The Immune System (w11)

Question 1

What is immunity ?

Answer 1

The ability to resist damage from pathogens, toxins and internal threats.

Question 2

What are the 3 main functions of the immune system ?

Answer 2

1) recognize and remove abnormal ‘self’ cells
2) remove dead or damaged cells
3) protects body from disease-causing invaders (bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoans, parasites, pollens,chemicals and foreign bodies)

Question 3

What do Immunogens do ?

Answer 3

They trigger the body’s immune response

Question 4

What are the two types of immune response ?

Answer 4

• nonspecific innate immunity
• specific acquired immunity

Question 5

What is the lymphatic system ?

Answer 5

A system of vessels/ cells/ organs that carries excess fluids to the bloodstream and filters pathogens for, the blood.
(Drains body fluids and returns them to the bloodstream)

Question 6

What is lymph ?

Answer 6

Interstitial fluid (fluid that fills spaces between cells) once it has entered the lymphatic system

Question 7

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system ?

Answer 7

1) to maintain fluid balance
2) for the absorption of lipids
3) defends against pathogens

Question 8

What is a pathogen ?

Answer 8

A substance or microorganism that causes disease or damage to the tissues of the body, they use humans as a source of nutrients and as an environment to survive in.

Question 9

What parts of the lymphatic system are responsible for drainage ?

Answer 9

• tonsils
• lymph nodes
• spleen
• thymus

Question 10

Where are the lymph nodes located and found ?

Answer 10

Located along the lymphatic vessels
- there are groups of these in the cervical (neck), axillary (armpit), and inguinal (groin) areas

Question 11

Where does the lymph carry fluid from and to ?

Answer 11

Lymph carries fluid from the tissues to the circulatory system

Question 12

Describe the process of the lymph carrying fluid from the tissues to the circulatory system …

Answer 12

• The vessels begin as open-ended capillaries, these then feed into larger lymphatic vessels.
• These lymphatic vessels then empty into the bloodstream by ducts.
• The lymph travels through the lymph nodes and doesn’t circulate (isn’t not pumped by heart)
• The lymph is then forced through the vessels by contraction of skeletal muscles.
• These vessels contain valves (one way semi lunar valves) and contribute to the one-way flow of lymph.

Question 13

How do capillaries play a role in the lymphatic system ?

Answer 13

The capillaries are where the fluid enters the lymphatic system, the fluid moves into the capillaries only.

Question 14

What are the lymphatic capillaries in the small instestine called ?

Answer 14

Lacteals

Question 15

List the process of lymphatic circulation ?

Answer 15

Lymphatic capillaries —> vessels —> trunks —> 2 ducts