The Endocrine System.

Question 1

Functions of the endocrine system…

Answer 1

Regulation of an internal environment and detection of change. Secretes substances into the blood and acts on target cells distant from gland.

Question 2

Hormones within the endocrine system…

Answer 2

Oestrogen, Testosterone, Oxytocin, Adrenaline, Thyroxine and Insulin.

Question 3

Endocrine Glands and their function…

Answer 3

Synthesis and store chemical messengers (no ducts, rich blood supply). E.g. Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland.

Question 4

Hypothalamus location and function…

Answer 4

Forms the floor and wall of 3rd ventricle. Produces and releases hormones; TSH, Prolactin, ACTH, LH, FSH and HGH.

Question 5

The Posterior Pituitary releases…

Answer 5

ADH and Oxytocin

Question 6

The Anterior Pituitary releases…

Answer 6

TSH, Prolactin, ACTH, LH, FSH and HGH.

Question 7

What is the Thyroid gland?

Answer 7

A butterfly shaped organ around the trachea that releases TRH which stimulates TSH which breaks down Thyroglobulin to T3/T4 (thyroxine).

Question 8

Role of the Thyroid Hormone?

Answer 8

Increases metabolism, heart rate and responses, but causes hypothyroidism (lethargy) and hyperthyroidism (increased heart rate and blood pressure).

Question 9

Types of hormones?

Answer 9

Amine = transcription of a specific gene.
Steroid = Cytoplasm and Nuclear receptors.
Peptide = membrane receptors.

Question 10

What are Paracrine and Autocrine hormones?

Answer 10

Paracrine = hormone restricting the local environment
Autocrine = Self stimulating cellular producing hormone.