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Geography > The Chaning Economic World (part3- Uk Economy) > Flashcards

The Chaning Economic World (part3- Uk Economy) Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the UK economy rank in the world?

A

Sixth biggest economy in the world

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2
Q

What is expected to happen to the UK economy in terms of ranking by 2050?

A

Drop out of top 10

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3
Q

When was the UK pre-industrial?

A

Pre-1800

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4
Q

What years were the height of of the U.K.’s industrialisation?

A

1800 to 1950

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5
Q

When did the post-industrial age begin?

A

1970

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6
Q

What are the three factors that have caused the change in our employment structure?

A

Globalisation
De industrialisation.
Government policies

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7
Q

What is globalisation?

A

Countries become more interconnected, allowing easier trade and movement of people

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8
Q

What is de industrialisation?

A

Decline of a countries manufacturing base, due to exhaustion of raw materials or competition from abroad

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9
Q

How have some government policies influenced our economic structure?

A

Fishing is limited by quotas imposed by the EU.
UK government pump nearly £5 billion into high-tech research and development in 2015.

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10
Q

What is the annual average wage of a farmer in the UK?

A

£9000 or less

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11
Q

Define post industrial economy.

A

Traditional industries have declined a new jobs have taken their place

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12
Q

25 years ago, how many people worked in tertiary sector and how many is it now?

A

One in 10
One in five

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13
Q

How much of the U.K.’s workforce is employed in tertiary and quaternary?

A

76%

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14
Q

How much is cyber Security worth each year?

A

Around £2.8 billion a year

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15
Q

How much is the mobile market worth each year?

A

£14 billion

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16
Q

What are financial jobs?

A

Jobs to do with money

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17
Q

How many people are employed in the financial sector?

A

2 million

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18
Q

What percentage of the U.K.’s economy does the financial sector account for?

A

10%

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19
Q

How many people are employed in the quaternary sector and what does it contribute to the British economy?

A

Over 60,000
£3 billion to the UK economy

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20
Q

How many people are employed at the British Antarctic survey?

A

Over 500 people

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21
Q

Where are the British Antarctic survey based?

A

Cambridge.
Arctic
Antarctica

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22
Q

What benefit could the British Antarctic survey bring?

A

Future changes in Arctic sea ice
Impact of ocean certification and ecosystem
Space weather

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23
Q

What are four examples of heavy industry?

A

Iron and steel works.
Mining coal and iron ore
Car manufacturing
Shipbuilding

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24
Q

What are the requirements for heavy industry?

A

Large areas of land.
High levels of capital investment.
Large amounts of natural resources.
High levels of energy

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25
Q

What are some environmental impacts of mining?

A

Landscape can be scarred.
Waste tips pileup.
Water sources can be polluted

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26
Q

What does sustainable mean?

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

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27
Q

How many cars are made in the UK each year?

A

1.5 million

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28
Q

What are some environmental impacts of the car industry?

A

Drilling to find fuel.
Manufacturing uses energy
Air pollution
Disposal

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29
Q

How much has waste to landfill per car been decreased by between 1999 and 2013?

A

36.8 kg

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30
Q

How many people does Nissan employ?

A

7000

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31
Q

How many cars does Nissan produce a year?

A

500,000

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32
Q

How much of the energy at Nissan is produced by wind turbines

A

7%

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33
Q

What impact has globalisation had on British industry?

A

We’ve been outcompeted in secondary as other countries have more primary resources in people which are cheaper so forced to move to tertiary and quaternary

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34
Q

What does rural mean?

A

Any area in the UK with less than 10,000 inhabitants

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35
Q

What is the age split compared between urban and rural areas?

A

Urban- 41% old, 59% young
Rural- 53% old, 47% young

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36
Q

What are the changes as to where are people working and why?

A

More people working in rural areas
Improvements and communications and transport

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37
Q

What are the positive economic impacts of rural population growth?

A

In increase in construction jobs.
Local businesses could thrive.

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38
Q

What are the economic disadvantages of rural population growth?

