Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

KSUCPM CELL AND TISSUE > THE CELL JBLE > Flashcards

THE CELL JBLE Flashcards

CHECK ON LEARNING

1
Q

most abundant protein in mammals?

A

collagens, 90% of the time its type I, 30% of body weight is collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

this type of protein has great tensile strength, flexible but non-elastic

A

collagens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what produces collagen?

A

fibroblasts, mesenchyme, bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is this collagen type?

2 alpha 1
1 alpha 2

most ubiquitous, found in bones, tendons, healing more

A

Type I collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is this collagen type?

3 alpha 2

made by chondroblasts in cartilage, fibers found in cartilage

A

Type II collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is this collagen type?

3 alpha 3 chains

in reticular fibers

A

Type III collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is this collagen type?

3 alpha 4 chains

in basal laminae

A

type IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is this collagen type?

structure unknown, fetal membranes

A

type V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is this collagen type?

collagen is an interlinking collagen important for formation of basement membranes

A

type VII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

this type of fiber is thin, primitive, a type III collagen

stains with silver
fragile and form fine support for delicate framework
first to appear embryonically for delicate and rapidly changeable stroma

A

reticular fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

this type of fiber is long, thin, refractile, and yellow in fresh tissue, stretchable, no banding, stains with resorcin fuchsin and orcein

A

elastic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F, cells of connective tissue can be fixed or wondering cells?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

these types of CT cells are pluripotent and great in developing embryonic tissue?

A

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F, all connective tissue come from mesenchyme, not mesoderm

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

these types of CT cells are similar in appearance to mesenchyme cells and responsible for the production of collagenous, reticular, and elastic fibers and synthesis of GAGs, spindle shaped and fusiform

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

fibroblasts or blastocysts are basophilic?

A

fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is unique about fibrocyte?

A

palely basophilic to eosinophilic and can revert back to active state like in wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is this CT cell?

wondering cells, irregularly shaped, ovoid or indented nucleus, has vacuole, capable of amoeboid movement, scavengers, and can form a giant body cell

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

these CT cells are widely distributed in the CT, occur in small groups in relation to blood vessels, basophilic cytoplasmic granules that exhibit metachromasia, small, contain heparin, histamine, serotonin, releases ECF-A attracting eosinophils, NONPHAGOCYTIC, and regulate problems with blood pressure

A

mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

these are white blood cells that circulate the vascular system and can leave it to move into tissue for immune defense against pathogens, examples?

A

tissue leukocytes

lymphocytes and eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

rare in dense ct, common along serous membranes and in lymphoid tissue and lamina propria

large lymphocytes with more basophilic cytoplasm

A

plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

name this type of fat cell:

large and occur as a single mass, maybe clumps, spherical to polyhedral

derived from mesenchymal cells

stain with sudan dyes and sensitive to nutritional status

A

white adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

name this type of fat cell:

present in late fetal and neonatal humans

small, cytoplasm, mitochondria, cytochromes

mutlilocular

A

brown adipocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the two embryonic CT?

