Unit 5

Question 1

Circadian rhythm

Answer 1

An inborn 24-hour biological clock

Question 2

Consciousness

Answer 2

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Question 3

Stage 1

Answer 3

Very brief
Alpha waves
Awake, but very relaxed
Breathing is slow

Question 4

Stage 2

Answer 4

About 20 minutes

Question 5

Sleep spindles

Answer 5

Appear as very rapid, close flickers when graphed by an EEG

Question 6

K-complex

Answer 6

Distinctly large and lazy flicker on the graph

Question 7

Stage 3

Answer 7

Transitional stage

Delta waves

Question 8

Stage 4

Answer 8

About 30 minutes
Deep sleep
More delta waves than stage 3

Question 9

REM sleep

Answer 9

About 10 minutes
Occurs about every 90 minutes
Brain is the most active
brain waves like being awake
Pulse increases
Rapid breathing
Brain blocks messages to the motor cortex
Brings on dreams

Question 10

Sleep theory

Protects

Answer 10

Safer at night while asleep

Question 11

Sleep theory

Helps us recuperate

Answer 11

Sleep helps cleanse free radicals from our brains by giving neurons a time to rest

Question 12

Sleep theory

Makes for memories

Answer 12

Enables our brain to sort things into their proper spots

Question 13

Sleep theory

Can fuel creativity

Answer 13

Ideas come while asleep or dreaming

Many great ideas come just after a good night’s sleep

Question 14

Sleep theory

Helps with growth

Answer 14

The pituitary gland secretes a growth hormone while sleeping

Question 15

Free radicals

Answer 15

Toxins created from brain activity

Question 16

Insomnia

Answer 16

Persistent inability to sleep or to fall asleep

Question 17

Narcolepsy

Answer 17

When the person simply falls asleep suddenly

Question 18

Sleep apnea

Answer 18

The person stops breathing at night, awakens, then breathes again

Question 19

Night terrors

Answer 19

Pulse and breathing may double

The person may seem terrified

Question 20

Manifest content

Answer 20

What we experience in our dreams

Question 21

Latent content

Answer 21

Our subconscious drives would be problematic if acted out in real life

Question 22

Posthypnotic suggestion

Answer 22

Trying to get a person to respond after hypnosis

Question 23

Can hypnosis be therapeutic?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Can hypnosis reduce pain?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

Can hypnosis force you do something you don’t want to do?

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Can anyone experience hypnosis?

Answer 26

Most people can to some degree | About 20% are highly suggestible

Question 27

Social influence theory

Answer 27

Person being hypnotized is playing the role of a hypnotized person

Question 28

Divided consciousness theory

Answer 28

Centers on the concept of dissociation

Question 29

Dissociation

Answer 29

We have split layers of consciousness

Question 30

Tolerance

Answer 30

A larger dose is required to get the same effect from a drug

Question 31

Withdrawal

Answer 31

Physical pain and strong cravings

Question 32

Addiction

Answer 32

a compulsive craving despite consequences to use. Physical symptoms often accompany an addiction

Question 33

Depressants

Answer 33

slow down the body Alcohol Barbiturates Opiates

Question 34

Alcohol

Answer 34

``` lowers inhibitions slows processing speed disrupts memory and impairs judgment impacted by the person’s expectations correlates with risky sex cuts self-awareness and self-control ```

Question 35

Barbiturates

Answer 35

cause impaired memory, judgment, or death

Question 36

Opiates

Answer 36

Creates sluggishness Morphine Codeine Heroin

Question 37

Inhibition

Answer 37

Common sense

Question 38

Stimulants

Answer 38

``` Speeds up the body Methamphetamine Caffeine Nicotine Cocaine MDMA Hallucinogens ```

Question 39

MDMA

Answer 39

Ecstacy Both a stimulant and a mild hallucinogen Serotonin production can be permanently damaged Release of dopamine Releases serotonin and blocks its reuptake

Question 40

Hallucinogens

Answer 40

Create perception without sensory input LSD Marijuana

Question 41

Methamphetamine

Answer 41

Highly addictive and very dangerous Release of dopamine, Can permanently drop your natural dopamine levels

Question 42

Caffeine

Answer 42

World’s most common psychoactive drug Lasts about 3-4 hours Withdrawal symptoms of fatigue and headaches

Question 43

Nicotine

Answer 43

As addictive as heroin or cocaine Triggers epinephrine and norepinephrine Withdrawal includes cravings, insomnia, anxiety, and crankiness

Question 44

Cocaine

Answer 44

Produces a fast (but short) high Followed by depression. Rush of dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine Reuptake is blocked by the cocaine