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Continuing Studies > The Rest of the World > Flashcards

The Rest of the World Flashcards

China, Japan, Morocco, Lebanon, Israel, Armenia, Georgia, Bulgaria

1
Q

1st French company in China?

A

Remy-Martin, Tianjin

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2
Q

Largest producing China region?

A

Yantai-Penglai
*40% of total production

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3
Q

Ningxia

A

NW China
* most viti in river valley between the Yellow River and Helen Foothills
* CLIMATE: continental af
**altitude mitigates summer heat, lends a big diurnal shift - dry air excaberates the diurnal

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4
Q

China’s 1st “official” wine region

A

Helan Mountains
(recognized by China, not EU)

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5
Q

Ningxia climate?

A

VERY continental
*altitude mitigates summer heat and lends a big diurnal shift - dry air excaberates the diurnal
* vines must be buried by forming a mound of sand/earth around base for insulation from Nov to March

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6
Q

LVMH’s projects in China?

A

Ao Yun (premium BDX wines)
CHANDON (Chinese sparkling wine pioneer)

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7
Q

Lafite’s China winery

A

Long Dai (Shandong province, NE)

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8
Q

Baijiu

A

Baiju = “White liquor”
* made from Sorghum

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9
Q

major mountain range for Moroccan viticulture

A

Atlas Mountains

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10
Q

Premier Moroccan wine region?

A

Meknès

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11
Q

Mahia

A

National drink of Morocco
Jewish brandy distilled from dates, figs, grapes and flavored with aniseed
(mint tea is the non-alcoholic national drink)

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12
Q

Largest Indian wine producer?

A

Sula Vineyards

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13
Q

Michel Rolland consulting gig in India?

A

Grover Vineyards

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14
Q

Main prefecture for Japanese winemaking?

A

Yamanashi - 1/3rd of production and home to Koshu Valley

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15
Q

Japan’s oldest vitis vinifera grape?

A

Koshu
*thought to be from the Caucasus region - in Japan for ~1000 years, probably arrived via the Silk Road
*vitis vinifera. Thick skins, distinct rose color

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16
Q

Most popular grapes in Japan?

A

Muscat Baily A (red, hybrid)
Koshu
Muscat of Alexandria

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17
Q

Start of modern wine scene in Israel?

A

Baron Edmond de Rothschild, 1880’s
*as a wealthy Jew, he was asked to help by 2 villages. He sent Lafite cuttings modern equipment and some experts
*Carmel Winey is still operating today

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18
Q

Who/where was drip irrigation invented?

A

Israel
Simcha Blass

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19
Q

Israeli wine regions?

A
  • Golan Heights - NE corner, where Isreal meets Lebanon
  • Galilee - larger region
  • Coastal Plain - hot humid, not quality
  • Judean Hills - terra rossa over limestone
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20
Q

Kosher wine

A

Harvested grapes are only handled by Sabbath-observing Jews
*all additives, materials must be kosher cert
* no crops between rows
* a percentage of harvest is discarded as a tithe to the Jewish temple
* only the 4th harvest of a new vineyard can become wine

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21
Q

Lebanon wineries?

A
  • Chateau Ksara: est 1857; largest producer
  • Dom. des Tourrelles: est 1868; 1st modern serious commercial venture
  • Chateau Musar
  • Chateau Nakad
    *these 4 were the only operating in 1975
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22
Q

Lebanese Arak

A

Grape-derived spirit, typically distilled 2-4x in a Moorish copper pot still. Anise seed is added before final distillation. Ages in cloth covered amphora.

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23
Q

Lebanese native white grapes

A

Obaideh
Merweh
*both white

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24
Q

Cyprus mountain range

A

Troodos Mountain Range

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25
Q

Commandaria
- grapes
- style
- aging
- max yield

A

World’s oldest continually produced style of wine (Cypriot Manna - 800BC)

  • Mavro + Xynisteri (white)
  • sun-dried
  • must age 2 years in oak
  • 17hl/ha

Raisin wine OR Fortified (only fortified AFTER fermentation)

26
Q

Commandaria elevation

A

400 - 900M
South slopes of Troodos Mtns

27
Q

Commandaria aging

A

min. 2 years in oak

28
Q

Origin of name “Commandaria”

A

“Grande Commandarie” of the Knights of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, who settled in Cyprus and occupied a large part of the province of Limassol.

Commandaria is deemed to be the oldest designation of origin.

~1190’s. “Cypriot manna” was the earliest name

29
Q

How old is Commandaria as a wine style?

A

800BC

30
Q

2 main grapes of Cyprus?

A

Mavro (red)
Xynisteri (white)
(Commandaria grapes)

31
Q

Top Israeli wineries?

A

Carmel
Barkan
Golan Heights
Teperberg 1870
Binyamina Wine Cellar
*these 5 account for 75% of production

32
Q

Chateau Musar red grapes for the main wine?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cinsault
Carignan
*Bekaa Valley
*3 years elevage, 4 years in bottle before release

33
Q

Chateau Musar white grapes in the grand vin?

A

Obaideh
Merweh

34
Q

Top producing Georgia regions

A

1 Kakheti (72.4%)

#2 Imereti (15.1%)
#3 Kartli (7.4%)

35
Q

Capital of Georgia?

A

Tbilisi

36
Q

Georgia’s most important climate influencing features?