A

mesenchyme

mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
this type of mature CT proper is defined by lack of fibers and loose arrangement and composed of many ct. cell types and various fibers in a more fluid matrix
loose CT
26
what are the four types of mature CT proper?
basal lamina areolar lamina propria reticular tissue
27
this type of mature CT is a thin layer of CT made by the tissue above it?
basal lamina
28
this type of mature CT is classic loose CT with little spaces, few fibers but fairly cellular, found everywhere associated with membranes, capsules, fascia, and in all body areas?
areolar
29
this mature CT is highly cellular loose CT found to underscore epithelia at certain regions and contains many lymphoid cells and few fibers
lamina propria
30
this mature CT is composed of reticular fibers and reticular cells for the production of the stroma of certain structures like lymphoid organs, nodes, and nodules
reticular tissue
31
this type of mature connective tissue has a dense packing of fibers and the type of tissue is named based on the arrangement of the fibers?
dense CT
32
what are the three main types of dense CT?
``` dense irregular (fibrous capsules) dense regular (tendon, ligaments, aponeurosis) elastic tissue (ligaments) ```
33
T/F, adipose is very vascular?
T
34
what are the three types of cartilage?
hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
35
this type of cartilage is found in the body, ventral ribs, bronchi and trachea, articular surfaces, embryonic bone templates?
hyaline cartilage
36
this type of cartilage is found in the ear, corniculate, cuneiforms, tips of arytenoids?
elastic cartilage
37
this type of cartilage is found in the annuli fibrosi, pubic symphysis, tendon/ligament, attach to bone?
fibrocartilage
38
what is the line of development in terms of cells for bone?
osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts and some osteocytes osteoclast is from monocytes
39
name this type of bone? irregular arrangement of spicules(points) and trabeculae(bars) nutrients from marrow cavity
spongy, cancellous, trabecular bone
40
name this type of bone? regular arrangement in circular layers lamellae surround Haversian canal volkmann vessel run perpendicular to axis of bone?
compact, cortical dense bone
41
name this type of bone? immature bone, rapidly formed/irregular collagen fibers, will be remodeled to mature bone
woven, immature bone
42
intramembranous ossification?
CT membrane mesenchyme cells change introduce osteoprogenitor cells and blasts into CT mesenchyme differentiates to osteoblasts cells make osteoid osteoid is calcified and remodeled to other bone types
43
endochondral ossification?
cartilage template exists vascularization to perichondrium perichondrium differentiates into periosteum and collar bone produced cartilage cells hypertrophy, calcify and die periosteal vascular bud infiltrates diaphysis and income GF and stem cells osteoblasts make woven bone in preexisting cartilage bone calcified secondary centers occur in epiphysis once epiphysis is ossified, only the growth plates of epiphyseal discs remain for growth in length
44
what ossification process does bone heal by? describe the process via which bone heals?
intramembranous and endochondral ossification damage brings clot of granulation tissue (pro callus) vascularization brings stem cells to make a cartilaginous callus this callus will be remodeled to bony callus (woven bone) and then to normal bone
45
what are the two types of synoviocytes?
type A, macrophages | type B, fibroblasts and make the HA and components of the fluid
46
what term is used to describe the standing up of hair? what else
piloerection sympathetic stimulus being cold
47
what comprises the pilosebaceous units?
hair follicle sebaceous glands arector pili
48
this is the largest organ with 16% body wt?
`skin
49
what layers comprise the skin?
epidermis | dermis
50
this layer of the skin is found at the surface and is stratified squamous, name the 5 strata that comprise this from the bottom up?
the epidermis ``` basale (germinativum) spinosum granulosum lucidum corneum ```
51
these two layers comprise the Malpighian layer, what process happens here?
basale spinosum mitosis
52
what cells are found in the epidermis?
keratinocytes melanocyte langerhan's cell merkel's cell
53
this cell of the epidermis are the epithelial skin cells shaped from low columnar at basal layer to very squamous at the surface layers, makes keratin?
keratinocytes
54
this cell of the epidermis are the pigment cells of the basale, produces melanin and store in melanocomes. Secretes melanosomes into keratinocytes by cytocrine secretion moving supra nuclearly?
melanocyte
55
this cell of the epidermis are irregular cells with antigen receptors, these are immune cells, these come from bone marrow, considered APCs, secrete birbeck granules?
langerhans cell
56
this cell of the epidermis are irregular cells, make catecholamines, activate receptor endings in the skin?
merkel's cell
57
this process happens when the melanocytes inject melanosomes into the keratinocytes, protecting the skin against UV damage?
cytocrine secretion
58
this is the lower layer of skin? what are the layers?
dermis papillary reticular
59
sweat glands are found in which layer?
reticular layer of the dermis
60
this is an example of muscle fibers found in the dermis of the skin?
arrector pili
61
what is found in the hypodermis?
superficial fascia
62
these cells give rise to the hair?
matrix cells
63
this basement membrane type layer is found between the dermal and epidermal membrane?
glassy membrane
64
what cell gives rise to the nail groove and nail plate?
the matrix cells
65
the nail bed is comprised of what two layers?
stratum basale | stratum spinosum
66
what part of the nail is this? return of the str. lucidum and cornea below nail at tip?
hypoychium
67
what part of the nail is this? str. corneum covers base as cuticle
eponychium
68
what percent volume is plasma in blood? RBC? WBC?
55% 45% 1%
69
what comprises blood?
``` plasma serum lymph erythrocytes leukocytes platelets hematopoiesis ```
70
what are two examples of ultrafiltrate of the blood?
lymph | sweat
71
are apocrine sweat glands apocrine or merocrine?
merocrine in function, but apocrine by name
72
what type of gland is this? mucous holocrine produces viscous, waxy product
sebaceous gland
73
what type of gland is this? comprised of light and dark cells found in the axillary, anus, armpit
sweat glands eccrine apocrine
74
this type of gland releases secretory product and found in mammary glands?
myoepithelial cells
75
this component of blood is the ECM of blood?
plasma
76
this component of blood is the plasma minus the clotting factors?
serum
77
this component of blood is the tissue fluid?
lymph
78
what metabolic process is performed by RBCs only?
glycolysis
79
main fxns of RBC?
transportation of gases, nutrients, WBC regulates body temp and electolyte balance] exchange of gases
80
what is normal hematocrit and hemoglobin levels? anything less is what?
45 and 14 gm/dL anemia
81
these are residual DNA bodies in the erythrocytes?
Howell jolly bodies
82
what part of the blood is this? cell fragments (plastids)
platelets
83
what are the descriptive terms we can apply to describe blood staining?
acidophilic, orange to salmon pink basophilic, dark blue azurophilic, high purple neutrophilic, pale pink to lilac
84
what comprises the hemoglobin molecule?
2 alpha chains 2 beta chains so four globing chains
85
term to describe more cells than normal?
cytosis
86
term to describe fewer cells than normal?
penia
87
leukocytosis is found in what type of disease?
bacterial
88
leukopenia is found in what type of disease?
viral
89
these are immature RBCs released early and have a few ribosomes left?
reticulocytes, larger than normal RBCs, 9-10 um
90
what percent of hemoglobin makes up the cell volume?
33%
91
these two proteins hold the biconcave shape of the RBC together and allow for folding?
spectrin | ankryin

KSUCPM CELL AND TISSUE (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions