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MEDSCI201 > The upper limb > Flashcards

The upper limb Flashcards

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1
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Comprises the clavicle and shoulder. Links free limb to axial skeleton at sternoclavicular joint

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2
Q

Movements of Pectoral girdle

A

Scapula retraction & protraction
Scapula elevation & depression
Superior rotation (abduction) & inferior rotation (adduction)

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3
Q

Scapula

A

Triangular, flat bone covering the posterior and lateral surface of ribs 2-7

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4
Q

How many angles, borders, protuberances and surfaces does the scapula have?

A

3 of each (12 in total)

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5
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Saddle shaped synovial joint. Has two cavities divided by a fibrocartilaginous disc (intra-articular disc)

Four ligaments
A & P sternoclavicular lig
Costoclavicular lig
Interclavicular lig

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6
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Has a wedge shaped fibrocartilaginous intra-articular disc.

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7
Q

Anterior muscles of Pectoral Girdle

A

Axial to Pec G
Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

Axial to humerus
Pectoralis major

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8
Q

Posterior muscles of Pec G

A

Axial to Pec G
Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

Axial to humerus
Latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

Pec G to humerus

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Subscapularis
Deltoid
Teres Major
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii

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10
Q

Origin

A

Moves the least

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11
Q

Insertion

A

Moves the most

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12
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Adducts the humerus
Internally rotates humerus
Can help protract scapula by pulling on humerus

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13
Q

Subclavius

A

C5
Braces clavicle
Weak depressor of scapula

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14
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Depresses scapula
Helps protract scapula

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15
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Protracts scapula
Lower fibres help superiorly rotate scapula

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16
Q

Trapezius

A

Superior - elevates scapula
Middle - retracts scapula
Lower - depresses scapula
Sup & inf - superior rotation of scapula

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17
Q

Levator scapula

A

Elevates scapula
Helps inferiorly rotate scapula

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18
Q

Rhomboid minor & major

A

Retracts scapula
Elevates scapula
Helps inferiorly rotate scapula

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19
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Adducts the humerus
Internally rotates humerus
Lower fibres can depress scapula by pulling on humerus
Can help inferiorly rotate scapula by pulling on humerus

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20
Q

Elevators of scapula

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhom major and minor

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21
Q

Depressors of scapula

A

Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Lower fibers at pectoralis major
Lower trapezius
Lower fibers of serratus anterior
Lower fibers of latissimus dorsi

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22
Q

Protractors of scapula (abduction)

A

Pectoralis minor
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior

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23
Q

Rectractors of the scapula (adduction)

A

Rhom minor and major
Middle fibers of trapezius
Upper fibers of latissimus dorsi

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24
Q

Inferior rotators of the scapula

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomb major and minor
Pectoralis minor
Lower Pectoralis major

