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Geography > The Changing Economic World (part 1) > Flashcards

The Changing Economic World (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

What does development mean?

A

The progress of a country in terms of economic growth, the use of technology and human welfare.

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2
Q

What does development refer to?

A

The improvement made to people’s quality of life and standard of living through access to: housing, clean water, sanitation, resources, education, employment and healthcare

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3
Q

What does standard of living mean?

A

How well off a person is, to do with wealth and earnings and how these can affect a person’s lifestyle

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4
Q

What is quality of life?

A

Measures well-being
To do with how happy and content they are with their lifestyle and surroundings

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5
Q

Why is death rate a flawed measurement of development?

A

Countries with older populations can have higher death rates despite being HIC.

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6
Q

What are the advantages of a logarithmic?

A

You can show data with large variation in size

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7
Q

What does HDI stand for?

A

Human Development Index

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8
Q

What is HDI?

A

Links wealth, health and education
Combines SoL and QoL

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9
Q

What 3 variables does HDI take into account?

A

Life expectancy- health
Education- literacy rates
Income per capita- wage

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10
Q

Why is HDI a good measure?

A

It takes into account 3 variables

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11
Q

What are the problems with HDI?

A

Doesn’t measure income inequality
Doesn’t measure differences within a country
Only finds average

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12
Q

Why may GNI per capita be unreliable?

A

Data could be out of data or hard to collect
Government corruption can distort figures
Data may be unreliable
Wealth is concentrated in cities while rural areas remain poor

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13
Q

Why is birth rate high in the first and second stage of the demographic transition model?

A

Many children needed for farming many diet young age. There is preference for boys. No family planning.

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14
Q

Why is there a high death rate in the first stage of the demographic transition model?

A

Disease, famine, poor medical knowledge war

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15
Q

How are levels of natural increase in the first stage of the demographic transition model?

A

Stable or slowly increase

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16
Q

Why does death rate decrease in the second and third stage of the demographic transition model?

A

Improved medical care, water, supply and sanitation

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17
Q

Where are the highest rates of natural increase in the demographic transition model?

A

Second stage followed by third stage

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18
Q

Describe a population pyramid for populations in the first stage of the demographic transition model

A

Wide base, narrow top lower peak

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19
Q

Describe a population pyramid for a country in stage five of the demographic transition model

A

Wide peak, very narrow base, high peak

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20
Q

Why does an increasing death rate reflect high levels of development?

A

It shows that there are lots of older people dying increasing the death rate. There is a larger percent of older people showing a country in stage five, which is very developed.

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21
Q

What are the three causes of uneven development?

A

Physical causes, historical causes, economic causes

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22
Q

How can weather and climate cause uneven development?

A

Bad weather, tourists don’t come and poor agriculture and crop yields. Droughts, cyclones typhoons, damage infrastructure.

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23
Q

How does water shortages cause an even develop development?

A

Women can’t work and children can’t go to school because they have to go far distances to collect drinkable water

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24
Q

Why do areas in tropical climates have uneven development?

A

Tropical disease where it is warmer malaria, can’t always work affects children

25
Q

Why does being a landlocked country mean you could have uneven development?

A

No Seaborn trade no import exports, no fishing. No tidal energy. Have to pay country to trade through their country.

26
Q

What is trade surplus?

A

When a country earns more from exports than it spends on imports

27
Q

What is trade deficit?

A

When a country spends more on imports than it earns from exports

28
Q

Describe market trends for manufactured and primary goods

A

Manufactured value is steady, whereas primary good fluctuates

29
Q

How has colonialism affected development?

A

A country has acquired political control over another country and economically exploited it. This means they end up being richer than the countries they colonised.

30
Q

Approximately how much of global wealth does Africa hold?

A

One percent

31
Q

How much of total global wealth does the wealthiest one percent now hold?

A

Over 50%

32
Q

How many deaths were caused by malaria in 2013?

A

Over 500,000

33
Q

Who accounts for 80% of malaria deaths worldwide?

A

African children

34
Q

What is an immigrant what is an emigrant?

A

Immigrant- a person who moves into a country
Emigrant- a person who moves out of a country

35
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A person who moves from their country of origin, as a result of Civil War, or a natural disaster

36
Q

What is an economic migrant?

A

A person who moves voluntarily to seek a better paid job or benefits, such as education and healthcare

37
Q

What is employment structure?

A

The percentage of a countries workforce employed in different sectors

38
Q

How does investment in industrial development result in development?

A

Industrial investment brings employment opportunities with higher incomes. Governments have more money through tax to invest in housing, education, health and infrastructure. Therefore, foreign investment will help a country to make progress and develop.

39
Q

What does fair trade aim to do?

A

Give farmers in poorer countries a fair deal and guarantees the farmer fair price for their product in return for the farmer, agreeing to produce their crop in an environmentally friendly way

40
Q

What are the benefits of fair trade?

A

Improved working conditions, solid income, workers aren’t exploited community improvements, more environmentally friendly farming techniques

41
Q

What is bilateral aid?

A

Aid from one country to another

42
Q

What is multilateral aid?

A

A rich government giving to an international organisation

43
Q

What is short term aid?

A

Emergency help in response to a natural disaster

44
Q

What is long-term aid?

A

Sustainable aid

45
Q

What is voluntary aid?

A

Money donated by the general public

46
Q

What is appropriate technology/intermediate aid?

A

Technology suited to the needs skills, knowledge and wealth of local people and their environment

47
Q

What type of aid are the water pumps in Burkina Faso?

A

Voluntary, long-term, intermediate

48
Q

What is the aim of water aid?

A

To help the worlds poorest people gain a better quality of life through water, sanitation and hygiene products

49
Q

What is meant by sustainable water supply?

A

It is cheap and easy to maintain. It always provides benefits, provide aid for many years to come

50
Q

What are the benefits of the water pumps in Burkina Faso?

A

Works with the local community who understand local problems technical knowledge given to the people, easy and affordable technology provides toilets as well, hygiene education system, provides clean water

51
Q

What are HIPCs and describe where they are located

A

Heavily indebted poor country, a group of 37, mostly in central Africa and a few in central America and two in South America

52
Q

How will dropping the debt for HIPCs allow them to develop?

A

Allow them to buy food and medicine to improve quality of life, can afford to improve healthcare and education.

53
Q

What are micro finance loans?

A

Poor people in LIC is an NEE for a small sum of money. This helps escape the poverty cycle, allowing people to feel they can be independent rather than relying on aid.

54
Q

How much money did Jamaica earn from tourism in 2014?

A

$2.2 billion

55
Q

How many visitors did Jamaica receive in 2014?

A

3.5 million

56
Q

How many people are directly employed in Jamaica for tourism?

A

35,166

57
Q

What are the disadvantages of tourism in Jamaica?

A

Has caused environmental problems such as path erosion and excessive waste. Some areas cut off as roads aren’t built.

58
Q

Describe the multiplier effect in Jamaica.

A

Tourism provides jobs for locals. The government gets more money from taxes. This improves infrastructure and more people want to visit. The locals can also buy more goods and this means more taxes paid and more money can be spent yet again.

Geography (16 decks)

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