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Psychology > Theories > Flashcards

Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Weber’s law

A

Just noticeable difference

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2
Q

Young Helmholtz Color Theory

A

(trichromatic theory) color determined by the relative activity in red, blue, or green sensitive cones

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3
Q

Opponent Process Color Theory

A

Color information is organized into 3 antagonistic pairs

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4
Q

Place Theory

A

Relates perceived pitch to region

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5
Q

Frequency Theory

A

Related pitch to the frequency of sound waves and frequency of neuron firing

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6
Q

Facial Feedback hypothesis

A

Sensations from the face provide cues to the brain that help us determine what emotion we are feeling

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7
Q

Statistical Significance

A

.05 chance accounts for results less then 5% of the time

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8
Q

Template Matching Theory

A

Stored copies

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9
Q

Prototype Matching Theory

A

recognition involves comparison

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10
Q

Feature Analysis Theory

A

patterns are represented and recognized by distinctive features

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11
Q

Restorative Theory

A

We sleep in order to replenish

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12
Q

Adaptive Nonresponding Theory

A

Sleep and inactivity have survived value

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13
Q

Activation Synthesis hypothesis

A

Dreams are products of spontaneous neural activity

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14
Q

Thorndike’s Law of effect

A

Reward and punishment encourages and discourages responding

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15
Q

Premack principle

A

States that any high probability behavior can be used as a reward for any lower probability behavior

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16
Q

Continuity vs. Discontinuity

A

Theories of development, nature vs. nurture

17
Q

Serial position phenomenon

A

Sequence influences recall

18
Q

Primacy effect

A

Enhanced memory for items presented earlier

19
Q

Recency effect

A

Enhanced memory for items presented last

20
Q

Decay theory

A

Forgetting caused by learning similar materials proactive;initially Retroactive;previously

21
Q

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

Person’s language determines and limits a persons experiences

22
Q

Hull’s drive

A

Reduction model motivation arises out of need

23
Q

Cognitive consistency theory

A

Cognitive inconsistencies create tension and thus motivate the organism

24
Q

Festinger’s Cognitive dissonance theory

A

Reconcile cognitive discrepancies

25
Q

Arousal Theories

A

We all have optimal levels of stimulation that we try to maintain

26
Q

Yerkes Dodson law

A

Arousal will increase performances up to a point, then further increases will impair performance; inverted U function

27
Q

Incentive theory

A

Behavior is pulled rather then pushed

28
Q

James Lange theory

A

emotion is caused by bodily changes

29
Q

Cannon Bard’s Thalamic theory

A

Emotional expression caused by simultaneous changing bodily event thoughts and feelings

30
Q

Schachter’s Cognitive Physiological Theory

A

Bodily changes, current stimuli, events, and memories combine to determine behavior

31
Q

Attribution theory

A

Explains how people make inferences about the causes of behavior;personal or situational;self serving bias

32
Q

Deindividuation

A

Loss of self restraint that occurs out of anonymity

33
Q

Contact theory

A

Proposes that equal status contract between antagonistic groups shoul lower tension and bring harmony

34
Q

Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

A

(GAS) emergency reaction to stressful situations alarm raconstion, resistance and exhaustion

35
Q

Lazaru’s Cognitive Psychological Model

A

Emphasizes the process of appraisal (primary and secondary) as the primary determinant of stress

36
Q

Twin Studies

A

Allows a researcher to test influence of heredity v. environment

37
Q

Personal Construct Theory

A

Unique system of reality

38
Q

Deinstitutionalization

A

Occurred because of changes in political policy and development of new drug therapies

39
Q

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation

A

Looked at attachment in young children to their parents

Psychology (18 decks)

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