the effects of age on Pk

Question 1

neonate

Answer 1

0-27 days of life

Question 2

corrected age =

Answer 2

chronological age - prematurity

Question 3

infant

Answer 3

28 days - 1 year

Question 4

child

Answer 4

1-18
some people use 16 as a cut-off

Question 5

chronological age?

Answer 5

age from birth to current date

Question 6

gestational age at birth

Answer 6

length of pregnancy from first day of mothers last menstrual cycle to birth date

Question 7

post-menstrual age

Answer 7

gestational age + chronological age

Question 8

corrected age for pre-term neonates=

Answer 8

chronological age- degree of prematurity (calculated as 40-gestational age)

Question 9

work out corrected age if born 3 weeks early, when chronological age is 7 weeks?

Answer 9

4 weeks old

Question 10

are plasma protein conc. lower or higher in neonates compared with adults

Answer 10

lower

Question 11

drug metabolism in children:

Answer 11

metabolic processes are immature at birth
development is diff. for each process

Question 12

Phase 1 reactions in children:

Answer 12

some are undetectable at birth
others are already at 30% of adult levels

Question 13

when does phase1 reactions reach full adult levels?

Answer 13

1 to 2 years

Question 14

when is adult level reached for phase 2 reactions? approx

Answer 14

some achieve adult level at 6 months
others take a decade to develop

Question 15

which type of phase 2 reaction is well establish?

Answer 15

sulfation processes

Question 16

which type of phase 2 reactions are under developed at birth?

Answer 16

acetylation

Question 17

excretion is dependent:

Answer 17

glomerular filtration
tubular secretion
reabsorption

Question 18

allometric scaling: Y= aW^b what is Y/W/a and b

Answer 18

Y- the process being described (e.g. clearance)
W- weight
a and b are constants

Question 19

Renal blood flow, filtration & renal mass decrease with age. what contributes to this decline? and results?

Answer 19

co-morbidities contribute to this decline
results in reduced excretion of drugs

Question 20

30-60% reduction in blood flow & liver volume by age 90. what phase is more affected (hepatic function)?

Answer 20

phase 1

Question 21

what are the effects on drug dosing?

Answer 21

reduced organ function