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Psychology > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Face blindnes

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2
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Sensory analysis that starts at the entry level

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3
Q

Top down processing

A

Construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations

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4
Q

Selective attention

A

Conscious awareness focuses one particular thing

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5
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

The ability to attend to only one voice among many others

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6
Q

Inattentional blindnes

A

When a viewer’s attention was directed elsewhere, they missed otherwise obvious objects

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7
Q

Change blindness

A

When an object changes, but viewers fail to notice

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8
Q

Popout stimuli

A

Stimuli that draws our eye and demands our attention

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9
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum stimulation necessary to detect a particular light, sound, pressure, taste or odor 50% of the time

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10
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Predicts when we will detect weak signals amid background stimulation

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11
Q

Subliminal

A

Below threshold

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12
Q

Priming

A

Predisposing one’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness

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13
Q

Difference threshold

A

Minimum difference a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time

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14
Q

Weber’s law

A

For a difference to e perceptible, two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion

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15
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

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16
Q

Transduce

A

Transform

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17
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from one wave peak to another

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18
Q

Hue

A

The color we experience

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19
Q

Intensity

A

The amount of energy in light waves

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20
Q

Pupil

A

Small adjustable opening surrounded by the iris

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21
Q

Iris

A

A colored muscle that adjusts light intake

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22
Q

Lens

A

Focuses incoming light rays into an image on the retina

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23
Q

Retina

A

Multi-layered tissue on the eyeballs sensitive surfaces

Sends light energy into neural impulses and forwards those to the brain

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24
Q

Accomodation

A

Lens focuses rays by changing its curvature

25
Q

Rods

A

Retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray

26
Q

Cones

A

Detect fine detail, functions in daylight or well lit conditions

27
Q

Optic nerve

A

Carries neural impulses from eye to brain

28
Q

Blindspot

A

Where the optic nerve leaves the eye

29
Q

Fovea

A

Retina’s area of central focus, cones cluster here

30
Q

Bipolar cells

A

Cones highway to the visual cortex

31
Q

Statistics on Cones and Rods

A 
Cones
6 million
centers
Low dim light
High color sensitivity
High detail
Rods
120 million
Periphery
High dim light
low color sensitivity
low detail
32
Q

Feature decectors

A

Nerve cells that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement

33
Q

Parallel processing

A

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously

34
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

Retina contains three different color receptors

Green, green, and blue

35
Q

Opponent process theory

A

Opposing retinal processes enable retinal process

36
Q

Audition

A

Sense or act of hearing

37
Q

Middle Ear

A

Chamber contain the hammer, anvil, and stirrup that concentrate vibrations

38
Q

Inner Ear

A

Innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibluar sacs

39
Q

Place theory

A

Links pitch with eh place where the cochlea’s membrane is stimulated

40
Q

Frequency theory

A

The rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tune, enabling us to sense pitch

41
Q

Conduction hearing loss

A

Caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea

42
Q

Sensorlineural hearing loss

A

Caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or auditory nerve
Nerve deafness

43
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Device that converts sounds into electrical signals and stimulates the auditory nerve through electrodes

44
Q

Kinesthesis

A

System for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

45
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance

46
Q

Gate control theory

A

Spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that blocks or allows pain signals to pass

47
Q

Unami

A

Savory meat taste, proteins to grow and repair tissue

48
Q

Sweet

A

Energy source

49
Q

Salty

A

Sodium essential to physiological processes

50
Q

Sour

A

Potentially toxic acid

51
Q

Bitter

A

Potential poisons

52
Q

Sensory interaction

A

One sense may influence another

53
Q

Gestalt

A

Emphasize our tendencies to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

54
Q

Figure ground

A

Organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from surroundings

55
Q

Monocular cues

A

Depth cues, linear perceptive from one eye alone

56
Q

Phi phenomenon

A

Illusion of movement when two or more adjacent lines blink on and off in quick succession

57
Q

Perceptual adaptation

A

Ability to adjust to an artificially displaced field

58
Q

ESP

A

Claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input

59
Q

Parapsychology

A

Study of paranormal phenomena

Psychology (18 decks)

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