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Terminology 2 - Body Systems > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

The state or process of being absorbed.

A

Absorption

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2
Q

A tubular passage functioning in the digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of food residue, beginning at the mouth and terminating at the anus.

A

Alimentary canal

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3
Q

Any of several digestive enzymes that break down starches.

A

Amylase

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4
Q

The opening at the lower end of the alimentary canal, through which the solid refuse of digestion is excreted.

A

Anus

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5
Q

A bitter, alkaline, yellow or greenish liquid, secreted by the liver.

A

Bile

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6
Q

A soft, roundish mass or lump, especially of chewed food.

A

Bolus

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7
Q

A physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction.

A

Cardiac sphincter

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8
Q

A cul-de-sac, especially that in which the large intestine begins.

A

Cecum

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9
Q

Is a natural satiety factor associated with feeling full or satisfied.

A

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

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10
Q

The thick semifluid mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.

A

Chyme

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11
Q

The division of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum.

A

Colon

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12
Q

The part of the colon between the ileocecal orifice and the right colic flexure.

A

ascending colon

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13
Q

The part of the colon that lies across the upper part of the abdominal cavity.

A

transverse colon

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14
Q

The part of the colon extending from the left colic flexure to the pelvic brim.

A

descending colon

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15
Q

S -shaped curve of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.

A

sigmoid colon

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16
Q

Difficult, incomplete, or infrequent evacuation of dry, hardened feces from the bowels.

A

Constipation

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17
Q

The act or process of swallowing.

A

Deglutition

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18
Q

An intestinal disorder characterized by abnormal frequency and fluidity of fecal evacuations.

A

Diarrhea

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19
Q

The process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed and assimilated by the body.

A

Digestion

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20
Q

The beginning portion of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.

A

Duodenum

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21
Q

To make into an emulsion.

A

Emulsify

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22
Q

A thin, valvelike, cartilaginous structure that covers the glottis during swallowing.

A

Epiglottis

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23
Q

The muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and serves as a passageway for food.

A

Esophagus

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24
Q

The matter that is discharged from the bowel during defecation; excrement. Also called stercus .

A

Feces

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25
The bend of the colon at the juncture of its ascending and transverse portions. Also called hepatic flexure .
hepatic flexure
26
The bend at the junction of the transverse and descending colon. Also called splenic flexure .
splenic flexure
27
The S-shaped section of the colon between the pelvic brim and the third sacral segment, continuous with the rectum. Also called sigmoid colon .
sigmoid flexure
28
A small frenum or band of fibrous material.
Frenulum
29
The bottom of or part farthest from the opening of a sac or hollow organ.
Fundus
30
A pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the under surface of the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated.
Gallbladder
31
Is the stomach and intestine,sometimes including all the structures from the mouth to the anus.
Gastrointestinal | (GI) tract
32
The peritoneal fold attached to the stomach and the colon and hanging over the small intestine.
Greater omentum
33
A hernia in which part of the stomach protrudes through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm. Also called hiatus hernia .
Hiatal hernia
34
Valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine.
Ileocecal valve
35
The third and terminal portion of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the cecum.
Ileum
36
Yellowish discoloration.
Jaundice
37
The middle portion of the small intestine, between the duodenum and the ileum.
Jejunum
38
Of, relating to, or resembling milk.
Lacteals
39
The largest gland of the body, lying beneath the diaphragm in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity.
Liver
40
The inner open space or cavity of a tubular organ, as of a blood vessel.
Lumen
41
To chew food.
Mastication
42
A double layer of peritoneum attached to the abdominal wall and enclosing in its fold certain organs of the abdominal viscera.
Mesentery
43
The complex of physical and chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life.
Metabolism
44
Any of the minute hairlike structures projecting from the surface of certain types of epithelial cells, especially those of the small intestine.
Microvilli
45
Membrane lining bodily cavities and canals that lead to the outside, chiefly the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts.
Mucosa
46
The muscular coat of a hollow organ or tubular structure.
Muscularis
47
The part of the mouth behind the teeth and gums that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible.
Oral cavity
48
A gland situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.
Pancreas
49
One of the small, round or cone-shaped protuberances on the top of the tongue that contain taste buds.
Papillae
50
A salivary gland situated at the base of each ear.
Parotid glands
51
The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure. Also called vermicular movement .
Peristalsis
52
The tube or cavity, with its surrounding membrane and muscles, that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus.
Pharynx
53
A fold or ridge, as of skin or membrane.
Plicae
54
The opening between the stomach and the duodenum.
Pylorus
55
A thickening of the layer of the gastric musculature encircling the gastroduodenal junction. Also called sphincter muscle of pylorus .
Pyloric sphincter
56
The comparatively straight, terminal section of the intestine, ending in the anus.
Rectum
57
A wrinkle, fold, or ridge.
Rugae
58
The process of secreting a substance from a cell or gland.
Secretion
59
Another name for serous membrane
Serosa
60
Salivary gland beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth, at the side of the frenulum.
Sublingual glands
61
Either of a pair of salivary glands located one on each side of and beneath the lower jaw.
Submandibular glands
62
The layer of connective tissue located beneath the mucous membrane.
Submucosa
63
The enlarged saclike portion of the digestive tract between the esophagus and small intestine, lying just beneath the diaphragm.
Stomach
64
The small, fleshy, conical body projecting downward from the middle of the soft palate.
Uvula
65
A wormlike intestinal diverticulum starting from the blind end of the cecum in the lower right-hand part of the abdomen and ending in a blind extremity.
Vermiform appendix
66
A minute projection arising from a mucous membrane, especially one of the vascular projections of the small intestine.
Villi
67
A combining form representing starch.
amyl/o
68
A combining form representing gallbladder.
cholecyst/o
69
A combining form representing colon.
col/o; colon/o
70
A combining form representing cyst.
cyst/o
71
A combining form meaning “stomach "
gastr/o
72
A combining form meaning “liver ”
hepat/o
73
A combining form representing ileum,
ile/o
74
A combining form representing jejunum.
jejun/o
75
A combining form meaning “ mouth ” .
or/o
76
A combining form representing pancreas.
pancreat/o
77
A combining form meaning “anus,” “rectum,”.
proct/o
78
A combining form representing sigmoid.
sigmoid/o
79
A combining form representing esophagus.
esophage/o
80
A combining form representing tongue
ling/o

Terminology 2 - Body Systems (15 decks)

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