The Lower Limb: Bones and Joints

Question 1

Important Parts: Bones of Lower Limb

Os coxae, innominate bone
A large irregular bone that connects the lower limb to the trunk.

Answer 1

Hip bone

Question 2

Hip Bone

What are the parts of the Hip Bone

Answer 2

• Acetabulum
• Acetabular notch
• Acetabular fossa
• Obturator foramen
• 3 fused bones:
  
  • Ilium
  • Ischium
  • Pubis

Question 3

Hip Bone

a deep circular cup shaped depression on the lateral surface of the hip bone below its middle.

Answer 3

Acetabulum

Question 4

Hip Bone

a gap on the inferior margin of the rim of acetabulum

Answer 4

Acetabular notch

Question 5

Hip Bone

a flat central part of the acetabulum

Answer 5

Acetabular fossa

Question 6

Hip Bone

large opening in the inferior part of the hip bone between the pubis and ischium

Answer 6

Obturator foramen

Question 7

it forms the upper two-fifths of the acetabulum, and all of the hip bone above it.

Answer 7

Ilium

Question 8

Parts of the Ilium

Answer 8

• Body
• Wing or ala
  Crest
  lliac fossa
  Auricular surface
  Four spines
  Anterior superior iliac spine
  Anterior inferior spine
  Posterior superior spine
  Posterior inferior spine

Question 9

Ilium

is the thin flattened upper part of the ilium above the body.

Answer 9

Ala or Wing

Question 10

Ilium

upper curved border of the ala.

Answer 10

Iliac crest

Question 11

Ilium

concave inner surface of the wing of ilium

Answer 11

Iliac fossa

Question 12

Ilium

a rough, ear-shaped part posterior to the iliac fossa that articulates with the upper lateral part of the sacrum.

Answer 12

Auricular Surface

Question 13

Ilium

What are the Four Spines of the Ilium?

Answer 13

• Anterior Superior Iliac Spine
• Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
• Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
• Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

Question 14

Forms the lower two-fifths of the acetabulum and that part of the hip bone below and dorsal to the acetabulum.

Answer 14

Ischium

Question 15

What are the parts of the Ischium

Answer 15

• Body
  1. ischial spine
  2. ischial tuberosity
• Ramus

Question 16

Ischium

pointed process that extends dorsally and medially from the body of the ischium.

Answer 16

Ischial spine

Question 17

Ischium

large rounded process on the posterior surface of the lower end of the body of ischium

Answer 17

Ischial tuberosity

Question 18

Forms the anterior one-fifth of the acetabulum and the anterior part of the hip bone in front of the
acetabulum and obturator foramen.

Answer 18

Pubis

Question 19

Pubis

Parts of the Pubis

Answer 19

• Body
• Superior ramus
• Inferior ramus
• Pubic arch
• Pubic tubercle
• Pubic crest

Question 20

Pubis

a very small process on the superior margin of the pubic bone slightly lateral to the pubic symphysis.

Answer 20

Pubic tubercle

Question 21

Pubis

small ridge on the upper margin extending from the symphysis to the pubic tubercle.

Answer 21

Pubic crest

Question 22

Pubis

is the curved surface formed by the medial margins of both inferior rami of the pubic bones and the lower border of the symphysis pubis.

Answer 22

Pubic arch

Question 23

(L = basin) a hollow curved cylinder with bony walls, at the inferior end of the vertebral column.

Answer 23

Pelvis

Question 24

Pelvis

What are the part of the Whole Pelvis (9)

Answer 24

• Linea terminals or arcuate line or terminal line
• Superior aperture = inlet
• Inferior aperture = outlet
• True pelvis
• False pelvis
• Greater sciatic notch
• Lesser sciatic notch
• Sacrum
• Coccyx

Question 25

# Pelvis a ridge of bone that begins at the upper margin of the symphysis pubis.

Answer 25

Linea terminalis (terminal line)

Question 26

# Pelvis pelvic rim or inlet. Heart-shaped opening into the true pelvis.

Answer 26

Superior aperture (opening)

Question 27

# Pelvis an opening at the lower end of the pelvis composed of the incomplete bony ring and ligaments.

Answer 27

Inferior aperture or outlet

Question 28

# Pelvis or minor pelvis, is the cavity located between the inlet and outlet.

Answer 28

True pelvis

Question 29

# Pelvis or major pelvis, lies above the plane of the inlet.

Answer 29

False pelvis

Question 30

# Pelvis a deep notch on the posterior margin of the hip bone.

Answer 30

Greater Sciatic notch

Question 31

Is along bone, and the longest bone in the body, extending from the hip to the knee.

Answer 31

Femur

Question 32

# Femur What are the parts of the proximal extremity of the femur?

Answer 32

* Head and fovea capitis femoris * Neck * Greater trochanter * Lesser trochanter * Intertrochanteric crest * Intertrochanteric line

Question 33

# Femur small but definite hole at the center of the head.

Answer 33

Fovea capitis femoris

Question 34

# Femur large prominence on the lateral surface of the upper femur.

Answer 34

Greater trochanter

Question 35

# Femur much smaller rounded process that extends medially from the posteromedial margin of the upper femur at the junction of the neck and shaft.

