The Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
Describe the function of the respiratory system
A
The body’s system for breathing. It’s primary function involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere, the body, and it’s cells
2
Q
Combining form: adenoid/o
A
adenoid
3
Q
Combining form: alveol/o
A
alveolus
4
Q
Combining form: bronch/o, bronchi/o
A
bronchus
5
Q
Combining form: bronchiol/o
A
bronchiole
6
Q
Combining form: capn/o
A
carbon dioxide
7
Q
Combining form: epiglott/o
A
epiglottis
8
Q
Combining form: laryng/o
A
larynx
9
Q
Combining form: lob/o
A
lobe of the lung
10
Q
Combining form: mediastin/o
A
mediastinum
11
Q
Combining form: nas/o
A
nose
12
Q
Combining form: or/o
A
mouth
13
Q
Combining form: ox/o, oxi-, oxy-
A
oxygen
14
Q
Combining form: pharyng/o
A
pharynx
15
Q
Combining form: phon/o
A
voice, sound
16
Q
Combining form: phren/o
A
diaphragm
17
Q
Combining form: pleur/o
A
pleura
18
Q
Combining form: pneum/o, pneumon/o
A
air, lung
19
Q
Combining form: rhin/o
A
nose
20
Q
Combining form: spir/o
A
breathing
21
Q
Combining form: steth/o
A
chest
22
Q
Combining form: thorac/o
A
thorax, chest
23
Q
Combining form: tonsill/o
A
tonsils
24
Q
Combining form: trache/o
A
trachea
25
Define: respiratory system
the body's breathing system
26
Define: external respiration
breathing or exchanging air between the body and the external environment
27
Define: internal respiration
bringing the oxygen to the cells and removing carbon dioxide from them
28
Define: lungs
organs where oxygenation of blood takes place
29
Define: respiratory tract
passageway through which air moves in and out of the lungs
30
Define: inspiration
breathing in or inhalation
31
What is the function of the nose?
to warm, filter, and moisten the air you inhale
32
Define: nasal septum
a strip of cartilage that separates the two external nares (nostrils)
33
Define: cilia
nose hairs in the nasal cavity that filter out the foreign bodies
34
Define: pharynx
the passageway for both food and air (also called the throat)
35
Define: nasopharynx
a subdivision of the pharynx that lies above the soft palate
36
Define: soft palate
flexible muscular sheet that separates the nasopharynx from the rest of the pharynx
37
Define: pharyngeal tonsils
more commonly known as the adenoids, and they aid in the body's immune defense
38
Define: oropharynx
a subdivision of the pharynx - the back portion of the mouth
39
Define: palatine tonsils
lymphatic tissue that works as part of the immune system
40
Define: laryngopharynx
the bottom and third section of the pharynx. Here, the respiratory tract divides into the esophagus, the passageway for food, and the voice box
41
Define: larynx
voice box
42
Define: trachea
cartilaginous and membranous tube that connects the larynx to the right and left bronchi - also known as the windpipe
43
Define: epiglottis
a moveable flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx every time you swallow to prevent food from entering
44
Define: glottis
opening to the larynx
45
Define: vocal cords
strips of epithelial tissue that vibrate when muscular tension is applied
46
Define: thyroid cartilage
two cartilage disks joined at an angle to support the larynx - also called the Adam's apple
47
Define: bronchi
the tubular branches into which the larynx divides
48
Define: mediastinum
a general term for the median area, especially one with a septum
49
Define: septum
cartilaginous division
50
Define: expiration
air being pushed out of the lungs that travels up through the respiratory tract and then expelled into the environment - also called exhalation
51
Define: bronchioles
many smaller branches of the bronchi
52
Define: alveolus
air sacs that sit in clusters at the end of each bronchiole
53
Define: thorax
another name for the thoracic cavity
54
Define: pleura
the outside double layer of the lungs
55
Define: parietal pleura
the outer layer of the pleura that lines the thoracic cavity, the inside of the ribs
56
Define: visceral pleura
the inner layer of the pleura that covers the surface of the lungs
57
Define: pleura cavity
the space between the two layers of the pleura that is filled with pleural fluid that prevents contact between the ribs and the lungs
58
Define: apex
the topmost section of the lungs
59
Define: hilum
the middle area of the lung (also called the hilus)
60
Define: base
the lower section of the lungs
61
Describe the divisions of each lung
the right lung is divided into the superior lobe, the middle lobe, and the inferior lobe, while the left, smaller lung, is divided into the superior and inferior lobes
62
Define: diaphragm
major muscle that contracts in the thoracic cavity. It lowers itself when it contracts, allowing more space
63
Define: intercostal muscles
the muscles between the ribs - pull the ribs upward and outward when they contract, enlarging the thoracic cavity
64
What is epiglottitis?
inflammation of the epiglottis
65
What is a phonometer?
an instrument for measuring sounds
66
What is rhinitis?
inflammation of the nose
67
What is an adenoidectomy?