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25
Superior rotators of the scapula
Trapezius, upper part Trapezius, lower part Serratus anterior
26
Shoulder joint
Also known as the glenohumeral joint
27
Bone ends - humerus
The single, large, long bone of the arm. The articular surface of the head forms 2/5ths of a sphere and is covered with hyaline cartilage. It is considerably larger than the glenoid fossa with which it articulates - hence the great mobility of the shoulder joint. Note also the very short anatomical neck, which separates the head from the greater and lesser tubercles, which are in turn separated by the intertubercular groove (spanned by the transverse humeral ligament and holds the long head of biceps brachii). The surgical neck of the humerus is the upper end of the shaft of the bone, below the tubercles, and is a common site of fracture.
28
Bone ends - Scapula
The very shallow, pear shaped glenoid fossa of the scapula faces, in the anatomical position, antero-laterally and is smaller in area than the articular surface of the head of the humerus. It does not in any sense ‘hold’ the head of the humerus in position (cf the acetabular fossa of the hip joint). The fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum surrounds the fossa but does little to improve stability of the joint.
29
Bursae
Minimise friction of tendons as they pass across bones or other tendons to their insertions
30
Rotator cuff muscles
Anterior Subscapularis Posterior Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
31
Subscapularis
Internally rotates arm
32
Supraspinatus
Abducts arm
33
Infraspinatus
Externally rotates arm
34
Teres minor
Externally rotates arm
35
Deltoid
Innervated by axillary nerve Divided into three parts, anterior, posterior and middle fibres
36
Posterior fibres of deltoid
Extend shoulder Externally rotates arm Abduct / adducts arm with ant.fibres (depending on shoulder position)
37
Anterior fibres
Flex shoulder Internally rotates arm Abduct / adducts arm with post. fibres (depending on shoulder position)
38
Middle fibres
Multipennate Abducts arm
39
Teres major
Internal rotation of arm Adducts shoulder Inserts on medial lip of intertubercular groove
40
Coracobrachialis
Adduction of shoulder Inserts on medial side of humerus
41
Arm abductors
Supraspinatus Deltoid, middle part
42
Arm adductors
Posterior Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Long head of triceps Post deltoid Anterior Ant. deltoid Pec. Major Coracobrachialis
43
Arm flexors
Anterior deltoid Clavicular head of pectoralis major Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii
44
Arm extensors
Posterior deltoid Teres major Latissimus dorsi Long head of triceps Sternocostal portion of pectoralis major
45
Internal rotators and External rotators
Internal Pec. major Ant. deltoid Subscapularis Latissimus dorsi Teres Major External Post. deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor
46
Organisation of arm
Anterior and posterior compartments are separated by medial and lateral muscular septa. Septa attach to medial and lateral supracondylar ridges of the humerus Intermuscular septa are continuous with deep fascia
47
Anterior compartment
Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii and brachialis make up bulk
48
Posterior compartment
Triceps has three heads: long, lateral and medial.
49
The elbow
Three joints in one capsule The humero-ulnar and humero-radial joints comprise a hinge joint with 135* of flexion/extension. The superior radio-ulnar joint provides for pronation and supination of the forearm.
50
Elbow ligaments
Triangular ulnar or medial collateral ligament. Ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle and lies on intermediate part of medial ligament Radial or lateral collateral ligament extends from lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament Annular ligament is attached to the edges of the radial notch of the ulna and surrounds the head of the radius. This allows the head of the ladius to spin during pronation and supination
51
Shunt muscles
Long head triceps Deltoid Short head biceps Coracobrachialis
52
What do shunt muscles do?
Help prevent unwanted inferior movement of the humeral head at the shoulder joint during loading e.g carrying a heavy item
53
Biceps brachii
Supinator Elbow flexor
54
Brachialis
Main elbow flexor
55
Coracobrachialis
Adduction of the shoulder
56
Triceps brachii
Elbow extensor
57
Carrying angle
Angle between radius and humerus > 15* in males < 15* in females
58
Functions of interosseous membrane
Hinge Muscle attachment Force transmission
59
Pronator/Supinator
Pronate/Supinate
60
Flexor/Extensor
Flexion/Extension
61
Abductor/Adductor
Abducts/Adducts
62
Palmaris
Palm
63
Carpi
Carpals of wrist
64
Digitorum
Digits or fingers
65
Pollicis
Thumb
66
Indicis
Index finger
67
Digiti minimi
Little finger
68
Radialis / Ulnaris
Radius / Ulnar
69
Superficialis / Profundus
Superficial / Deep
70
Teres
Round
71
Quadratus
Quadrangular (square)
72
Longus
Long
73
Brevis
Short
74
Anterior flexor compartment
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Common origin from common flexor tendon of anterior aspect of medial epicondyle
75
Ulnar origin muscles (deep)
Flexor digitorum profundus and pronator quadratus
76
Flexor pollicis longus origin
Radius
77
Flexor carpi radialis insertion
base of 2nd metacarpal
78
Flexor carpi ulnaris insertion
Pisiform carpal bone
79
Muscles flexing the wrist
Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris aided by palmaris longus
80

MEDSCI201 (21 decks)

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