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HSF - Viscera > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Cavities in the chest

A

2 x pleural cavities

Media steinum

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2
Q

Location of heart

A

Within media steinum, in pericardial sac

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3
Q

Does the pericardium attach to the diaphragm?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What limits diaphragmatic descent?

A

The central tendon of the diaphragm attaches to the pericardium

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5
Q

Structure of pericardium

A

Outer fibrous sheath
Serous pericardium lies interior to fibrous sheath
Parietal and visceral serous pericardium

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6
Q

Orientation of the heart

A

Right side lies anterior to left side

Atria lie to the right of ventricles

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7
Q

Location of the anterior atrioventricular sulcus

A

Between right atrium and right ventricle

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8
Q

Location of anterior interventricular sulcus

A

Between right centricle and left ventricle

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9
Q

Alternate name for the anterior atrioventricular sulcus

A

Coronary sulcus

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10
Q

Structure of the heart in utero

A

Foramen ovali is a hole in the sinus venorum

Allows passage of blood from the right atrium to the left atrium

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11
Q

What does the foramen ovali become after birth?

A

Fossa ovalis

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12
Q

Why does the foramen ovalii exist in utero?

A

Baby doesn’t breathe, so no point pumping blood to lungs.

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13
Q

Features of the right ventricle

A

All interior wall is grooved (trabeculae carnae)

Area below pulmonary trunk is smooth (comus arteriosus or infundibulum)

Part of trabeculae carnae on each wall (3) projects to the middle of ventricle, joins (forms papillary muscle)

Pulmonary trunk with pulmonary valve

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14
Q

Function of papillary muscle

A

Join with tricuspid valve with tendons called chordae tendinae

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15
Q

Features of right atrium

A

Exterior wall is grooved (musculi pectinati)

Interior wall is smooth (sinus venarum)

Coronary sinus and fossa ovalis on interior wall

Tricuspid valve

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16
Q

Left atrium

A

Completely smooth-walled (except for left atrial appendage, which has ridges)

Has fossa ovalis

Receives 4x pulmonary veins from lungs

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17
Q

Left ventricle

A

Thickest wall

Has trabeculae carnae

BIcuspid/mitral valve

2 papillary muscles connect with mitral valve with chorda tendinae

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18
Q

Fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

Anchors atrial and ventricular muscle masses

Sits between atria and ventricles

Electrically isolates atria and ventricles

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19
Q

Features of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

A

2x trigones - Bicuspid, tricuspid valves

2x coronets - PUlmonary valve, aortic valve (semilunar)

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20
Q

How do the atria and ventricles electrically operate?

A

As a syncitium

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21
Q

What do the atrial surface of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves look like?

A

Smooth

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22
Q

What do the ventricular surfaces of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves look like?

A

Rough, because of chordae tendinae attachments

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23
Q

Configuration of aortic and pulmonary valves

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A

Pulmonary valve is closer to edge

Aortic valve closer to centre

24
Q

Role of chordae tendinae

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A

DO NOT open or close valves

Papillary muscles pull on valve cusps via chordae tendinae, hold cusps closed

25
Differences between semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves
3 cusps in semilunar valves Cusps of semilunar valves attach to blood vessel (aorta, pulmonary trunk) Semilunar valves do not have attached chordae tendinae
26
Where is the sinoatrial node located?
Right atrium Top of cristae terminalis Base of superior vena cava
27
Nerve supply of the ehart
Sympathetic and parasympathetic supply | Cardiac plexus is at the base of the heart
28
How does an electrical impulse travel through the heart?
SA node pacemaker cells generate action potential Action potential stops at cardiac fibrous skeleton (insulated) AV node transmits impulse to ventricles (slows impulse slightly) Impulse travels down bundle of His Purkinje fibers branch through ventricles
29
Blood vessels of the heart
Coronary arteries and veins Pulmonary trunk Aorta
30
Location of pulmonary trunk
Emerges from right ventricle Splits into left/right arteries
31
Structure of aorta
1st part - Ascending aorta 2nd part - Aortic arch
32
Structure of aortic arch
Arches upwards, posterior, to the left Ends up on the left-hand side of the vertebral column, becomes the descending thoracic aorta
33
What does the aorta become when it pierces the diaphragm?
The abdominal aorta (from the thoracic aorta)
34
Location of the right coronary artery
Anterior surface of the heart In atrioventricular groove
35
Area supplied by right coronary artery
Right atrium, right ventricle Conduction tissue of the AV, SA node
36
Location of the left coronary artery
Posterior side of the heart Posterior atrioventricular groove Interventricular groove
37
Do the right and left coronary arteries anastomose?
Yes In two places
38
Major arteries of the heart
Left/right carotid Left/right subclavian
39
Number of branches off aortic arch
Three
40
First arteries to branch off the aorta
Coronary arteries Branch from just after the aortic valve
41
Names of 3 branches form aorta
1 - Brachiocephalic trunk 2 - Left common carotid 3 - Left subclavian
42
Branches from brachiocephalic trunk
Right common carotid | Right subclavian
43
Where do the pulmonary trunks travel in relation to the aortic trunk?
Underneath
44
Area supplied by descending thoracic aorta
Everything above diaphragm
45
Branches from the descending thoracic aorta
Pericardial Intercostal Bronchial Oesophageal
46
Number of branches from the descending thoracic aorta
4
47
Internal jugular veins
Venous equivalent of common carotid arteries
48
Path of IVC
Pierces central tendon of diaphragm
49
Path of SVC
From internal jugular veins
50
Path of veins in relation to arteries
Anteriorally mirror the path of arteries
51
Vein associated with the common carotid arteries
Internal jugular veins
52
Vein associated with the subclavian arteries
Subclavian veins
53
What forms the brachiocephalic veins?
Fusion of internal jugular vein, subclavian vein
54
What do the left and right brachiocephalic veins form?
Superior vena cava
55
Role of azygous veins
Drain thorax into SVC
56
What does the final azagous vein drain into?
Arches into the back of the SVC

HSF - Viscera (12 decks)

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