An operation for removal of adenoid growths
68
What is pleuritis?
inflammation of the pleura
69
What is a capnogram?
A continuous recording of the carbon dioxide in expired air
70
What is nasogastric?
relating to the nasal passages and the stomach
71
What is a tonsillectomy?
Removal of one entire tonsil, or both
72
What is bronchitis?
inflammation of the lining in the bronchial tubes
73
What is pneumolith?
calculus in the lungs
74
What is the oropharnyx?
the part of the pharynx that lies behind the mouth
75
What is a tracheoscopy?
an inspection of the interior of the trachea
76
What is mediastinitis?
inflammation of the tissue of the mediastinum
77
What is alveolitis?
inflammation of the alveoli
78
What is a stethoscope?
an instrument used to listen to the sounds in the chest
79
What is a lobectomy?
removal of a lung lobe
80
What is pneumonitis?
inflammation of the lungs
81
What is phrenitis?
inflammation of the diaphragm
82
What is a laryngoscope?
a device used to examine the larynx through the mouth
83
What is a spirometer?
an instrument used to measure respiratory gases
84
What is bronchiolitis?
inflammation of the bronchioles
85
What is an oximeter?
an instrument for measuring oxygen saturation of blood
86
What is a thoracotomy?
an incision into the chest wall
87
What is pharyngitis?
inflammation of the pharynx
88
Define: auscultation
the process of listening to the lungs with a stethoscope
89
Define: percussion
the act of tapping over the lung area to see if the lungs are clear or full of fluid
90
Define: pulmonary function tests
A test that measures the mechanics of breathing
91
Define: peak flow meter
a measuring device used to check breathing capacity
92
Define: spirometer
a machine that tests pulmonary function by measuring the lungs' volume and capacity
93
Define: bronchography
provides a radiological picture of the trachea and the bronchi
94
Define: endoscope
a viewing tube
95
Define: bronchoscope
a device used for bronchoscopy
96
Define: nasopharyngoscopy
a process where a flexible endoscope is used to examine nasal passages and the pharynx
97
Define: laryngoscopy
the procedure for examining the mouth and larynx
98
Define: mediastinoscopy
a procedure for examining the mediastinum area and all the organs within it
99
Define: throat cultures
are commonly used to diagnose streptococcal infections
100
Define: sputum sample
a sample that may be taken and cultured to identify any disease-causing organisms
101
Define: arterial blood gases (ABGs)
Measurement of the levels of pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasms of arterial blood
102
Define: sweat test
measures the amount of salt in sweat and is used to confirm cystic fibrosis
103
What is pharyngitis?
A sore throat and inflammation of the pharynx
104
What is laryngotracheobronchitis?
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and the bronchi
105
What is adenoiditis?
inflammation of the adenoids
106
What is chronic bronchitis?
recurring or long lasting bronchitis
107
What is tonsillitis?
inflammation of the tonsils
108
What is pleurisy?
inflammation of the pleura
109
What is tracheitis?
inflammation of the trachea
110
What is laryngitis?
inflammation of the larynx
111
What is nasopharyngitis?
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
112
What is sinusitis?
inflammation of the sinuses
113
What is eupnea?
normal breathing
114
What is apnea?
Absence of breathing
115
What is tachypnea?
fast breathing
116
What is hyperpnea?
abnormally deep breathing
117
What is orthopnea?
difficulty breathing, especially while lying down
118
What is bradypnea?
slow breathing
119
What is dyspnea?
difficult breathing
120
What is hypopnea?
shallow breathing
121
What is Cheyne-Stokes respiration?
an irregular breathing pattern with a period of apnea followed by deep, labored breathing that becomes shallow, then apneic
122
What are crackles or rales?
popping sounds heard in lung collapse or other conditions, such as congestive heart failure or pneumonia.