Answer 35

Lesser Trochanter

Question 36

# Femur is a ridge of bone that passes obliquely across the back of the upper femur between the greater and lesser trochanters.

Answer 36

Intertrochanteric crest

Question 37

# Femur a ridge that extends obliquely across the anterior surface of the upper femur.

Answer 37

Intertrochanteric line

Question 38

# Femur What are the parts of the Body

Answer 38

* Linea aspera * Popliteal surface

Question 39

# Femur a double bony ridge that passes longitudinally down the posterior surface of the body of femur.

Answer 39

Linea Aspera

Question 40

# Femur What are the parts of the Distal extremity or end

Answer 40

* Medial condyle * lateral condyle * Intercondylar fossa * Patellar surface * Medial epicondyle * Lateral epicondyle * Adductor tubercle * Popliteal groove

Question 41

# Femur rounded knoblike process that forms the medial part of the distal end of the femur.

Answer 41

Medial condyle

Question 42

# Femur rounded process forming the lateral part of the distal end of the femur.

Answer 42

Lateral Condyle

Question 43

# Femur a deep notch located between the posterior parts of the femoral condyles.

Answer 43

Intercondylar fossa

Question 44

# Femur a small process on the medial surface of the medial epicondyle.

Answer 44

Adductor tubercle

Question 45

Is a sesamoid bone lying within the tendon of the quadriceps muscle tendon. It is a flat rounded bone and lies anterior to the knee joint.

Answer 45

Patella

Question 46

# Patella What are the parts of Patella

Answer 46

* Base or proximal margin * Apex or pointed end * Articular surface

Question 47

large sturdy bone and lies medial to the fibula.

Answer 47

Tibia

Question 48

# Tibia What are the parts of the Tibia

Answer 48

* Proximal extremity or end * Body of tibia * DIstal extremity or end

Question 49

# Tibia What are the part of the proximal extremity/end

Answer 49

* Medial condyle * Lateral condyle * Intercondylar eminence * Tibial tuberosity * Fibular articular surface

Question 50

# Tibia What are the distal extremity/end of the tibia

Answer 50

* Inferior articular surface * Medial malleolus * Fibular notch

Question 51

# Tibia a **small, double pointed process on the proximal end** of the tibia, located **between** the articular surfaces of the **medial and lateral condyles of the tibia**

Answer 51

Intercondylar eminence

Question 52

# Tibia **rounded prominence** on the **anterior surface** of the tibia **below the condyles.**

Answer 52

Tibial tuberosity

Question 53

# Tibia a **small, smooth rounded area** on the **posterolateral border** of the lateral tibial condyle.

Answer 53

Fibular Articular surface

Question 54

# Tibia a **four sided smooth surface** on the distal end of the tibia.

Answer 54

Inferior articular surface

Question 55

# Tibia projects down from the **medial margin of the tibia**. It reaches about **one-half inch** below the level of the ankle joint.

Answer 55

Medial malleolus

Question 56

# Tibia a **concave depression** on the **lateral surface** of the tibia just above the ankle joint.

Answer 56

Fibular notch

Question 57

**Long slender bone** lying on the **lateral side** of the tibia and parallel to it.

Answer 57

Fibula

Question 58

# Fibula What the parts of a Fibula

Answer 58

* Proximal extremity or end * Body of fibula * Distal Extremity

Question 59

# Fibula What are the parts of the Proximal extremity or end

Answer 59

* Head * Apex * Styloid Process

Question 60

# Fibula pointed upper end of the head.

Answer 60

Apex or styloid process

Question 61

# Fibula **distal expanded end** of the fibula. Its tip is at **lower level than the medial malleolus.**

Answer 61

Lateral malleolus

Question 62

Short bones in the lower limb

Answer 62

Tarsal bones

Question 63

# Tarsal bones What are the Posterior Tarsal Bones

Answer 63

* Talus * Calcaneus * Navicular bone

Question 64

# Tarsal bones astragalus is sometimes referred to an ankle bone. It lies between the distal end of the tibia and the calcaneus, transmitting body weight to the calcaneus.

Answer 64

Talus

Question 65

# Talsar bones: Talus upper smooth convex surface that articulates with the lower end of the tibia.

Answer 65

Trochlea

Question 66

# Talsar bones: Talus rounded anterior end of talus

Answer 66

The head | Talus

Question 67

# Talsar bones Largest tarsal bone and forms the heel

Answer 67

Calcaneus

Question 68

# Tarsal bones: Calcaneus Calcaneal tuberosity

Answer 68

enlarged posterior end

Question 69

# Tarsal bones: Calcaneus small but definite shelf of bone that projects medially from the medial surface of the calcaneus immediately below the talus, which it helps to support.