A

Comm Utes use services in places where they work rather than where they live. This has a negative effect on the rural economy.
High petrol prices.
Reduction in agricultural employment.
Pharmacy land for housing developments.

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39
Q

What are the social advantages of rural population growth?

A

Large number of highly skilled people move into the area

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40
Q

What are the social disadvantages of rural population growth?

A

Increase traffic on narrow country roads
Breakdown in community spirit.
Pressure on services like healthcare and education.
Reduced demand for public transport

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41
Q

How many islands are there in the Outer Hebrides?

A

65

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42
Q

What is the population of the Outer Hebrides?

A

26,900

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43
Q

What are the social impacts of population decline in the outer Hebrides?

A

Aging population puts pressure on healthcare budgets.
Number of children in school is expected to fall.
Care issues.

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44
Q

What are the economic impacts of population decline in the outer Hebrides?

A

Few working people.
Current infrastructure is not sufficient to support the scale of tourism needed to provide an alternative source of income

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45
Q

How does gross weekly earnings differ in the North than the South?

A

Higher in South

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46
Q

What are average earning per job in the South and the North?

A

S: £28,274
N:£23,991

47
Q

What is life expectancy compared to average in south and Scotland?

A

South east: +1.2
Scotland:-3.0

48
Q

How do house prices compare in the south and north?

A

South:£500,000
North:£114,000

49
Q

What are the exceptions and why?

A

Scotland- lower unemployment
London- booming economy has high unemployment

50
Q

What are the 2 causes of the north south divide?

A

As the Uk deindustrialised, the north of the UK suffered the most.
The south of the UK has experienced increasing house prices as incomes and demand increase.

51
Q

What are 2 problems that the north faces?

A

Connectivity
Employment

52
Q

How does connectivity affect the north?

A

Commuting in north is constrained by transport infrastructure available

53
Q

How does lack of connectivity affect employment?

A

Harder to find jobs as limited. Less choice for labour- lower wages and productivity

54
Q

What are the 3 solutions to the north south divide?

A

Northern powerhouse
Enterprise zones
Devolving more powers

55
Q

What are the 3 aims of the northern powerhouse?

A

Attracting investment in the North
Improving transport links between northern cities
Investing in education

56
Q

How much money was spent on the Northern Powerhouse?

A

£17 billion

57
Q

Name the six key cities in the Northern Powerhouse?

A

Liverpool
Leeds
Hull
Manchester
Sheffield
Newcastle

58
Q

How much is being spent on roads?

A

£6bn

59
Q

How much is being spent on major new theatre and exhibition space?

A

£78 million

60
Q

How many people live in the north?

A

Over 15 million

61
Q

What are the signs that the Northern powerhouse is already effective?

A

Record high employment rate in 2016- 72.6%

62
Q

How many more people are in work than in 2010?

A

429,000

63
Q

How much was the norths economy worth in 2014?

A

£304 billion

64
Q

How does investing in infrastructure help improve development?

A

Can access more jobs, improve connectivity

65
Q

How does having access to super fast broadband in 90% of all homes and businesses help improve?

A

Work remotely- better jobs, better connectivity

66
Q

How does investment in education help improve?

A

Access jobs in T+Q sectors- higher paying

67
Q

How many new enterprise zones have been created since 2011?

A

24

68
Q

What is the business rate discount in the enterprise zones?

A

Up to £275,000 over a 5 year period

69
Q

What are some other characteristics of the enterprise zones?

A

Financial allowances for plant and materials
Simpler planning regulations
Ensuring the provision of super fast broadband

70
Q

What is meant by devolving power?

A

Process of decentralising the government and giving more power to the local administration. Transfer of power and decision making from UK parliament to the assemblies in respective counties.

71
Q

How can devolution boost economic development of the north?

A

Allows administrations to change corporation tax rate- encourage investment.
Devolving further powers to elected mayors of greater Manchester

72
Q

What is infrastructure?

A

Basic equipment and structures needed for a country or region to function properly (eg. Buildings, roads, sewage systems)

73
Q

What are 2 problems with our transport network?

