The Human Body in Health and Disease Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
t
the genetic components that transfer characteristics from parents to their child
A
genetics
2
Q
t
a group of similarly specialized cells that work together to perform specific functions
A
tissues
3
Q
t
a group of specialized cells that is capable of producing secretions
A
glands
4
Q
t
the study of nature and cause of disease that involve changes in structure and function
A
pathology
5
Q
t
invisible line that splits the body into equal left and right halves
A
midsagittal plane
6
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t
invisible line divides the body into superior and inferior portions
A
transverse plane
7
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t
invisible line that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
A
frontal plane
8
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t
invisible line that divides the body into unequal left and right portions
A
sagittal plane
9
Q
t
abdomen
A
abdomin/o
10
Q
t
pelv-
A
pelvis
11
Q
t
relating to the groin, lower area of the abdomen
A
inguinal
12
Q
t
covered by the lower ribs, below the ribs
A
hypochondriac region
13
Q
t
located above the stomach
A
epigastric region
14
Q
t
located near the inward curve of the spine, between the ribs and pelvis
A
lumbar region
15
Q
t
surrounds the umbilicus
A
umbilical region
16
Q
t
located near the hip bones
A
iliac region
17
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t
below the stomach
A
hypogastric region
18
Q
t
a multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity
A
peritoneum
19
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t
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall
A
parietal paritoneum
20
Q
t
fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
A
mesentery peritoneum
21
Q
t
the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity
A
visceral peritoneum
22
Q
t
located behind the peritoneum
A
retroperitoneal
23
Q
t
inflammation of the peritoneum
A
peritonitis
24
Q
t
basic structural and functional units of the body
A
cells
25
# t
tissue that surrounds and protects the content of a cell from the external environment
cell membrane
26
# t
material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
cytoplasm
27
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controls the activities of the cell and helps the cell divide
nucleus
28
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unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division
stem cell
29
# t
(somatic stem cells) undifferentiated cells found among differentiated cells in the tissue or organ
adult stem cells
30
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adult stem cells that have the ability to form any adult cell
embryonic stem cells
31
# t
fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
gene
32
# t
complete set of genetic information of an organism
genome
33
# t
a genetic structure of located within the nucleus of each cell
chromosome
34
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any cell in the body except the gametes
somatic cell
35
# t
(sex cell) only cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes
gamete cell
36
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a change of the sequence of a DNA molecule
genetic mutation
37
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change within the cells of the body
somatic cell mutation
38
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change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children
gametic cell mutation
39
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manipulating or splicing of genes for scientific or medical purposes
genetic engineering
40
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(hereditary disorder) pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
genetic disorder
41
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(CF) a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
cystic fibrosis
42
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(DS) a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities such as heart valve disease
Down Syndrome
43
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a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing
hemophilia
44
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(HD) causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that appear in midlife, results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities
Huntington's disease
45
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a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement
muscular dystrophy
46
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a rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive system enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing
phenylketonuria
47
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the microscopic study of the structure , composition, and function of tissues
histology
48
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tissue that forms the protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
epithelial tissue
49
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the specialized epithelial tissue that forms the epidermis of the skin and the surface layer of mucous membranes
epithelium
50
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the specialized epithelial tissue that lines the blood and lymph vessels, body cavities, glands, and organs
endothelium
51
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tissue that supports and connects organs and other body tissues
connective tissue
52
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tissue that forms the joints and framework of the body
dense connective tissue
53
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(fat) tissue that provides protective padding, insulation, and support
adipose tissue
54
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tissue that surrounds various organs and supports both nerve cells and blood vessels
lose tissue
55
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blood and lymph tissue, transports nutrients and waste products throughout the body
liquid tissue
56
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contains cells with the specialized ability to contract and relax
muscle
57
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contains cells with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and to conduct electrical impulses
nerves
58
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the defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue
aplasia
59
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the incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
hypoplasia
60
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a change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other
anaplasia
61
# t
the abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs
dysplasia
62
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the enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues
hyperplasia
63
# t
general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not the number, of cells in the tissues
hypertrophy
64
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secretes chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body
exocrine gland
65
# t
glands that produce hormones, do not have ducts, or goes directly into blood stream
endocrine gland
66
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inflammation of a gland
adenitis
67
# t
malignant tumor that originates in a glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
68
# t
benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue
adenoma
69
# t
the abnormal softening of a gland
adenomalacia
70
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any disease or condition of a gland
adenosis
71
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the abnormal hardening of a gland
adenosclerosis
72
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the surgical removal of a gland
adenectomy
73
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the study of the causes of diesases
etiology
74
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a disease-producing microorganism (such as a virus)
pathogen
75
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(CD) any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either directly or by indirect contact with contaminated objects; contagious
communicable disease
76
# t
refers to situations in which a susceptible person is infected by contact with a contaminated surface
indirect contact
77
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the spread of a disease through contact with infected blood or other body fluids that are contaminated by infected blood (HIV, STDs, etc.)
