The terror

Question 1

war with Britain?

Answer 1

following execution of Louis, French ambassador expelled, war declared Feb 1 1793. Britain would serve to finance the first coalition against france.

Question 2

The Vendee?

Answer 2

rural,conservative and highly catholic area, large amounts of church land sold… uprising due to levy of 300000 men.
14 march took major city of Cholet, massacred officials and guerrilla warfare.

Question 3

Jacobin/Robespierres measures:

Answer 3

+Oct 1792: creation of the CGS, established for policing and justice, 12 deputies 1793.
+February 1793: Draft of 300000 men
+March 1793: 82 repressentants en mission, appointed to travel france in pairs and ensure law and order
+March 1793: revolutionary tribunal established
+March 1793: comittes of public surveillance established
+17 march: rebels bearing arms could be executed with no appeal
+April 1793: committee of public safety established (CPS)

Question 4

fall of Girondans?

Answer 4

12 April 1793- Girondans produced indictment for Marats arrest (went against law) , Marat tried and acquitted 12 days later,
3 may, 80000 sans culottes surrounded convention demanding bread price controls,
26 may, Robespierre called for expulsion of corrupt deputies
2 June, 80000-100000 crowds assembled, leading to expulsion of 29 girondan deputies
federealist revolts in 60/83 of the departments
uprising in toulon…

Question 5

Jacobin constitution?

Answer 5

24 June, established executive council to replace king and his minsters, decreed all adult males right to vote =
NEVER RATIFIED DUE TO WAR

Question 6

Levee en masse?

Answer 6

23 August 1793, all men without immediate dependants called up for war, effort to reunite country, all played a part.
by 1794, over 1 million men in arms, 14 well trained and supplied armies
It became a crime to be defeated and fail.
by end of 1793, with help of generals such as Hoche and Pichegru, all armies driven out of France and vended rebels dispersed.

Question 7

rise of terror?

Answer 7

Growing Influence of sans culottes, 2 members joined the cps.
-9 sept: farmers forced to give up grain and hoarders attacked
-17 September: Law of suspects passed, surveillance passed lists of suspects to cps
-29 September: new law for general maximum price of grain
DANTON: LET US BE TERRIBLE IN ORDER TO STOP THE OTHER PEOPLE FROM DOING SO

Question 8

victims of the terror?

Answer 8

1792-4 approx 40000 victims of the terror.
popular terror sept-dec 1793, 500000 cases in tribunal

Question 9

show trials?

Answer 9

14 October, Marie Antoinette’s trial and 16 her execution
-24 October, 21 expelled Girondans executed, within 36 minutes
-6 Nov, duc d orleans
-8 nov, madame roland, husband Roland had fled.

Question 10

Terror outside of Paris?

Answer 10

Vendee- 7873 guiltoned, 2000 shot/ mass drownings
Toulon: 700/800 killed
Lyons: 2000 cannoned into mass graves

Question 11

religion?

Answer 11

despite extreme attacks on religion, December, Robespierre called for violent attacks on religion to be prohibited, re established religious toleration.
The cult of supreme being= ‘ French people recognise the existence of a supreme being and immortality of the soul.

Question 12

law of 14 frumaire?

Answer 12

gave cps direct power over everyone, highly centralised, decrease in sans culottes.

Question 13

Robespierre eliminating rivals?

Answer 13

Hubertists: rumours of a plot to massacre national assembly spread,
-march 1794 Hebert and 18 associates executed
-arrest of indulgents followed: Danton, desmoulins and 13 others guillotined in April 1794.

Question 14

law of 22 Prairial?

Answer 14

8 may, terror intensified, all accused of political crimes to be sent to Paris, only acquittal or death.
led to great terror: 10 June to 26 July 1794- rev tribunal announced 1284 death sentences, acquitted only 278.

Question 15

Thermidor- Robespierres downfall

Answer 15

Robespierre and assistants all found guilty and guiltoned 28 July, 87/95 commune members killed
=end of terror.