The Study of Nails

Question 1

The primary purpose of the free edge of the nail is to ________________.

Answer 1

protect the tip of the finger or toe

Question 2

The nail bed is attached to the bone by ______________.

Answer 2

ligaments

Question 3

Attached at the base of the nail, under the skin and inside the mantle, is the ________________.

Answer 3

nail root

Question 4

What is the skin that touches, overlaps and surrounds the nail?

Answer 4

perionychium

Question 5

The ____________ is a half-moon shape at the base of the nail that appears white due to a reflection of light at the point where the ________________ and ______________ meet.

Answer 5

lunula, nail matrix, nail bed

Question 6

The active tissue that generates cells that harden as they move outward from the root the the nail is called the ____________________.

Answer 6

nail matrix

Question 7

__________ are considered appendages of the skin.

Answer 7

Nails

Question 8

What is the cuticle that overlaps the lunula at the base of the nail?

Answer 8

eponychium

Question 9

What is the deep, pocket-like area that holds the root and the matrix of the nail?

Answer 9

mantle

Question 10

The loose and pliable overlapping of skin around the nail is the ____________.

Answer 10

cuticle

Question 11

The skin under the free-edge of the nail is the ___________________.

Answer 11

hyponychium

Question 12

The folds of skin on either side of the nail groove are called the _______________.

Answer 12

nail wall

Question 13

The tracks on either side of the nail that the nail moves on as it grows are called the ________________.

Answer 13

nail grooves

Question 14

If a nail is lost due to injury and does not grow back, what nail structure has possibly been permanently damaged?

Answer 14

nail matrix

Question 15

What is the average growth rate of nails in adults?

Answer 15

1/8” per month

Question 16

A decrease in the rate of growth in nails can be cause by ____________________.

Answer 16

aging, poor nutrition, or winter months

Question 17

Under normal conditions, the growth of a new nail plate takes approximately ________________.

Answer 17

4 - 6 months

Question 18

Which nail structure consists of many nerves and blood vessels for continuous nourishment?

Answer 18

nail bed

Question 19

Any disease, disorder or condition of the nail is called _________________.

Answer 19

onychosis

Question 20

Nails with a sign of disease require ______________________.

Answer 20

referral to a physician

Question 21

What are some of the diseases of the nail that are cause by fungus?

Answer 21

tinea pedis, tinea manus, onychomycosis

Question 22

Onychia is and inflammation of the _______________.

Answer 22

nail matrix

Question 23

Vertical lines down the nail plate that may be caused by illness or injury are called _____________.

Answer 23

furrows

Question 24

Systemic or long-term illness or nervous disturbance can cause ______________________.

Answer 24

spoon nails

Question 25

A healthy nail is smooth, curved, translucent, pinkish in color, and __________________.

Answer 25

without hollows or wavy ridges

Question 26

The technical name for the disease referred to as ringworm (tinea) of the nail is __________________.

Answer 26

onychomycosis

Question 27

Possible causes of paronychia include ___________________________________.

Answer 27

infected hangnail, bacterial infection, or prolonged exposure to water

Question 28

___________________ appears as itching and peeling of the skin on the feet, and must be ________________.

Answer 28

Tinea pedis, referred to a physician

Question 29

The disorder in which the nail grows into the edge of the nail grooves causing ingrown toenails is _________________.

Answer 29

onychocryptosis

Question 30

Uneven growth of a nail may cause ________________.

Answer 30

wavy ridges

Question 31

Trimming toenails ______________ can help avoid ingrown toenails.

Answer 31

straight across

Question 32

Small white spots on the nail cause by an injury in which a small separation occurs between the nail and the nail bed is called ________________.

Answer 32

leuconychia

Question 33

Blood trapped under the nails is a condition referred to as ________________________.

Answer 33

bruised nails

Question 34

What condition results when the cuticle becomes overly dry and splits?

Answer 34

hangnail

Question 35

_________________ is a condition in which an excess of living skin attaches to the nail plate, disrupting normal nail growth.