bloodborne contamination
78
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the spread of disease such as measles, cold, and flu through large respiratory droplets sprayed by coughing or sneezing onto a person or object nearly
droplet contamination
79
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contamination occurs through contact with germs floating in the air
airborne contamination
80
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(fecal-oral transmission) contamination caused by eating or drinking contaminated food or water that has not been properly treated to remove contamination
food-borne/waterborne contamination
81
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the spread of certain disease due to the bite of the vector
vector-borne contamination
82
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a specialist in the study of outbreaks
epidemiologist
83
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refers to the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
endemic
84
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a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area
epidemic
85
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an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide
pandemic
86
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produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
functional disorder
87
# t
unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
iatrogenic illness
88
# t
an illness without known cause
idiopathic disorder
89
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an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
infectious disease
90
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a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
nosocomial infection
91
# t
produces symptoms caused by detectible physical changes in the body
organic disorder
92
# t
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
congenital disorder
93
# t
(birth defect) can result in an anomaly or malformation
developmental disorder
94
# t
a deviation from what is regarded as normal
anomaly
95
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a congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular
atresia
96
# t
the mother's health, behavior, and prenatal medical care she does/does not receive before delivery
prenatal influences
97
# t
the study of the medical problems and care of older people
gerontology/geriatrics
98
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after death
postmortem
99
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(GP or family practice physician) provides ongoing care for patients of all ages
general practitioner
100
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physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the internal organs
internist
101
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physician who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing disorders and diseases of infants and children
pediatrician
102
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(NP) a nurse with graduate training who often works as a primary care provider
nurse practitioner
103
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(PA) a licensed professional who works under the supervision of a physician
physician assistant
104
# t
schedules and registers patients for appointments and may also work as a medical assistant
medical receptionist
105
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(clinical medical assistant) performs administrative and clinical tasks in a doctor's office, such as coding patients' medical information, measuring vitals, administering injections and drawing blood
medical assistant
106
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reviews patients' medical records and assigns appropriate codes for treatment and services
medical coder
107
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(ER/ED) focuses on diagnosing and treating life-threatening emergency medical conditions
emergency room
108
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(EMT) works in pre-hospital setting on an ambulance, or in the ER
emergency physician technician
109
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(RN) works in a variety of health care settings; assesses patients and provides care following a doctor's orders
registered nurse
110
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(LVN/LPN) works under the supervision of a doctor or RN to provide basic patient care
licensed vocational nurse
111
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(CNA) works under an RN to provide basic patient care
certified nursing assistant
112
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dispenses prescribes medication to patients
pharmacist
113
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(ICU/CCU) provides continuously monitored care for critically ill patients
intensive care unit
114
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physician specializing in the care of ICU patients
intensivist
115
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physician focusing on the general care of hospitalized patients
hospitalist
116
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unit provides continuous monitoring for patients with heart problems not requiring intensive care
telemetry
117
# t
(med/surg) provides nursing care for lower-acuity patients who are recovering from surgery or require continues drug therapy or monitoring
medical/surgical unit
118
# t
development
-trophy
119
# t
development
-plasia
