The Skull Flashcards by Ashley Seclon

Q

(G) Kranion, (L) Calvaria

A

Skull

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Q

Bones of the Skull and Their Parts

Cranium: 8 bones
(F, P, O, T, S, E)

A

Frontal(1) .
Parietal (2)
Occipital (1)
Temporal (2)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)

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Q

Bones of the Skull and Their Parts

Visceral Cranium: 14 bones

(M, Z, N, L, P, I, V, M)

A

Maxillae (2)
Zygomatic (2)
Nasal (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Palatine (2)
Inferior conchae or turbinates (2)
Vomer (1)
Mandible (1)

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Q

Bones of the Skull and Their Parts

Other bones

(HB, AO)

A

Hyoid bone (1)
Auditory ossicles

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Q

Bones of the Skull and Their Parts

What are the 3 bones in the Auditory ossicles

A

malleus - 2
incus - 2
stapes - 2

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Q

Bones of the Skull and Their Parts

how many bones are in the Teeth?

A

32 bones

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Q

Regions of the Skull
(F, L, P, V, B)

A

Frontal, anterior or facial (1)
Lateral, right and left (2)
Posterior or occipital (1)
Vertical, superior or vertex (1)
Basal or inferior (1)

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Q

Sutures of the Skull (7)

A

Coronal suture
Sagittal suture
Lambdoidal suture
Squamosal suture
Less obvious suture
Metopic suture
Two mendosal sutures

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Q

Sutures of the Skull

Squamous

A

Squamosal suture

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Q

Sutures of the Skull

a scale, a thin flat plate

Squamosal suture

A

Squamous

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Q

Sutures of the Skull

pass obliquely upwards, one in each half of the squamous part of the occipital bone.

A

Two mendosal sutures

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Q

Sutures of the Skull

pass obliquely upwards, one in each half of the squamous part of the occipital bone.

A

Two mendosal sutures

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Q

The head or condyle of each ramus of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the corresponding temporal bone.

A

TMJ — temporomandibular joint

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Q

What kind of join is the Temporalmandibular joint

A

synovial - gliding and hinge joint

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Q

are cavities within some of the cranial bones. These sinuses on each side open into the corresponding nasal cavity.

A

Paranasal Sinuses or accessory nasal sinuses

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Q

What are the Paranasal Sinuses

(F,E,M,S)

A

Frontal sinuses (2)
Ethmoidal sinuses (2)
Maxillary sinuses (2)
Also named as “antra” — (G) antron = a cave
Sphenoidal sinuses (2)

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Q

What are the three Cranial Fossae

(A,M,P)

A

Anterior cranial fossa (1)
Middle cranial fossa (1)
Posterior cranial fossa (1)

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Q

Cerebral Cranium

What are the parts of the Frontal bone

A

Squamous
Orbital
Nasal

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Q

Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone

squama

A

Squamous part

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Q

Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone

Parts of the Squama
(F,S,S,G,F)

A

Frontal eminence
Supraorbital margins (2)
Supraorbital notches (2)
Glabella (1)
Frontal sinuses (2)

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Q

Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone

What are the Orbital parts

A

Ethmoidal notch
Orbital plates

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Q

Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone

Nasal Part

A

Nasal spine

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Q

Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone

suture present between two frontal bones

A

Metopic suture

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Q

Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone

are two rounded prominences on the squamous part of the frontal bone.

A

Frontal eminences

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# Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone ridges of bone that form the superior borders of the circular opening into each orbit.

Supraorbital margins

# Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone small notch or sometimes a foramen located towards the medial end of each supraorbital margin.

Supraorbital notch (or foramen)

# Cererbral Cranium: Front Bone is a smooth flat area between the medial ends of the supraorbital margins, and above the upper ends of the nasal bones.

Glabella

# Cererbral Cranium: Frontal Bone paired cavities in the squamous part of the frontal bone above the supraorbital margins.

Frontal Sinuses

# Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone definite gap between the medial borders of the 2 orbital plates.

Ethmoidal notch

# Cerebral Cranium: Frontal Bone pointed process that forms a small part of the nasal septum behind the nasofrontal articulations.

