The Muscular System

Question 1

The action of certain muscles in pulling a leg, arm, etc away from the median axis of the body.

Answer 1

Abduction

Question 2

A globulin that is present in muscle plasma and that in connection with myosin plays an important role in muscle contraction.

Answer 2

Actin

Question 3

To draw or pull (a leg, arm, etc) towards the median axis of the body.

Answer 3

Adduction

Question 4

Characterized by either a complete response or by a total lack of response or effect, depending on the strength of the stimulus.

Answer 4

All or none response

Question 5

A muscle that acts in opposition to another.

Answer 5

Antagonist

Question 6

A wasting away of an organ or part, or a failure to grow to normal size as the result of disease, faulty nutrition, etc

Answer 6

Atrophy

Question 7

A pouch, sac, or vesicle, especially a sac containing synovia, to facilitate motion, as between a tendon and a bone.

Answer 7

Bursa

Question 8

Movement of a part in a circular direction.

Answer 8

Circumduction

Question 9

Flexion towards the back.

Answer 9

Dorsiflexion

Question 10

A pulling or dragging force exerted on a limb in a distal direction.

Answer 10

Extension

Question 11

A turning or being turned outward or inside out.

Answer 11

Eversion

Question 12

Physical or mental weariness resulting from exertion.

Answer 12

Fatigue

Question 13

The act of bending a joint or limb.

Answer 13

Flexion

Question 14

An abnormal enlargement of a part or organ; excessive growth.

Answer 14

Hypertrophy

Question 15

Abnormally low body temperature.

Answer 15

Hypothermia

Question 16

The insertion of the bone is the end of the bone attaching to a joint.

Answer 16

Insertion bone

Question 17

Located or occurring between the ribs.

Answer 17

Intercostal

Question 18

The act of inverting or the state of being inverted.

Answer 18

Inversion

Question 19

Acting independently of or done or occurring without volition: involuntary muscles.

Answer 19

Involuntary

Question 20

An increase in muscular tension without a change in muscle length.

Answer 20

Isometric contraction

Question 21

When a muscle becomes longer or shorter to produce force.

Answer 21

Isotonic Contraction

Question 22

A neuron that conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle, gland, or other effector tissue.

Answer 22

Motor neuron

Question 23

A single somatic motor neuron and the group of muscle fibers innervated by it.

Answer 23

Motor unit

Question 24

Any of the ultramicroscopic filaments, made up of actin and myosin, that are the structural units of a myofibril.

Answer 24

Myofilaments

Question 25

The principal contractile protein of muscle.

Answer 25

Myosin

Question 26

The junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies.

Answer 26

Neuromuscular junction

Question 27

Not striated; unstriped, as certain muscular tissue.

Answer 27

Non-striated

Question 28

the beginning, starting-point, cause, or ultimate source of a bone.

Answer 28

Origin bone

Question 29

The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue to oxidize lactic acid and replenish depleted ATP and phosphocreatine following vigorous exercise.

Answer 29

Oxygen debt

Question 30

Loss or impairment of voluntary movement or sensation in a part of the body, usually as a result of neurologic injury or disease.

Answer 30

Paralysis

Question 31

A term used to describe an action (bending) of the plantaris muscle (flexor). In plantar flexion, the foot and toes are pointed downward away from the body.

Answer 31

Plantar flexion

Question 32

A position or attitude of the limbs or body

Answer 32

Posture

Question 33

The original or primary force .

Answer 33

Prime mover

Question 34

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the surface of the palm is facing downward or toward the back ( opposed to supination ).

Answer 34

Pronation

Question 35

The act of rotating; a turning around as on an axis.

Answer 35

Rotation

Question 36

One of the segments into which a fibril of striated muscle is divided.

Answer 36

Sarcomere

Question 37

Of, pertaining to, or like a skeleton.

Answer 37

Skeletal

Question 38

Explains how the movement of thick- and thin-filaments relative to each other leads to the contraction and relaxation of whole muscles - hence ultimately to the movement of the limbs or tissues attached to those muscles:

Answer 38

Sliding filament theory

Question 39

That which can elicit or evoke an action or response in a cell, an excitable tissue, or an organism.

Answer 39

Stimulus

Question 40

Marked with striae; furrowed; striped; streaked.

Answer 40

Striated

Question 41

Rotation of the hand or forearm so that the palmar surface is facing upward ( opposed to pronation ).

Answer 41

Supination

Question 42

A body organ, medicine, etc., that cooperates with another or others to produce or enhance an effect.

Answer 42

Synergist

Question 43

A band of tough, fibrous, inelastic tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. Tendons are made chiefly of collagen.

Answer 43

Tendon

Question 44

Inflammation of a tendon and its enveloping sheath. Also called tendinous synovitis , tenovaginitis .

Answer 44

Tenosynovitis

Question 45

Occurs when a motor unit has been maximally stimulated by its motor neuron. It often occurs during tetanic stimulation of the motor unit, usually muscle or nerve.

Answer 45

Tetanic contraction

Question 46

The sustained contraction of a muscle, as is necessary for maintaining posture.

Answer 46

Tonic contraction

Question 47

A twitch is n involuntary muscle contraction or shorting where the muscle tightens and releases usually quickly and tetanic is a continued or sustained twitch.

Answer 47

Twitch contraction

Question 48

Normally controlled by or subject to individual volition, as of respiration.

Answer 48

Voluntary

Question 49

A combining form meaning “equal,”

Answer 49

is/o

Question 50

A combining form meaning “ligament ” .

Answer 50

ligament/o

Question 51

A combining form meaning “uterus,”

Answer 51

metr/o

Question 52

A combining form representing "muscle".

Answer 52

muscul/o

Question 53

A combining form meaning “muscle” .

Answer 53

my/o

Question 54

A combining form meaning " intermittent tonic contractions and muscular pain".

Answer 54

tetan/o

Question 55

A combining form meaning “flesh ”.

Answer 55

sarc/o

Question 56

A combining form meaning “tendon”.

Answer 56

ten/o

Question 57

A combining form with the meanings “stretching,” “tension,” “tone,”

Answer 57

ton/o

Question 58

Resembling a tendon.

Answer 58

tendin/o

Question 59

A combining form meaning “heat ” or “ hot” .

Answer 59

therm/o