The Urinary System Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
What is the role of the urinary system?
A
To maintain the proper amount of water in the body and remove waste products from the blood by excreting them in the urine
2
Q
What does the urinary system consist of?
A
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
3
Q
What are kidneys?
A
organs that remove dissolved waste and other substances from the blood and urine
4
Q
What are ureters?
A
Tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder
5
Q
What is the bladder?
A
the organ that stores urine
6
Q
What is the urethra?
A
a tubular structure that transports urine through the meatus, the external opening of a canal, to the outside of the body
7
Q
Combining form: cali/o, calic/o
A
calyx
8
Q
Combining form: cyst/o
A
bladder, especially the urinary bladder
9
Q
Combining form: glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
10
Q
Combining form: meat/o
A
meatus
11
Q
Combining form: nephr/o
A
kidney
12
Q
Combining form: pyel/o
A
renal pelvis
13
Q
Combining form: ren/o
A
kidney
14
Q
Combining form: trigon/o
A
trigone
15
Q
Combining form: ur/o, urin/o
A
urine
16
Q
Combining form: ureter/o
A
ureter
17
Q
Combining form: urethr/o
A
urethra
18
Q
Combining form: -uria
A
of urine
19
Q
Combining form: vasic/o
A
bladder, generally used when describing something in relation to the bladder
20
Q
Define: retroperitoneal
A
The space behind the abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebral column that house the kidneys
21
Q
Define: reabsorption
A
the process of retaining substances the body needs done by the kidneys
22
Q
How is urine produced?
A
The filtration of water, salts, sugar, urea, and other nitrogenous waste materials such as creatine and uric acid.
23
Q
Define: cortex
A
the outer protective portion of the kidneys
24
Q
Define: medulla
A
the inner soft portion of the kidneys
25
Define: hilum
a depression in the middle of the concave side of the kidneys
26
Define: nephron
functional part of the kidney that removes waste products from the blood and produces urine
27
Define: glomerulus
a group of capillaries that make up the renal corpuscle
28
Define: renin
a substance produced by the kidneys when there is insufficient blood flow that causes an increase in the blood pressure to maintain the filtration rate of blood
29
Define: Bowman's capsule
surround each glomerulus and this is where the fluid collects
30
Define: renal pelvis
a collecting area in the center of the kidneys
31
Define: calices, calyces, calyx
small cuplike structures in the renal pelvis that collect urine
32
Define: trigone
a triangular area at the base of the bladder where the ureters enter the bladder and the urethra exits it
33
Define: trigonitis
inflammation of the trigone of the bladder
34
Define: meatotomy
surgical enlargement of the meatus
35
Define: cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
36
Define: urethrorrhea
abnormal discharge from the urethra
37
Define: nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
38
Define: calioplasty
surgical reconstruction of the calix
39
Define: anuria
lack of urine formation
40
Define: uremia
excess urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood
41
Define: pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
42
Define: glommerulitis
inflammation of the glomeruli.
43
Define: vesicoabdominal
relates to the urinary bladder and the abdominal wall
44
Define: renomegaly
enlargement of the kidney
45
Define: ureterotenosis
narrowing of a ureter
46
What is urinalysis?
the examination of urine for its physical, chemical, and microscopic properties
47
What is the first phase in urinalysis?
During this phase, the colour, turbidity, and specific gravity or urine give certain diagnostic clues.
48
What is the second phase in urinalysis?
The chemicals present in urine are determined, including pH levels
49
What is the third phase in urinalysis?
the urine sediment is examined for solids or casts, which are performed when protein accumulates in the urine
50
What is a cystoscopy?
the insertion of a tubular instrument to examine a bladder with light
51
What is a cystoscope?
the tubular instrument used in cystoscopy
52
What is a kidney, ureter, bladder?
an x-ray of three parts of the urinary tract
53
What is a retrograde pyelogram?
an x-ray of the kidney, bladder, and ureters taken after a cystoscope is used to introduce a contrast medium
54
What is a voiding cystogram, voiding cystourethrogram?
an x-ray taken during urination to examine the flow of urine through the system
55
What is a renogram?
used to study kidney function
56
What is dialysis?
the process of mechanically maintaining kidney or renal function when kidney failure occurs
57
What is hemodialysis?
the process of filtering blood outside the body in an artificial kidney machine and returning it to the body after filtering
58
What is peritoneal dialysis?
the insertion and removal of a dialysis solution into the peritoneal cavity
59
What is extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy?