Nasal spine

# Cerebral Cranium (L) paries - wall

Parietal bones

# Cerebral Cranium (L) paries - wall

Parietal bones

# Cerebral Cranium: Parietal Bone is a rounded prominence on the lateral surface of each parietal bone.

Parietal eminence or parietal tuberosity

# Cerebral Cranium: Parietal Bone The distance between the 2 eminences

The greatest transverse diameter

# Cerebral Cranium Parts of the Occipital bone (F, SP: EOP, IOP, LP: O,H , BP)

* Foramen magnum * Squamous part External occipital protuberance Internal occipital protuberance * Lateral parts (2) Occipital condyles (2) Hypoglossal canals (2) * Basilar part (basal) (1)

# Cerebral Cranium (L) occiput — back part

Occipital Bone

# Cerebral Cranium: Occipital Bone large opening in the inferior part of the occipital bone through which the medulla oblongata of the brain joins the spinal cord

Foramen magnum

# Cerebral Cranium: Occipital Bone oval shaped prominences located on the inferior surfaces of each lateral part.

Occipital condyles

# Cerebral Cranium: Occipital Bone short passages from each lateral margin of the foramen magnum, close to its front end, that open below in front of the condyles.

Hypoglossal canals

# Cerebral Cranium: Occipital Bone is that part anterior to the foramen magnum.

Basilar part

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone is a large bony prominence that extend down from the temporal bone posterior to the ear.

Mastoid Process

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone long slender sliver-like process that extends down from each temporal bone.

Styloid process

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone is a slender bony process that extends horizontally forward from the opening of the ear.

Zygomatic process

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone is a depression on the temporal bone in front of the opening into the ear and below the origin of the zygomatic process.

Mandibular fossa

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone shaped somewhat like a pyramid and is sometimes called the petrous pyramid. (G) petra = rock.

Petrous part

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone porus, is an opening on the dorsal surface of the petrous part close to its medial end.

Internal acoustic opening

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone a canal leading from the internal acoustic opening to the inner ear.

Internal acoustic meatus

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bone short passage that begins as a circular opening on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid close to its medial end

Carotid canal

# Cerebral Cranium: Temporal Bones forms the anterior and inferior walls of the external acoustic meatus. (G) drum

Tympanic part

# Cerebral Cranium (G) sphen = wedge

Sphenoid bone

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone horizontal depression that crosses the body of the bone in front of the sella turcica.

Chiasmatic groove

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone horizontal depression that crosses the body of the bone in front of the sella turcica.

Chiasmatic groove

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone are 2 short passages extending anteriorly and laterally one from each side of the body. (G) optikos = eye

Optic canals (OT - optic foramina)

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone saddlelike bony depression on the upper surface of the body of the sphenoid. (L) sella = saddle, Turcica = Turkish

Sella Turcica

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone posterior wall of sella turcica

Dorsum sella

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone central cavity of the sella turcica

Pituitary fossa (hypophyseal fossa)

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone are two small rounded prominences that are located one at each lateral end of the upper margin of the dorsum sella.

Posterior clinoid processes

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone lie one on each side of the upper anterior surface of the sella turcica

Middle clinoid processes

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone lie one on each side of the upper anterior surface of the sella turcica

Middle clinoid processes

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone is an often poorly defined groove that passes vertically along each lateral surface of the body.

Carotid groove

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone are 2 bony processes that extend posteriorly from the medial end of the posterior free margin of each lesser wing.

Anterior clinoid processes

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone (round opening) a small opening in the medial basal part of the greater wing just lateral to the superior orbital fissure. Transmit maxillary nerve.

Forament rotundum (round opening)

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone (oval opening) is a larger opening in the basal part of the greater wing lateral to and behind the foramen rotundum. Transmits mandibular nerve.

Foramen ovale (oval opening)

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone comma shaped opening on the medial margin of each greater wing.

Superior orbital fissure

# Cerebral Cranium: Sphenoid Bone pteryx = a wing. Extend down vertically from the inferior surface of the body of the sphenoid bone on each side.

Pterygoid processes

# Cerebral Cranium (G) ethmos = a sieve

Ethmoid bone

# Cerebral Cranium: Ethmoid Bone wedge between the 2 orbital plates of the frontal bone in the ethmoidal notch on the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. (L) cribrum = sieve

Cribriform plate

# Cerebral Cranium: Ethmoid Bone very thin plate of bone that passes vertically up from the upper surface of the cribiform plate.