Answer 69

Sustentaculum tali

Question 70

# Tarsal bones What are the anterior tarsal bones?

Answer 70

* Medial cuneiform or first * Intermediate cuneiform or second * Lateral cuneiform or third * Cuboid bone

Question 71

-miniature long bones -First, second, third, fourth and fifth * base or proximal extremity * body * head or distal extremity -the fifth one has tuberosity

Answer 71

Metatarsal bones

Question 72

miniature long bones First, second, third, fourth and fifth * Base or proximal extremity * Body * Head or distal extremity

Answer 72

Digits

Question 73

Often present in tendons on the plantar surfaces of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the great toe, second toe and sometimes in other toes.

Answer 73

Sesamoid bones

Question 74

# Sesamoid bones largest sesamoid bones

Answer 74

Patella

Question 75

# Sesamoid bones frequently present posterior to and above the lateral condyle of the femur.

Answer 75

Fabella

Question 76

# Joints of the Lower Limb What are the gliding joints of the lower limb

Answer 76

* Sacroilliac Joints * Superior tibiofibular joints * Intertarsal joints * Tarsometatarsal joints

Question 77

# Joints of the Lower Limb What are the cartilaginous joints of the lower limb

Answer 77

* Pubic Symphysis * Inferior tibiofibular joints

Question 78

# Joints of the Lower Limb What are the hinge joints of the lower limb

Answer 78

* Knee joints * Ankle joint * Interphalangeal joints

Question 79

# Joints of the Lower Limb What are the condylar joints in the lower limb

Answer 79

* Knee joints * Metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 80

# Joints of the Lower Limb * Auricular surface of the sacrum * Auricular surface of ilium

Answer 80

Sacroiliac joints

Question 81

# Joints of the Lower Limb Adjacent medial margins of the pubic bones

Answer 81

Pubic Symphysis

Question 82

# Joints of the Lower Limb * Head of the femur * Cup shaped acetabulum of the hip bone

Answer 82

Hip joints/Coxal joints

Question 83

# Joints of the Lower Limb the ligament of the femoral head is attached to the pit on the femoral head above and to the acetabular notch of the hip bone below. | From the hip joint

Answer 83

Round ligament (ligamentum teres)

Question 84

# Joints of the Lower Limb * Medial and lateral condyles of the femur articulating the medial and lateral condyle of tibia * Patellar surface of the femur articulating with the patella

Answer 84

Knee Joints

Question 85

# Joints of the Lower Limb 2 flat half-moon shaped discs of cartilage with the knee joint. | Knee Joint

Answer 85

Menisci or semilunar cartilages

Question 86

# Joint of the Lower Limb two band of fibrous tissue that pass up from the intercondylar part of tibia, one to each margin of the intercondylknar fossa. | knee joint

Answer 86

Cruciate ligaments

Question 87

# Joints of the Lower Limb is attached to the base of the patella | Knee joint

Answer 87

The tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle

Question 88

# Joints of the Lower Limb extends from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity. | Knee Joint

Answer 88

Patellar Ligaments

Question 89

# Joints of the Lower Limb is prolonged upwards on the anterior surface of the femur behind the patella and quadriceps tendon to form the suprapatellar bursa | Knee joint

Answer 89

Synovial Membrane

Question 90

# joints of the Lower Limb extends from the apex of the patella to the tibial tuberosity. | Knee Joint

Answer 90

Patellar Ligaments

Question 91

# Joints of the Lower Limb * Fibular articular surface of the tibia * surface on the medial margin of the head of fibula

Answer 91

Superior tibiofibular joints

Question 92

# Joints of the Lower Limb * Medial surface of the lower part of fibula * Fibular notch of the tibia

Answer 92

Inferior tibiofibular joints

Question 93

# Joints of the Lower Limb Inferior articular surface of the tibia articulating with the trochlea of the talus, and the medial and lateral malleoli with the medial and lateral surfaces of the talus

Answer 93

Ankle joint

Question 94

# Joints of the Lower Limb * Head of metatarsal bones * Bases of phalanges * Interphalangeal joints — hinge joints * Head of one phalanx * Base of another phalanx

Answer 94

Metatarsophalangeal joints

Question 95

Visible when the foot is viewed on the medial border, Formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bone

Answer 95

Longitudinal arch

Question 96

Curved from the medial side of the plantar surface to the lateral margin of the foot

Answer 96

Transverse arch

Question 97

# Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb femoral head lies outside of and above the acetabulum.

Answer 97

Congenital dislocation

Question 98

# Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb patella may present as 2 separate bones

Answer 98

Bipartite patella

Question 99

# Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb a small triangular bone posterior to the talus has formed from a separate epiphysis to that of the talus, and has failed to unite with it.

Answer 99

Os Trigonum

Question 100

# Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Lower Limb the posteromedial part of the navicular bone may be separate from the main part of this bone.

Answer 100

Accessory navicular bone