Cultural variations in attachment Flashcards
What are cultural variations?
The ways that different groups of people vary in terms of their social practices
Who conducted a study on the cultural variations of attachment?
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg
What type of study did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg conduct?
A meta-analysis
How many studies were included in Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?
32
What were Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg looking for?
Intercultural and intracultural differences in attachment
What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg find about inter-cultural differences?
They were very small
What was the most common attachment in every country?
Secure
What was the second most common attachment in most countries?
Insecure avoidant
Which 2 countries had insecure resistant as their second most common attachment?
Israel and Japan
What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg find about intra-cultural differences?
They were 1.5x greater than inter-cultural differences
Why were a high proportion of German infants found to be insecurely attached?
Because interpersonal distance between parents and children is encouraged
Why were a high proportion of Japanese infants found to be insecurely attached?
Because in Japan, children are always with their mothers
What are the 4 AO3 points of cultural variations in attachment?
1) Countries not cultures
2) Cross cultural research
3) High population validity
4) Alternative indigenous theories
Why is it problematic that Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg looked at countries rather than cultures?
Because there are many sub-cultures within a country
What was found about attachment in Tokyo?
The findings were similar to Western cultures