Crista galli

# Cerebral Cranium: Ethmoid Bone is a flat sheet of bone that extends down in the midline from the cribriform plate and forms the nasal septum.

Perpendicular plate

# Cerebral Cranium: Ethmoid Bone (L) concha = a shelf, a curved shelf. Are bony shelves that extend into the nasal cavities from the lateral walls.

Superior and middle nasal conchae

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae a large cavity within the body of the maxilla

Maxillary sinus

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae a ridge of bone that forms the lower border of the orbital opening.

Infraorbital margin

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae is a small opening on the anterior surface of the maxilla just below the infraorbital margin.

Infraorbital foramen

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae is a single small pointed projection in the midline at the base of the nasal septum.

Anterior nasal spine

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae is a small rounded bony prominence posterior to the third upper molar tooth

Maxillary tuberosity

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae extends up along the lateral side of the nose posterior to the nasal bone, and along the medial margin of the orbit. | Process

Frontal process

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae extends up and laterally from the body of maxilla to meet the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone. | Process

Zygomatic process

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae extends down from the inferior part of the body of the maxilla to form sockets for eight upper teeth. | Process

Alveolar process

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae is a flat shelf of bone that extends medially from the lower part of the body of the maxilla to meet its mate and form all but the posterior part of the hard palate. | Process

Palatine Process

# Visceral Cranium: Maxillae The Maxillae form parts of the following:

* The floor of the orbit * The medial part of each infraorbital margin * The lateral wall of each nasal cavity * The floor of each nasal cavity * The roof of the mouth Process

# Visceral Cranium (OT. malar bone) Quadrilateral in shape

Zygomatic bones

# Visceral Cranium: Zygomatic Bone at its lower margin joins the maxilla

Maxillary process

# Visceral Cranium: Zygomatic Bone joints the frontal bone at the upper lateral margin of the orbit.

Frontal Process

# Visceral C ranium: Zygomatic Bone joints the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the long slender zygomatic arch.

Temporal process

# Visceral Cranium 2 small flat bones located in the medial walls of the orbits.

Lacrimal bones

# Visceral Cranium (L) lacrima - a tear

Lacrimal bones

# Visceral Cranium Each bone is an “L” shaped structure, and includes horizontal and vertical plates of the bone.

Palatine bones

# Visceral Cranium: Palatine Bone forms the dorsal part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

The vertical part

# Visceral Cranium: Palatine Bone extends medially from the inferior part of the vertical plate to meet the horizontal plate of the other palatine bone.

Horizontal plate

# Visceral Cranium Each is a thin curved plate of bone that extends medially like a shelf into the nasal cavity from the lateral wall.

Inferior conchae

# Visceral Column Part of Inferior conchae

Inferior turbinate bones

# Visceral Cranium Small flat rectangular shaped bone that joins the nasal part of the frontal bone

Nasal bone

# Visceral Cranium (L) ------- = a ploughshare Single flat four sided bone plate that resembles a ploughshare.

Vomer

# Visceral Cranium Lower jaw

Mandible

# Visceral Cranium shaped like a horseshoe with its posterior end on each side turned up to articulate with the temporal bone.

A single mandible

# Visceral Cranium What are the parts of the Mandible

Body and Ramus

# Visceral Cranium What are the parts of the Body of the Mandible

* Angles * Symphysis * Mental protuberance * Mental foramina (2) * Alveolar part

# Visceral Cranium What are the pats of the Ramus of the Mandible

* Coronoid processes * Condylar process (neck and head or condyle) * Mandibular notches * Mandibular foramina * Mandibular canals

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible is the flat prominence at the inferior part of the symphysis anteriorly — the chin.

Mental protuberance

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible is a small opening on the outer surface of the body of the mandible on side below the second premolar tooth.

Mental foramen

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible is a flat thin upward extension of the anterior part of the ramus.

Coronoid process

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible extends upwards from the posterior part of the ramus to the adjacent joint.

Condylar process

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible is half-moon shaped notch between the coronoid and condylar processes of the ramus.

Mandibular notch

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible is an opening on the medial surface of the ramus about its center.