Answer 35

Pterygium

Question 36

What is another name for onychauxis?

Answer 36

hypertrophy

Question 37

A thickening of the nail plate or an abnormal outgrowth of the nail is called ________________.

Answer 37

onychauxis

Question 38

What would be the correct response if a client exhibits signs of onychophagy?

Answer 38

offer to perform a weekly nail service, including polish

Question 39

Improper filing, injuries, or harsh chemicals could be the cause of ___________________.

Answer 39

split nails

Question 40

_______________ is caused by a client's nervous habit.

Answer 40

Onychophagy

Question 41

What is the nail condition that can be indicated by a yellow discoloration that progresses to black and begins to smell bad?

Answer 41

nail fungus

Question 42

Onychorrhexis is a term indicating ____________________.

Answer 42

brittle or split nails

Question 43

Discoloration of the nail can indicate serious problems in which part of the nail?

Answer 43

nail bed

Question 44

Upon discovery of a nail fungus on a client's hands or feet, the cosmetologist needs to ___________________.

Answer 44

refer the client to a physician

Question 45

What is the job of the manicurist when determining the shape of the client's nails?

Answer 45

enhance the client's natural nail shape

Question 46

An implement that shortens, shapes, and smooths rough edges of natural nails is called __________________.

Answer 46

emery board, nail file

Question 47

What product can be used to remove stains on nails?

Answer 47

nail bleach

Question 48

A ___________ may be used to aid in fast drying and protecting fresh polish from becoming sticky or dull.

Answer 48

nail dryer

Question 49

The finger bowl should contain warm water and ___________.

Answer 49

soap

Question 50

What is generally the wattage for the bulb found in a lamp used for close detail work?

Answer 50

40 watt

Question 51

How should implements involved in a blood spill incident be handled?

Answer 51

disinfected with a broad spectrum disinfectant

Question 52

How do you properly disinfect multi-use implements after performing a manicure service?

Answer 52

wash with soap and water, then place in EPA approved disinfectant.

Question 53

How often should disinfectant be replaced?

Answer 53

as directed by manufacturer

Question 54

When removing polish, work from _________________.

Answer 54

base to tip

Question 55

When performing a manicure you must remove any traces of ________________________ before applying __________.

Answer 55

oil, lotion or cream; polish

Question 56

When is it appropriate to offer a hand massage during a manicure?

Answer 56

prior to polishing the nails

Question 57

How should polish be applied?

Answer 57

using light, sweeping strokes

Question 58

What should you use to remove excess polish at the edge of the nail?

Answer 58

an orange stick (or pusher) wrapped in cotton with the tip saturated in polish remover

Question 59

Nail polish should be applied _______ the base coat.

Answer 59

over

Question 60

During the massage portion of a pedicure, apply pressure to the muscular tissue on either side of ___________________.

Answer 60

the shinbone

Question 61

Brittle or dry aging hands could receive some benefit from _________________________.

Answer 61

hot oil or cream manicuring

Question 62

Following an acrylic nail service, brushes should be cleaned _____________________.

Answer 62

in brush cleaner

Question 63

Because most nail products produce vapors which are flammable, ___________________.

Answer 63

smoking should not be allowed in the salon

Question 64

Avoid the use of acetone polish remover on _________________.

Answer 64

plastic nail tips

Question 65

How much of the nail bed should a nail tip cover?

Answer 65

1/3 to 1/2

Question 66

A dehydrant is used to help remove ________________ and prevent the growth of _____________.

Answer 66

oil and moisture; fungus

Question 67

When should a dehydrating product be applied to the nail?

Answer 67

before applying a nail form

Question 68

After applying the primer during a sculpted nail service, _________________.

Answer 68

avoid touching the nail

Question 69

Re-balancing the nail during a fill service means to file and buff the nail to blend _________________.

Answer 69

remaining acrylic to the new growth area

Question 70

If a nail fungus is found prior to performing a fill service, what step should be taken?

Answer 70

remove the artificial nail