A

Caucasus Mountains
Black Sea

37
Q

Georgia Grapes

A

75% white, 25% red
* Saperavi, Rkatsiteli most cultivated
* 525 varieties, 55k planted hectares

Saperavi - 6,441 ha
Rkatsiteli - 4,812 ha
Tsolikouri - 1,415 ha
Chinuri - 1,183 ha
Kakhuri Mtsvane - 1,052 ha
Cab Sauv - 350 ha

38
Q

Georgia’s most important wine region

A

Kakheti - 80% of production
(18 of 24 PDO’s are here)

39
Q

Rkatsiteli

A

re-KATS-ih-TEHly
Georgia’s most planted white
* often blended with Mtsvane Kakhuri

40
Q

Saperavi

A

Georgia’s #1 (indigenous) red
* “place of color”
* teinturier

41
Q

Georgia’s most important soil type

A

Cinnamonic: sandy reddish calcareous clays. high iron content
* type specific to areas around the Black Sea

42
Q

Georgian cultivation method where vines crawl up trees

A

Maglari

43
Q

Tsinandali

A

PDO in Kakheti
Rkatsiteli and Mtsvane blends

44
Q

Vayots Dzor

A

Armenia
* 850 - 1750M. South Caucasus
* continental (cold winters = buried vines)
* SOILS: volcanic/limestone mix
* phylloxera free. Grafting is illegal
* GRAPES: Areni (birthplace), Voskehat (Viognier-ish), Khatourin (blender with Voskehat)

Keush, Yacoubian-Hobbs

45
Q

Armenian term for quevri

A

Karas

46
Q

Armenia lay of the land/climate

A

Avg elevation = 1500M. “boiling pot of mountains”
* Very challenging climate. Hot dry summer, frigid winters (buried vines kind of cold)
* limestone and/or volcanics
* 80% of grapes go to brandy
* Mt Ararat, Mt Aragats

47
Q

Armenia wine regions

A
  1. Vayots Dzor (Areni-1)
  2. Armavir (center of brandy production; largest region)
  3. Aragatsotn
  4. Ararat (2nd largest)
  5. Tavush
  6. Yerevan
48
Q

Armenia grapes

A

Areni
Voskehat (Viognier-ish)
Khatourin (blender with Voskehat)

49
Q

Moldova

A

Greatest number of vines per capita in the world
* Very moderate climate. Same latitude as Burgundy. Black Sea = cooling influence
* a few indigenous grapes, but Chard, Cab, Pinot Noir, Sauv Blanc, Aligoté and other varieties dominate production

  • Codru: central/continental. Elegant reds, fresh whites
  • Ștefan Vodă: Med climate; full-bodied reds; SE
  • Valul lui Trajan: SW, brandy
50
Q

Romania

A
  • Merlot is most planted red; Fetească Albă and Fetească Regală are most planted whites
  • continental climate moderated by Black Sea. Carpathian Mountains, Danube River
  • 5 companies = 70% of production; 97% of growers own less than .5ha
51
Q

Romania’s 2 most “important” DOC

A
  • Târnave DOC (in Jidvei DOC/Transylvania): coolest region
  • Cotnari DOC (Moldavia): famed sweet wine, historically on par with Tokaj. Grasă de Cotnari is most prominent grape (related to Furmint)
52
Q

Czech Republic - 2 wine regions

A
  1. Bohemia (north)
  2. Moravia (south): 96% of vineyard; Welschriesling, Chard, GV, SB, Riesling
53
Q

2 major Ukrainian wine regions?

A

Crimea (if counting contested territory)
Odessa
* 80% of total production

54
Q

Bulgaria’s 5 wine regions

A
  1. Struma Valley (only Med climate)
  2. Valley of the Roses
  3. Danubian Plains
  4. Thracian Lowlands
  5. Black Sea Region
    * last 4 are continental
55
Q

Bulgaria wine law

A

Controliran (1978): obsolete since 2007 adoption of EU standards

Now..
1. Table Wine
2. Quality Wine (there are 2: Danubian Plains, Thracian Lowlands)
**52 PDOs with just 5 or 6 used. Majority of production is table wine

56
Q

Rubin

A

Nebbiolo x Syrah crossing; used in Bulgaria

57
Q

Bulgaria Grapes

A

60% reds: Cab Sauv, Merlot most planted
* Pamid (10%, early-ripener, historic)
* Gamza (Kadarka)
* Mavrud
* Rubin (Nebbiolo x Syrah)

40% whites:
* Rkatsiteli
* Dimiat
* Red Misket (Misket Cherven): aromatic specialty of Sungurlare. no relation to Muscat. Red Misket, Rkatsiteli, and Dimiat are the most planted white varieties in Bulgaria.

58
Q

Romania most planted white grapes

A

Fetească Albă, Fetească Regală
* followed by… Riesling Italico (Welschriesling), Chardonnay, Sauvignon, Muscat Ottonel, and Pinot Gris

59
Q

Romania wine law

A
  1. Wines for Current Consumption
    - Table Wine, Superior Table Wine
  2. Quality Wines
    - VCIG (PGI), DOC (PDO)

DOC-CMD: grapes harvested at full maturity
DOC-CT: late-harvested grapes
DOC-CIB: botrytis-affected grapes

PGI follow 85% rule
12 PGI, 35 DOC

60
Q

Romania’s highest elevation vineyards

A

Transylvanian Plateau

61
Q

Cotnari DOC

A

Historic Romanian sweet wine; Moldovan Hills
* Grasă de Cotnari = most prominent grape
* Frâncusa, Tămâioasă Românească, Fetească Albă can be blended with Grasă or vinified and bottled separately as varietal wines
* Cotnari may be dry, but the sweet Grasă-based interpretations are the most complex and long-lived

62
Q

Romania Grapes

A

Feateasca Regala (Royal Maiden; white)

Merlot

Feteasca Albă (White maiden)

Fetească Negra (black maiden)

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