123
What are wheezes or rhonchi?
irregular sound occurring during attacks of asthma or emphysema
124
What is stridor?
a high pitched crowing sound
125
What is dysphonia?
hoarseness, often associated with laryngitis
126
What is hyperventilation?
excessive breathing in and out
127
What is hypoventilation?
abnormally low movement of air in and out of the lungs
128
What is hypercapnia?
excessive build up of carbon dioxide in the lungs
129
What is hypoxemia?
deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
130
What is hypoxia?
deficient amount of oxygen in tissue
131
What is an upper respiratory infection?
a term that covers an infection of some or all of the upper respiratory tract
132
What is croup?
acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants
133
What is diphtheria?
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract
134
Define: nosebleed or epistaxis
results from trauma or a spontaneous rupture of blood vessels in the nose
135
Define: rhinorrhea
nasal discharge usually caused by an inflammation or infection
136
Define: whooping cough or pertussis
a severe infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea
137
Define: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a term for any disease with chronic obstruction of the bronchial tubes and lungs
138
Define: asthma
a condition of bronchial airway obstruction
139
Define: hemoptysis
a lung or bronchial hemorrhage that results in the coughing up of blood
140
Define: cystic fibrosis
involves chronic airway obstruction caused by disease of the exocrine glands
141
Define: atelectasis
an incomplete expansion of the lung or part of the lung
142
Define: emphysema
hyperinflation of the air sacs often caused by smoking
143
Define: pneumonia
acute infection of the alveoli
144
Define: tuberculosis
a highly infectious disease caused by rod-shaped bacteria that invade the lungs and cause small swellings and inflammation
145
Define: bacilli
rod-shaped bacteria
146
Define: pulmonary abscess
A large collection of pus in the lungs
147
Define: pulmonary edema
a buildup of fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
148
Define: pneumoconiosis
a lung condition caused by dust in the lungs
149
Define: black lung or anthracosis
caused by coal dust
150
Define: asbestosis
a condition caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles
151
Define: pneumothorax
an accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity
152
Define: empyema
pus in the pleural cavity
153
Define: hemothorax
blood in the pleural cavity
154
Define: pleural effusion
an escape of fluid into the pleural cavity
155
Define: mesothelioma
a cancer associated with asbestosis
156
Define: bronchospasms
severe spasms in the bronchi
157
Define: laryngospasms
severe spasms in the larynx
158
Define: otorhinolaryngologists
doctors that specialize in disorders of the upper respiratory tract
159
Define: laryngectomy
removes the larynx
160
Define: pneumonectomy
the excision of a lung
161
Define: bronchoplasty
a surgical repair of the bronchus
162
Define: laryngoplasty
a surgical repair of the larynx
163
Define: rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
164
Define: septoplasty
surgical repair of the nasal septum
165
Define: tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
166
Define: thoracic surgeons
specialists who perform procedures that involve incisions into parts of the respiratory system
167
Define: laryngotracheotomy
an incision of the larynx and trachea
168
Define: septostomy
a creation of an opening in the nasal septum
169
Define: sinusotomy
an incision of the sinus
170
Define: thoracotomy
an incision into the chest cavity
171
Define: thoracostomy
an establishment of an opening in the chest cavity to drain fluid
172
Define: tracheotomy
an incision into the trachea usually to provide an airway
173
Define: laryngocentesis
surgical puncture of the larynx
174
Define: pleurocentesis
surgical puncture of the pleural space
175
Define: thoracentesis
surgical puncture of the chest cavity
176
Define: tracheostomy
artificial tracheal opening
177
Define: laryngostomy
artificial laryngeal opening
178
Define: endotracheal intubation
insertion of a tube through the nose or mouth, pharynx, and larynx, into the trachea to establish an airway
179
What are bronchodilators?
drugs that dilate the walls of the bronchi
180
What are expectorants?
drugs that promote coughing and the expulsion of mucus
181
What are antitussives?
drugs that relieve coughing
182
What are decongestants?
drugs that help with congestion of the upper respiratory tract
183
What are ventilators?
mechanical device that serves as a breathing substitute for patients who cannot breathe on their own
184
What are nebulizers?
mechanical device that delivers medication through the nose or mouth to ease breathing problems
185
Abbreviations: ABG
arterial blood gas
186
Abbreviations: AFB
acid-fast bacillus
187
Abbreviations: ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
188
Abbreviations: COPD
chronic obstruction pulmonary disease
189
Abbreviations: CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
190
Abbreviations: LRT
lower respiratory tract
191
Abbreviations: MDI
metered dose inhaler
192
Abbreviations: PFT
pulmonary function test
193
Abbreviations: SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
194
Abbreviations: SOB
shortness of breath
195
Abbreviations: TB
tuberculosis
196
Abbreviations: URT
upper respiratory tract