A

Commuting between places in North is constrained by transport infrastructure available.
Lack of connectivity is holding back growth and production

74
Q

Why is transport a key facilitator of economic change?

A

Transport moves people, money, goods and services.
Congestion and heavy traffic can slow economic growth.
Transport development can affect both employment and regional growth across the UK.

75
Q

How much did the UK government invest in transport networks between 2016 and 2020?

A

£100 billion

76
Q

What are the four transport improvements that were made?

A

Road
Airports
Rail
Ports

77
Q

What is the Road Investment Strategy?

A

£15 billion in 2014 government investing to increase capacity and quality of road network.

78
Q

How many new road schemes by 2020 does the Road Investment Strategy plan for?

A

100

79
Q

What are smart motorways?

A

Use technology to actively manage the flow of traffic

80
Q

How will the Road Investment Strategy boost the economy?

A

Construction jobs
Need to be maintained- ongoing work

81
Q

What are the benefits of smart motorways?

A

Cheaper to create
Less impact on environment compared to adding lanes
Proven to reduce accidents and congestion

82
Q

What are the disadvantages of smart motorways?

A

No slip road- harder and slower to get to accidents

83
Q

What does Hs2 aim to do?

A

Increase speed of connection between London, Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds

84
Q

How much does Hs2 cost?

A

£88 billion

85
Q

What does the Crossrail planned to do?

A

Increase Londons rail capacity by 10%
32km of new lines

86
Q

What are the arguments for HS2?

A

Thousands of jobs created in midlands and the north.
Estimated £40 billion for the UK economy.
Make transport more sustainable
Reduce flights between UK cities

87
Q

What are the arguments against HS2?

A

Creates jobs in London, commuters
£42 billion cost
Increase carbon emissions- high speed

88
Q

What economic benefits do airports bring to the UK?

A

Connects UK globally
Provides 300,000 jobs
3.6% of UKs GDP

89
Q

Why does the government want a new runway at Heathrow Airport?

A

Needed in the South East (700 extra planes per day)
40 new destinations

90
Q

How much money will the new runway bring?

A

£221 billion

91
Q

How many new jobs will the runway bring?

A

180,000

92
Q

What are the disadvantages of the new runway?

A

Large CO2 emitter
Increased noise pollution
One village demolished

93
Q

How many people do ports in the UK employ?

A

120,000

94
Q

How many passengers do UK ports handle each year?

A

32 million

95
Q

What is the London Gateway?

A

New port (open in 2013)

96
Q

Where is London Gateway located?

A

Mouth of Thames, 25 miles east of London

97
Q

What does the London Gateway hope to achieve?

A

Can accommodate largest ships in the world. Global hub of trade. Closer to London- reduces CO2 emissions

98
Q

What is the EU?

A

Economic and political partnership between 27 countries, gave UK citizens and businesses access to a large market without trade or political barriers

99
Q

When did the UK join the EU?

A

1973

100
Q

How much was made available to support dairy farmers in 2015?

A

£18 million

101
Q

How large is the EU market?

A

Biggest single market in the world

102
Q

What percent of total UK immigration comes from EU?

A

40%

103
Q

How many countries are in the commonwealth?

A

53

104
Q

What benefits does the commonwealth bring to the UK?

A

Commonwealth secretariat- provides advice on range of issues
Trading and cultural links

105
Q

What does G8/7 do?

A

Discuss global economic security

106
Q

What does NATO stand for and what do they do?

A

North Atlantic treaty organisation
Mutual protection in case of attack

107
Q

What is the UN Security Council responsible for?

A

International peace and security

108
Q

What is trade?

A

Movement of goods and services across the world, done by air, sea, road and rail.

109
Q

What are the benefits of trade to the UK?

A

Dependency of goods
Jobs
Increased economy
TNC

110
Q

What is culture?

A

Values and beliefs of a society or group of people

111
Q

How much did the UK make in TV exports in 2013-14?

A

£1.28 billion

112
Q

In how many countries is English an official language?

A

54

113
Q

How many people have access to the internet?

A

3 billion

Geography (16 decks)

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