The influence of early attachment

Question 1

What is the internal working model?

Answer 1

A mental model of the world that allows individuals to predict and control their environment

Question 2

How does the internal working model apply to attachment?

Answer 2

It relates to an individual’s expectations of relationships

Question 3

Who conducted a key study on the influence of early attachment?

Answer 3

Hazan and Shaver

Question 4

What did Hazan and Shaver give their participants?

Answer 4

A ‘love quiz’

Question 5

What 3 things did Hazan and Shaver’s love quiz ask questions about?

Answer 5

Current attachment experience, attachment history and opinions on love

Question 6

How many responses did Hazan and Shaver get?

Answer 6

620

Question 7

What percentage of Hazan and Shaver’s participants were classed as having a secure attachment?

Answer 7

56%

Question 8

What percentage of Hazan and Shaver’s participants were classed as having an insecure avoidant attachment?

Answer 8

25%

Question 9

What percentage of Hazan and Shaver’s participants were classed as having an insecure resistant attachment?

Answer 9

19%

Question 10

What did Hazan and Shaver find a positive correlation between?

Answer 10

Attachment type and love experiences

Question 11

What type of internal working model did securely attached adults have?

Answer 11

A positive one

Question 12

What type of internal working model did insecurely attached adults have?

Answer 12

A negative one

Question 13

Where did Hazan and Shaver place their Love Quiz?

Answer 13

A newspaper

Question 14

What are the 4 AO3 points for the influence of early attachment?

Answer 14

1) Research = correlational
2) Retrospective classification
3) Overly determinist
4) Research support

Question 15

What can’t the love quiz establish a cause and effect relationship between?

Answer 15

Attachment style and later love style

Question 16

What may the link between attachment style and later love style actually be caused by?

Answer 16

Innate temparement

Question 17

Why may temperament affect attachment style and later love style?

Answer 17

It may affect the way a parent interacts with a child, and so may be a determining factor in attachment type

Question 18

Why is retrospective classification bad?

Answer 18

When adults are asked questions about their early childhood, their recollections are likely to be flawed

Question 19

What have longitudinal studies found that support Hazan + Shaver’s findings

Answer 19

Participants classified as having a secure attachment in infancy were rated as having higher social competency as children, were closer to their friends in adolescence + were more emotionally attached to their romantic partners

Question 20

Why is the IWM overly determinist?

Answer 20

Insecurely attached infants are capable of growing up to have happy adult relationships

Question 21

Who provides research support for the IWM?

Answer 21

Bailey

Question 22

How many women did Bailey study?

Answer 22

99

Question 23

What did Bailey find?

Answer 23

The majority of women had the same attachment classification to their babies as they had to their own mothers