the breaking up of urinary stones by using shock waves from outside the body
60
Describe: urinary tract infection
commonly refers to a bladder or urethra infection
61
Describe: nephritis
inflammation of the kidneys
62
Describe: glomerulonephritis
kidney inflammation located in the glomeruli
63
Describe: pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
64
Describe: nephrosis
a group of symptoms usually following or related to another illness that causes protein loss in the urine
65
Describe: proteinuria
protein loss in the urine
66
Describe: edema
swelling
67
Describe: hydronephrosis
a collection of urine in the kidneys without release due to a blockage
68
Describe: polycystic kidney disease
a progressive, hereditary condition in which numerous kidney cysts form that can cause other conditions in adults, such as high blood pressure and excess blood and waste in the urine
69
Describe: kidney failure
the loss of kidney function
70
Describe: uremia, azotemia
excesses or urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
71
Describe: nephroblastoma
a malignant tumor of the kidneys found primarily in children
72
Describe: nephroma
any renal tumour
73
Describe: cystitis
inflammation of the bladder
74
Describe: cystolith
a stone in the bladder
75
Describe: anuria
no waste output
76
Describe: dysuria
painful urination
77
Describe: enuresis
lack of bladder control
78
Describe: nocturia
frequent bedtime urination
79
Describe: oliguria
excessive urination
80
Describe: polyuria
urination during sneezing or coughing
81
Describe: incontinence
involuntary discharge of urine or feces
82
Describe: albuminuria or proteinuria
indicates the presence of albumin in the urine
83
Describe: hematuria
indicates the presence of blood in the urine
84
Describe: ketonuria
indicates the presence of ketone bodies in the urine
85
Describe: pyuria
indicates the presence of pus and white blood cells in the urine
86
Describe: atresia
narrowing of the ureters or urethra
87
Describe: urology
the practice of medicine specializing in the urinary tract
88
Describe: nephrectomy
the removal of a diseased kidney
89
Describe: nephrolysis
the removal of adhesions in the kidney
90
Describe: nephrostomy
the creation of an opening in the kidney leading to the outside of the body
91
Describe: nephrolithotomy
surgical removal of a kidney stone
92
Describe: nephropexy
surgical affixing a floating kidney in place
93
Describe: nephrorrhaphy
suturing of a damaged kidney
94
Describe: pyelotomy
an incision into the renal pelvis
95
Describe: pyeloplasty
the surgical repair of the renal pelvis
96
Describe: ureteroplasty
surgical repair of a ureter
97
Describe: ureterorrhaphy
the suture of a damaged ureter
98
Describe: ureterectomy
surgical removal of a diseased ureter
99
Describe: lithotomy or lithectomy
removal of stones from the bladder
100
Describe: cystectomy
the removal of the bladder
101
Describe: cystopexy
surgical fixing the bladder to the abdominal wall
102
Describe: cystoplasty
the surgical repair of the bladder
103
Describe: cystorrhaphy
suturing of a damaged bladder
104
Describe: urethroplasty
surgical repair of the urethra
105
Describe: urethropexy
surgical fixation of the urethra
106
Describe: urethrorrhaphy
suturing of the urethra
107
Describe: urethrostomy
surgical creation of an opening between the urethra and the skin
108
Describe: meatotomy
surgical enlargement of the opening of the meatus
109
Describe: urethrotomy
a surgical incision to enlarge the narrowed area of the urethra
110
Describe: urostomy
the creation of an artificial opening in the abdomen through which urine exits the body
111
Describe: intracorporeal electrohydraulic lithotripsy
is the use of an endoscope to break up stones in the urinary tract
112
Describe: resectoscope
an endoscopy used to cut and remove lesions in parts of the urinary system
113
What are antispasmodics?
medication that relieves spasms
114
What are diuretics?
medication that increase the secretion of urine
115
What are antihypertensives or ACE inhibitors?
medications to control blood pressure related to fluid imbalance from compromised kidney function
116
What are antibiotics?
spectrum antibacterial agents used to treat UTI bacterial infections within the urinary tract
117
What are anticholinergics?
drugs that are used to treat overactive bladder
118
Abbreviations: ARF
acute renal failure
119
Abbreviations: BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
120
Abbreviations: CRF
chronic renal failure
121
Abbreviations: ESRD
end-stage renal disease
122
Abbreviations: ESWL
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
123
Abbreviations: EUD
external urinary drainage
124
Abbreviations: GFR
glomerular filtration rate
125
Abbreviations: GU
genitourinary
126
Abbreviations: I&O
intake and output
127
Abbreviations: IVP
intravenous pyelogram
128
Abbreviations: KUB
kidney/ureter/bladder
129
Abbreviations: RP
retrograde pyelogram
130
Abbreviations: UA, U/A
urinalysis
131
Abbreviations: UTI
urinary tract infection
132
Abbreviations: VCG
voiding cystogram
133
Abbreviations: VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram
