marrow is extracted for examination
80
Define: bone marrow transplant
A donors marrow is introduced into the bone marrow of the recipient. Usually done for serious ailments, such as leukemia and cancer.
81
Abbreviation: baso
basophil
82
Abbreviation: BMT
bone marrow transplant
83
Abbreviation: CBC, cbc
complete blood cell count
84
Abbreviation: eos
eosinophil
85
Abbreviation: ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
86
Abbreviation: Hgb, Hb
hemoglobin
87
Abbreviation: mono
monocyte
88
Abbreviation: neut
neutrophil
89
Abbreviation: PT
prothrombin time
90
Abbreviation: PTT
partial thromboplastin time
91
Abbreviation: RBC
red blood cell count
92
Abbreviation: Rh
rhesus
93
Abbreviation: SR
sedimentation rate
94
Abbreviation: WBC
White blood cell count

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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