Mandibular foramen

# Visceral Cranium: Mandible is a passage within the lower part of the ramus and body of the mandible.

Mandibular canal

Other bones

Hyoid bone and Auditory Ossicles

# Other bone “U” shaped bone that is located in the anterior part of the neck. It lies horizontally about half-way between the body of the mandible and the thyroid cartilage. Body and Cornua

Hyoid

# Hyoid bone curved anterior part

Body

# Hyoid bone extends back from the posterior end of the body on each side as a bent process.

Greater cornu

# Hyoid bone much smaller and extends up from the greater cornu on each side.

Lesser cornu

# Other bones 3 pairs of Auditory ossicles

* Malleus * Incus * stapes

# Auditory ossicles Hammer

malleus

# Auditory ossicles Stirrup

stapes

Each cavity is cone shaped, its base lying in front and its apex at the pointed posterior end. Two (Right and Left)

The Orbit

# The Orbit is formed by the frontal bone.

supraorbital margin of the base

# The Orbit formed by the maxilla and zygomatic bone.

infraorbital margin

# The Orbit formed by the frontal and sphenoid.

roof of the orbit

# The Orbit formed by the maxilla, zygomatic and palatine bones.

The floor

# The Orbit formed by the maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and the body of sphenoid.

The medial wall

# The Orbit by the zygomatic and greater wing of the sphenoid.

The lateral wall

Chambers of the nose extending from the nostrils or openings (nares), on the face to the nasal pharynx, or throat, behind. (two: left and right)

The Nasal Cavities

# The Basal Foramina right and left; form short passages on the lateral margins of the body of the sphenoid under cover of the lesser wings. Transmits optic nerve and ophthalmic artery.

Optic canals (OT. Foramina)

# The Basal Foramina right and left; comma shaped slits in the lateral wall of each orbit close to its posterior end. Transmits several cranial nerves.

Superior orbital fissures

# The Basal Foramina right and left; are narrow slits between the lateral wall and the floor of the orbit.

Inferior orbital fissures

# The Basal Foramina is a small circular opening at the medial margin of the greater wing of the sphenoid close to the medial end of the superior orbital fissure. Transmits a maxillary nerve.

Foramen rotundum

# The Basal Foramina is an oval opening in the base of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posterior and lateral to the foramen rotundum. Transmits mandibular nerve.

Foramen ovale

# The Basal Foramina is a very small circular opening in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone posterior and lateral to the large foramen ovale. Transmits the middle meningeal artery to the inner surface of the skull.

Foramen spinosum

# The Basal Foramina is ragged opening at the apex of the petrous pyramid between it and the posterolateral margin of the body of the sphenoid bone. it is where the internal carotid artery enters the cranium after it has passed the carotid canal.

Foramen lacerum

# The Basal Foramina is a hole on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid about 1 cm posterolateral to the apex.

Carotid opening

# The Basal Foramina passes from the carotid opening on the inferior surface of the petrous pyramid through this bone to the foramen lacerum.

Carotid canal

# The Basal Foramina is a large irregular opening located between the lateral part of the occipital bone and the petrous pyramid. The internal jugular vein leaves the cranium through this opening.

Jugular foramen

# The Basal Foramina is a single very large opening in the basal part of the occipital bone.

Foramen magnum

# The Basal Foramina is an opening on the posterior surface of the petrous pyramid above the jugular foramen.

The internal acoustic opening

Are gap in bone formation at the angles where several bones meet. (fonticulus = a fountain)

Fontanelles

# Fontanelles located in the midline of the vertex of the skull where the posterior surface of the frontal bone meets the anterior and upper margins of the parietal bone.

Anterior fontanelle or frontal fontanelle

# Fontanelles lies in the midline on the upper posterior surface of the skull where the pointed end of the occipital bone meets the postprior margins of the two parietal bones.

