Unit 7b

Question 1

Cognition

Answer 1

The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 2

Concept

Answer 2

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people

Question 3

Prototype

Answer 3

Mental image or best example of a category, provides quick and easy method for sorting items into categories

Question 4

Algorithm

Answer 4

Procedure that guarantees solving a particular problems

Question 5

Heuristic

Answer 5

Strategy that allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
More error prone than algorithm

Question 6

Insight

Answer 6

Sudden realization of the solution to a problem

Question 7

Creativity

Answer 7

Ability to produce valuable ideas

Question 8

Confirmation bias

Answer 8

Tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and distort contradictory evidence

Question 9

Fixation

Answer 9

Inability to see a problem from a new perspective

Question 10

Mental set

Answer 10

Tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often one that was successful in the past

Question 11

Functional fixedness

Answer 11

Tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions

Question 12

Representational heuristic

Answer 12

Judging the likelihood of things

Question 13

Overconfidence

Answer 13

Tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 14

Belief preseverence

Answer 14

Clinging to one’s initial conceptions after they have been discredited

Question 15

Intuition

Answer 15

An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning

Question 16

Framing

Answer 16

The way an issue was posed

Question 17

Language

Answer 17

Our spokem, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning

Question 18

Phoneme

Answer 18

Smallest, distinct sound unit

Question 19

Morpheme

Answer 19

Smallest unit that carries meaning

Word or part of a word

Question 20

Grammar

Answer 20

Rules that enables us to communicate with others

Question 21

Semantics

Answer 21

Rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences

Question 22

Syntax

Answer 22

Rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language

Question 23

Babbling stage

Answer 23

Infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to household language
4 months

Question 24

One word stage

Answer 24

Child speaks mostly in single words

1-2 years

Question 25

Two word stage

Answer 25

Child speaks mostly two word statements

2 years

Question 26

Telegraphic speech

Answer 26

Child speaks like a telegram

Mostly nouns and verbs

Question 27

Linguistic determinism

Answer 27

Whorf

Language determines the way we think

Question 28

Availability heuristic

Answer 28

Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory