The Endocrine System

Question 1

Any substance, as testosterone or androsterone, that promotes male characteristics.

Answer 1

Androgens

Question 2

Any of the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex or their synthetic equivalents.

Answer 2

Corticoids

Question 3

A congenital condition due to thyroid hormone deficiency during fetal development and marked in childhood by dwarfed stature, mental retardation, dystrophy of the bones, and a low basal metabolism. Also called congenital myxedema , cretinoid dysplasia

Answer 3

Cretinism

Question 4

A disease that occurs when your body produces too much of the hormone cortisol.

Answer 4

Cushing’ s syndrome

Question 5

A chronic metabolic disorder characterized by intense thirst and excessive urination, caused by a deficiency of the pituitary hormone vasopressin.

Answer 5

Diabetes insipidus

Question 6

A severe, chronic form of diabetes caused by insufficient production of insulin and resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Answer 6

Diabetes mellitus

Question 7

Increased discharge of urine.

Answer 7

Diuresis

Question 8

Any of various ductless glands, such as the thyroid, adrenal, or pituitary, having hormonal secretions that pass directly into the bloodstream. Also called ductless gland .

Answer 8

Endocrine gland

Question 9

A gland, such as a sebaceous gland or sweat gland, that releases its secretions to the body’s cavities, organs, or surface through a duct.

Answer 9

Exocrine gland

Question 10

The quality or state of being gigantic; abnormally large size.

Answer 10

Gigantism

Question 11

A group of anti-inflammatory steroidlike compounds that are produced by the adrenal cortex.

Answer 11

Glucocorticoids

Question 12

The formation of glucose

Answer 12

Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

The hydrolysis of glycogen to glucose.

Answer 13

Glycogenolysis

Question 14

A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency.

Answer 14

Goiter

Question 15

A substance, usually a peptide or steroid, produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism.

Answer 15

Hormone

Question 16

An abnormally large amount of calcium in the blood.

Answer 16

Hypercalcemia

Question 17

An abnormally high level of glucose in the blood.

Answer 17

Hyperglycemia

Question 18

An abnormally low level of glucose in the blood.

Answer 18

Hypoglycemia

Question 19

The transformation of the mature ovarian follicle into a corpus luteum.

Answer 19

Luteinization

Question 20

Any of a group of steroid hormones that are secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

Answer 20

Mineralocorticoids

Question 21

Mechanism of the homeostatic response by which the out put of a system suppresses or inhibits activity of the system:

Answer 21

Negative feedback loop

Question 22

Feedback that results in amplification or growth of the output signal.

Answer 22

Positive feedback loop

Question 23

Any of a group of hormonelike substances produced in various tissues that are derived from amino acids and mediate a range of physiological functions, such as metabolism and nerve transmission

Answer 23

Prostaglandins

Question 24

Any of various intracellular chemical substances that transmit and amplify the messages delivered by a first messenger to specific receptors on the cell surface.

Answer 24

Second messenger

Question 25

Lipids that act like hormones.

Answer 25

Steroid hormones

Question 26

The endocrine system is a collection of glands that secrete chemical messages we call hormones. These signals are passed through the blood to arrive at a target organ, which has target organ cells possessing the appropriate receptor.

Answer 26

Target organ cell

Question 27

A small, oval endocrine gland attached to the base of the vertebrate brain and consisting of an anterior and a posterior lobe. Also called hypophysis , master gland .

Answer 27

Pituitary glands

Question 28

A small, cone-shaped endocrine organ in the posterior forebrain, secreting melatonin and involved in biorhythms and gonadal development.

Answer 28

Pineal glands

Question 29

A two-lobed endocrine gland located in front of and on either side of the trachea and producing various hormones, such as calcitonin.

Answer 29

Thyroid glands

Question 30

A ductless, butterfly-shaped gland lying at the base of the neck.

Answer 30

Thymus

Question 31

A gland, situated near the stomach, that secretes a digestive fluid into the intestine through one or more ducts and also secretes the hormone insulin.

Answer 31

Pancreas

Question 32

Irregular clusters of endocrine cells scattered throughout the tissue of the pancreas that secrete insulin and glucagon.

Answer 32

Islets of Langerhans

Question 33

Endocrine cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancrea produces glucagon .

Answer 33

Alpha cells

Question 34

Any of the insulin-producing cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Also called B cell .

Answer 34

Beta cells

Question 35

One of a pair of ductless glands, located above the kidneys.

Answer 35

Adrenal glands

Question 36

One of the paired female reproductive organs that produce ova and certain sex hormones, including estrogen. Also called oophoron .

Answer 36

Ovaries (Gonads)

Question 37

Combining word means adrenal gland

Answer 37

adreno/o

Question 38

Combining word means adrenal gland

Answer 38

adrenal/o

Question 39

Combining word means pituitary gland.

Answer 39

hypophys/o

Question 40

Combining word means ovary.

Answer 40

oophor/o

Question 41

Combining word means ovary.

Answer 41

ovari/o

Question 42

Combining word means testis.

Answer 42

orch/o

Question 43

Combining word means testis.

Answer 43

orchi/o

Question 44

Combining word means pancreas.

Answer 44

pancreat/o

Question 45

Combining word means parathyroid gland.

Answer 45

parathyroid/o

Question 46

Combining word means pituitary gland.

Answer 46

pituitar/o

Question 47

Combining word means tymus gland.

Answer 47

thym/o

Question 48

Combining word means thyroid gland

Answer 48

thyroid/o

Question 49

Combining word means testis.

Answer 49

orchid/o

Question 50

Any of several small oval glands usually lying near or embedded in the thyroid gland.

Answer 50

Parathyroid glands

Question 51

The male gonad or reproductive gland, either of two oval glands located in the scrotum.

Answer 51

Testes ( Gonad )