Posterior fontanelle or occipital fontanelle

(AS) toth (L) dens

Teeth

__ in the maxillae, ___ in the madible

16

deciduous teeth

20

# Teeth __ permanent

32

parts of the tooth

1. crown 2. neck 3. root

Structure of a Tooth (5)

1. Pulp cavity 2. dentine 3. enamel 4. cement 5. apical foramen 6. peridental membrane

Classification of teeth: permanent

*Molar (12) *Premolar (8) *Canine (4) *Incisor (8)

Parts of the Tooth is the exposed part, visible in the mouth

Crown

Parts of the Tooth are small rounded prominences on the surfaces of the premolar and molar teeth

Cusps

Parts of a Tooth is the constricted part where the crown and root meet

The neck

Parts of a Tooth the small tapered end, is located in the alveolar process of the maxilla or the alveolar part of the mandible

The root

Parts of a Tooth is that aspect facing the tongue

Lingual surface

Parts of a Tooth is its outer aspect facing the lip or cheek

Labial or buccal surface

The Structure of a Tooth

1. The pulp cavity 2. The dentine 3. The enamel 4. cement 5. the apical foramen 6. the peridental membrane

# The Structure of a Tooth is the central cavity within a tooth extending from the crown down the root.

The pulp cavity

# The Structure of a Tooth is modified bone that surrounds the pulp cavity in both the crown and root

The dentine

# The Structure of a Tooth is a thin covering that forms an outer coat for the crown.

The enamel

# The Structure of a Tooth is a layer of modified bone that covers the dentine of the root.

The cement

# The Structure of a Tooth is a minute opening in the tip of the root by which a nerve and an artery enter, and a vein leaves the pulp cavity.

The apical foramen

# The Structure of a Tooth is a layer of fibrous tissues that surorunds the root of each tooth and attaches it to the wall of the socket in which the tooth lies

The peridental membrane

refers to the position of the upper and lower teeth in relation to each other when the mouth is closed.

Occlusion

the cusps and grooves do not fit into each other, or in some instances opposing teeth may not touch each other.

Malocclusion

The Function of Teeth

* Incisors bite off mouthfuls of food * Premolars and molars grind and masticate food. * The object is to break food into small pieces so that the digestive juices may come into intimate contact with the food particles when it reaches the digestive organs.

# Some Basic Terms Defined Two cone shaped cavities for the eyeballs

Orbits

# Some Basic Terms Defined is the point at the outer margin where the upper and lower eyelid meets

Lateral canthus

# Some Basic Terms Defined The two chambers of the nose

Nasal Cavities

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is the partition between the two nasal cavities

Nasal septum

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is the pear shaped hole between the two maxillary bones into the nasal cavities

The piriform opening

# Some Basic Terms Defined Are cavities within some of the cranial bones

Paranasal sinuses

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is the expanded cavity at the upper end of the digestive tract

The mouth

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is the chin, the prominence on the anterior part of the mandible at the midline

Mentum

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is the passage leading into the ear and ear drum

External acoustic meatus

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is the opening leading into the ear and eardrum

External acoustic opening

# Some Basic Terms Defined Is a slender bridge of bone that extends on each side from in front of the external acoustic opening to the zygomatic bone below, and lateral to, the orbit

Zygomatic arch

# Some Basic Terms Defined Bony prominence that extends down from the lateral surface of the skull behind the ear

Mastoid process

# Some Basic Terms Defined Protuberance is a small but definite prominence on the occipital bone in the midline

External occipital protuberance

# Some Basic Terms Defined Flat Part

Squamous part

# Some Basic Terms Defined Are unossified area at the junctions where three bones of the skull meet in the infant

Fontanelles

# Some Basic Terms Defined The Point on the vertex of the skull where the sagittal suture meets the coronal suture

Bregma

# Some Basic Terms Defined The point at the posterior end of the sagittal suture where the occipital and two parietal bones are in contact

Lambda

# Some Basic Terms Defined Are three depressions on the inner surface of the floor of the skull

Cranial fossae

# Some Basic Terms Defined Openings in the floor or base of the skull through which nerves and veins leave the cranial cavity or arteries enter it

Basal foramina

# Congenital Anomalies without a head

Acephalus

# Congenital Anomalies two heads, dicepalic

Dicephalus, bicephalus

# Congenital Anomalies a large head, macrocephalic

Macrocephalus

# Congenital Anomalies fluid in the head

Hydrocephalus

# Congenital Anomalies A small head, microcephalic

Microcephalus

# Congenital Anomalies two halves of the soft or hard palate may fail to unite at the midline in the roof of the mouth

Cleft palate

# Congenital Anomalies the upper lip may fail to unite on one side or other

Hare lip deformity