The Solid Earth - Chapter 7: Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions

Question 1

Successive eruptions from a central vent result in a mountainous accumulation of material known as a _____

Answer 1

volcano

Question 2

This is located at the summit of many volcanoes and is a steep walled depression connected to a magma chamber via a pipelike conduit or vent

Answer 2

crater

Question 3

This is the name for summit depressions that exceed one km in diameter

Answer 3

calderas

Question 4

Lava that is very _____ creates a plug in the pipe which rises slowly or is blown out, often enlarging the crater

Answer 4

viscous

Question 5

Sometimes it is easier for magma or escaping gasses to push through _____ on the volcano’s flanks

Answer 5

fissures

Question 6

Continued activity from a flank eruption may build a “______”

Answer 6

parasitic cone

Question 7

The name for secondary vents that only emit gases

Answer 7

fumeroles

Question 8

Name the three types of volcanoes

Answer 8

Shield
Cinder
Composite

Question 9

These volcano types form when fluid lava is extruded and the volcano takes on a shape of a broad domed structure. These are made primarily of basaltic lava flows and contain only a small percentage of pyroclasts

Answer 9

shield

Question 10

Which type of volcano is built from ejected lava fragments?

Answer 10

Cinder cones

Question 11

Cinder cones have a very (gentle/steep) slope

Answer 11

steep

Question 12

What are two names for earth’s most picturesque volcanoes?

Answer 12

composite cones

stratovolcanoes

Question 13

Most active composite cone volcanoes are located in a narrow zone that encircles the Pacific Ocean called

Answer 13

Ring of Fire

Question 14

A composite cone is a large and nearly ____ structure built of interbedded lavas and pyroclastic deposits emitted mainly from a central vent

Answer 14

symmetrical

Question 15

Composite cones are produced when relatively viscous lavas of andesitic composition are ____

Answer 15

extruded

Question 16

True or false: the composite cone is only known for extruding lava for long periods

Answer 16

False; it can also change to host a violent eruption of pyroclastic material

Question 17

What is the most violent type of volcano?

Answer 17

composite cone

Question 18

Which type of volcano destroyed Pompeii and was named Vesuvias?

Answer 18

Composite cone

Question 19

eruptions of a devastating nature that happen when hot gases infused with incandescent ash are ejected creating a fiery cloud referred to as a glowing avalanche

Answer 19

nuee ardente

Question 20

Which causes faster destruction: a violent explosion or a glowing avalanche?

Answer 20

Glowing avalanche

Question 21

The name of a mudflow that composite cones can generate

Answer 21

lahar

Question 22

Most volcanoes are fed by conduits called ____ or ____

Answer 22

pipes

vents

Question 23

What are pipes or vents believed to connect to?

Answer 23

A magma source

Question 24

The materials in the vents are considered to be representative samples (windows) of the ___

Answer 24

asthenosphere

Question 25

______ are easily eroded because they are composed of unconsolidated materials

Answer 25

cinder cones

Question 26

The remaining structure occupying the vent that does not weather as quickly after the rest of the volcano has eroded

Answer 26

volcanic neck